Starvation Influences the Microbiota in the Stomach of the Corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish.

The crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS, spp.), is responsible for a considerable amount of coral loss in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. After decimating coral populations through predation, it is expected that CoTS will face food scarcity before coral recovery.

Conserved mycobacterial sRNA B11 regulates lipooligosaccharide synthesis at posttranscriptional level in .

Extractable glycolipids of mycobacteria, such as lipooligosaccharides (LOSs), play crucial roles in responding to environmental stress and modulating the host immune response. Although the biosynthesis of LOS is likely regulated at multiple levels to ensure proper composition of the cell wall, the key regulators remain unknown. In this study, we investigated B11, a conserved mycobacterial small RNA (sRNA), and found that it post-transcriptionally regulates LOS synthesis in .

New perspectives under heterogeneity: mechanism of nutrient heterogeneity on Cd-induced hormesis of soil respiration.

Hormesis is a phenomenon in which low doses of toxins stimulate organisms, while high doses have inhibitory effects. Soil heterogeneity nutrient spatial profoundly influences community structure and stress responses by altering the microenvironment around microorganisms. Studies on hormesis in soil ecosystems have made significant progress, but most of them have overlooked the impact of soil nutrient spatial heterogeneity on hormesis.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of AAT and SAA in Lateolabrax maculatus and Micropterus salmoides.

Both alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are involved in the regulation of infection, tissue damage and inflammation. In this study, AAT and SAA genes from spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were cloned and characterized, named LmAAT, MsAAT, LmSAA and MsSAA, respectively. LmAAT, MsAAT, LmSAA and MsSAA were 1664 bp, 1688 bp, 505 bp and 476 bp long, encoded 404, 409, 121 and 122 amino acid residues.

Development of a lung perfusion automated quantitative model based on dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism.

Objective: To develop PerAIDE, an AI-driven system for automated analysis of pulmonary perfusion blood volume (PBV) using dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography (DE-CTPA) in patients with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (CPE).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective observational study, 32 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) and 151 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) were enrolled between January 2022 and July 2024. PerAIDE was developed to automatically quantify three distinct perfusion patterns-normal, reduced, and defective-on DE-CTPA images.

Bitter taste signaling pathway is required for spermatogenesis and maintenance of male fertility in mice.

Recently, the expression of bitter taste receptors and their downstream taste signaling cascade have been widely found outside the gustatory system, indicating important physiological functions of bitter taste receptors in various extraoral organs including testis, but little is known about their functions in spermatogenesis. Here, we describe the localization and expression pattern of taste signaling transduction molecules in the testis. Genetic mutation of bitter signaling transduction molecules decreased the litter size, the IVF rate and the diameter of seminiferous tubules and even resulted in empty seminiferous tubules.

Associations of indoor musty odors with depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese older adults: a nationwide study.

Background: Indoor air pollution has been recognized as a risk factor for mental health, particularly depression and anxiety symptoms. Indoor musty odors are considered a component of indoor air pollution. However, evidence on the associations between indoor musty odors and mental health among older adults is limited.

A Large-Scale Image Repository for Automated Pavement Distress Analysis and Degradation Trend Prediction.

In recent years, automated detection technologies for large-scale pavement distress have become a focal point of research in the transportation sector. With the rapid advancement of deep learning technologies, data-driven artificial intelligence recognition algorithms have gradually emerged as the industry mainstream. The effectiveness of such algorithms largely depends on the reliability and quantity of the samples.

Hierarchical luminescence center coupling enables time-dependent phosphorescence color from self-protective carbonized polymer dots.

Time-dependent phosphorescence color is attractive for various applications; however, the modulation mechanism of multiple luminescence centers is still confused. Herein, we proposed a hierarchical luminescence center coupling strategy to develop self-protective xylan carbonized polymer dots with time-dependent phosphorescence color. When using 1,3-diaminopropane as the cross-linker, the polymer dots feature a highly stable and rigid architecture, the clusterization-triggered phosphorescence of which is fully exploited to form hierarchical core-shell phosphorescence centers with different afterglow colors.

LFE-Net: a low-light fringe pattern enhancement method based on convolutional neural networks.

The fringe projection profilometry (FPP) technique has always been the focus of research and attention from numerous scholars. However, when obtaining the fringe pattern, the light of the image may be too low due to environmental factors, which may affect the smooth progress of subsequent work. To address this issue, this paper proposes an LFE-Net network for enhancing low-light fringe patterns.

Edible Bird's Nest Ameliorated Acute Pharyngitis Through Exerting the Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Expectorant Efficacy.

Edible bird's nest (EBN) has been used in the treatment of pharyngitis, sore throat, and excessive sputum. The current study investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of EBN against acute pharyngitis (AP). Peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrate derivatives, and purine nucleosides were identified tentatively in EBN through the LC-MS method.

Association between ultraviolet exposure and type 2 diabetes: Insights from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Objective: To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: This study analyzed data from 14,825 participants enrolled in the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Ground-based daily average UVR monitoring data, collected from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2014, across 724 stations in China, were matched to 125 cities corresponding to participants' residences.

Association of exposure to famine early in life with indicators of obesity in adulthood: testosterone as a potential mediator?

Background: The Chinese famine occurred between 1959 and 1961. Findings on early exposure to famine on obesity have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of early exposure to famine on obesity and the mediating role of testosterone.

Modeling Alzheimer's disease in mice: Gonadectomy combined with bilateral hippocampus dentate gyrus injection of Aβ oligomers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for almost half of all dementia cases globally and is progressively increasing. Etiology includes heredity, genetic factors, aging, and nutrition, but sex hormones also play a key role. Reliable animal models of AD are the basis for gaining insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD and for developing and evaluating novel therapeutic strategies for preclinical AD.

Obesity Was Associated With Learning Disabilities in Children and Adolescents Living in the USA.

Aim: Previous studies have linked general obesity to learning disabilities, but the association of general and central obesity with learning disabilities remains unclear. This study aimed to assess their associations in USA children and adolescents.

Methods: We analysed 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to evaluate the associations between BMI (≥ 95th percentile) and WHR (≥ 0.

Tissue-Specific Expression Analysis and Functional Validation of Genes in Foxtail Millet () Under Hormone and Drought Stresses, and Heterologous Expression in .

The SCARECROW (SCR) transcription factor governs cell-type patterning in plant roots and Kranz anatomy of leaves, serving as a master regulator of root and shoot morphogenesis. Foxtail millet (), characterized by a compact genome, self-pollination, and a short growth cycle, has emerged as a C model plant. Here, we revealed two paralogs in foxtail millet- and -which exhibit high sequence conservation with (), (), and (), particularly within the C-terminal GRAS domain.

A granulin-positive macrophage subtype in mycobacterial granulomas alleviates tissue damage by limiting excessive inflammation.

Granulomas play a crucial role in the pathology of tuberculosis, but the immune environment governing their formation remains largely unknown. To explore the dynamic changes in the immune microenvironment during the formation of tuberculous granulomas, we infected adult zebrafish with and then examined uninfected and infected kidneys, as well as large and small granulomas in the kidneys. Using single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we identified two major macrophage subpopulations in the hematopoietic tissue (kidney) of zebrafish under uninfected physiological conditions: monocyte derived and