Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase homologs participate in antiviral responses.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) serve as the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase () is an enzyme whose activity depends on copper availability. induction is shown to be involved in the antioxidative and antiviral activity of acetylsalicylic acid in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-expressing cells.

Transient Expression of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (EWL) in Influences Plant Pathogen Infection.

Lysozyme is an enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell walls, which is functional for destroying the integrity of bacteria, enhancing the activity of immune cells, participating in immune signal transmission, helping to maintain the micro-ecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract, etc. Egg white lysozyme (EWL), as one of the typical representatives of lysozyme, is the most widely used enzyme in production so far, and is also one of the most complex structures of lysozyme. EWL also helps protect plants from fungal and bacterial diseases.

Resveratrol synthase homologs participate in infection of by pathogenic plant viruses and fungi.

Introduction: Resveratrol synthase (RS) is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of stilbene and resveratrol. Resveratrol has many biological pharmacological activities that are beneficial to human health including anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, estrogen regulation, antibacterial, antiviral, and reduction of tissue and organ damage. In plants, RS catalyzes the production of resveratrol, which helps to protect against fungal and bacterial diseases.

Mechanism of N-Acetyl-D-alloisoleucine in Controlling Strawberry Black Root Rot.

China is the largest strawberry producer in the world. Strawberry black root rot is a novel disease that occurs in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of S-16 and its fermented form on strawberry black root rot caused by were tested.

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Attenuated Strain GnVn.1 Causing Mild Wilt in Sunflower.

, previously classified in the genus until 2007, is an attenuated pathogen known to provide cross-protection against wilt in various crops. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying its reduced virulence, we conducted genome sequencing, annotation, and a comparative genome analysis of GnVn.1 (GnVn.

3'UTR of tobacco vein mottling virus regulates downstream GFP expression and changes in host gene expression.

Introduction: Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) is a member of the family . The 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of viral genomic RNA has been reported to significantly impact viral infection. Nevertheless, the role of the TVMV 3'UTR during viral infection remains unknown.

Development of oculomics artificial intelligence for cardiovascular risk factors: A case study in fundus oculomics for HbA1c assessment and clinically relevant considerations for clinicians.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, notably in ophthalmology, where its ability to interpret images and data can significantly enhance disease diagnosis and patient care. Recent developments in oculomics, the integration of ophthalmic features to develop biomarkers for systemic diseases, have demonstrated the potential for providing rapid, non-invasive methods of screening leading to enhance in early detection and improve healthcare quality, particularly in underserved areas. However, the widespread adoption of such AI-based technologies faces challenges primarily related to the trustworthiness of the system.

syn-tasiRnas targeting the coat protein of potato virus Y confer antiviral resistance in .

Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs) are 21-nt phased (phased siRNAs) resulting from successive DCL-catalyzed processing from the end of a double-stranded RNA substrate originating from the RDR of an AGO-catalyzed cleaved RNA at a micro RNA target site. Plant tasiRNAs have been synthesized to produce synthetic tasiRNAs (syn-tasiRNAs) targeting viral RNAs that confer viral resistance. In this study, we engineered syn-tasiRNAs to target potato virus Y (PVY) infection by replacing five native siRNAs of TAS1c with 210-bp fragments from the coat protein (CP) region of the PVY genome.

Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in the pathogenesis mechanism of potato virus Y in potato cultivar YouJin.

Introduction: Potatoes ( L.) can be infected by various viruses, but out of all of viruses, the potato virus Y (PVY) is the most detrimental. Research shows that the potato cultivar YouJin is especially vulnerable to PVY and displays severe symptoms, including leaf vein chlorosis, curled leaf margins, large necrotic spots on the leaf blades, and the growth of small new leaves.

Case report: Lateral medullary syndrome with eight-and-a-half syndromes.

Rationale: Lateral medullary syndrome is caused by atherosclerosis or embolism of the vertebral artery and its branches or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA).The eight-and-a-half syndrome is a rare pontocerebellar nerve-ocular syndrome presenting as a one-and-a-half syndrome plus ipsilateral seventh cerebral nerve palsy. The dorsolateral medullary syndrome combined with the eight-and-a-half syndromes is even rarer, so it is important to recognize the features of the classical brainstem syndrome and the eight-and-a-half syndromes.

Whole-genome analysis revealed the growth-promoting and biological control mechanism of the endophytic bacterial strain Q2H2, with strong antagonistic activity in potato plants.

Introduction: Endophytes are colonizers of healthy plants and they normally exhibit biocontrol activities, such as reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and promoting plant growth. The endophytic bacterium Q2H2 (Q2H2) was isolated from the roots of potato plants and was found to have an antagonistic effect on pathogenic fungi.

Methods: Q2H2 was identified by morphological observations, physiological and biochemical identification, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.

On-demand Doppler-offset beamforming with intelligent spatiotemporal metasurfaces.

Recently, significant efforts have been devoted to guaranteeing high-quality communication services in fast-moving scenes, such as high-speed trains. The challenges lie in the Doppler effect that shifts the frequency of the transmitted signal. To this end, the recent emergence of spatiotemporal metasurfaces offers a promising solution, which can manipulate electromagnetic waves in time and space domain while being lightweight and cost-effective.

Soil microbial diversity under different types of interference in birch secondary forest in the Greater Khingan Mountains in China.

Introduction: Soil microorganisms are an important component of soil ecosystems with an indispensable role in forest ecosystems. We analyzed the soil microbial diversity in birch secondary forest formed by natural restoration or artificial reconstruction after interference by burning, clear cutting, and gradient cutting, and the undisturbed forest in the Greater Khingan Mountains in China.

Methods: Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the characteristics of the soil microbial community during the restoration process of birch secondary forest caused by the different types of interference.

A patient with MELAS syndrome combined with autoimmune abnormalities: a case report.

Background: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a group of maternally inherited disorders caused by mutations or deletions in mitochondrial genes with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes as the main clinical manifestations.

Case Presentation: We reported a 20-year-old female patient with MELAS syndrome combined with autoimmune abnormalities. She suffered from an intermittent headache in the right temporal region with no obvious cause, and then, after strenuous exercise in dance class, the headache became aggravated, accompanied by unresponsiveness, blurred vision, and diplopia.

Rhamnolipid-induced alleviation of bioclogging in Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR): Interactions with bacteria and porous media.

The prevention and treatment of bioclogging is of great significance to the application of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). This study investigated the alleviating effect of biosurfactant rhamnolipid (RL) on bioclogging by laboratory-scale percolation experiments. The results show that the addition of RL greatly reduced bioclogging.

Carrier burden of over 300 diseases in Han Chinese identified by expanded carrier testing of 300 couples using assisted reproductive technology.

Background: Expanded carrier screening (ECS) has become a common practice for identifying carriers of monogenic diseases. However, existing large gene panels are not well-tailored to Chinese populations. In this study, ECS testing for pathogenic variants of both single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) in 330 genes implicated in 342 autosomal recessive (AR) or X-linked diseases was carried out.

regulates 2,4-DAPG production and quorum sensing system in 2P24.

Introduction: 2P24 was isolated from soil of natural decay associated with wheat take-all and it can effectively control soil-borne diseases caused by a variety of plant pathogens. 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), is produced by 2P24 and plays an important role in the prevention and control of plant diseases. To understand the resistant mechanism, in this study, we conducted experiments to explore the regulation role of in the synthesis of the antibiotic 2,4-DAPG and regulation of QS system.

Methyltransferase-like (METTL) homologues participate in antiviral responses.

Methyltransferase (MTase) enzymes catalyze the addition of a methyl group to a variety of biological substrates. MTase-like (METTL) proteins are Class I MTases whose enzymatic activities contribute to the epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation of multiple cellular processes. N-adenosine methylation (mA) is a common chemical modification of eukaryotic and viral RNA whose abundance is jointly regulated by MTases and METTLs, demethylases, and mA binding proteins.

Strategies for Engineering Virus Resistance in Potato.

Potato () is an important vegetable crop that plays a pivotal role in the world, especially given its potential to feed the world population and to act as the major staple food in many developing countries. Every year, significant crop loss is caused by viral diseases due to a lack of effective agrochemical treatments, since only transmission by insect vectors can be combated with the use of insecticides, and this has been an important factor hindering potato production. With the rapid development of molecular biology and plant genetic engineering technology, transgenic approaches and non-transgenic techniques (RNA interference and CRISPR-cas9) have been effectively employed to improve potato protection against devastating viruses.

A case of EBV encephalomyelitis with positive anti-GFAP-IgG antibody with recurrent fever and dysuresia as the main symptoms: Case report and retrospective analysis.

Rationale: Due to neuronal destruction caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, exposure to neuronal surface antigens may lead to an imbalance in immune tolerance, which in turn triggers an autoimmune response. In addition, due to the involvement of nonspecific B-cell activation or molecular mimicry, EBV and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) receptors may have common epitopes. Viral infection triggers activation of B-cell and cross-reaction with viral antibodies, resulting in autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Case report: A late-onset cobalamin C defect first presenting as a depression in a teenager.

The cobalamin C (cblC) defect, a common inborn disorder of cobalamin metabolism due to a genetic mutation in , can cause combined methylmalonic acid and homocysteine accumulation in blood, urine, or both. In this article, a late-onset case was reported, and the patient first presented with depression identified with the gene. We summarized the clinical features of the cblC defect, the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and the clinical experience concerning the diagnosis and treatment of the cblC defect.

AntiGQ1b antibody positive with MFS/GBS overlapped syndrome with diplopia and hemiplegia onset: Case report and retrospective analysis.

Rationale: GBS and MFS have been divided into several subtypes, constituting a series of independent and overlapping syndromes that share similar pathophysiology, leading to common clinical features, including history of previous infection, single-phase course, symmetry, skull or limbs weakness, CFS albumin cell separation (high protein, normal cell count), antiganglioside antibodies and axon, or evidence of demyelinating neuropathy neurophysiology. Part of the MFS in patients with clinical manifestations may be complicated, and even symptoms are not typical. A few patients may overlap with BBE or GBS.

Targeting of genomic and negative-sense strands of viral RNA contributes to antiviral resistance mediated by artificial miRNAs and promotes the emergence of complex viral populations.

Technology based on artificial small RNAs, including artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs), exploits natural RNA silencing mechanisms to achieve silencing of endogenous genes or pathogens. This technology has been successfully employed to generate resistance against different eukaryotic viruses. However, information about viral RNA molecules effectively targeted by these small RNAs is rather conflicting, and factors contributing to the selection of virus mutants escaping the antiviral activity of virus-specific small RNAs have not been studied in detail.

AlkB RNA demethylase homologues and N -methyladenosine are involved in Potyvirus infection.

Proteins of the alkylation B (AlkB) superfamily show RNA demethylase activity removing methyl adducts from N -methyladenosine (m A). m A is a reversible epigenetic mark of RNA that regulates human virus replication but has unclear roles in plant virus infection. We focused on Potyvirus-the largest genus of plant RNA viruses-and report here the identification of AlkB domains within P1 of endive necrotic mosaic virus (ENMV) and an additional virus of a putative novel species within Potyvirus.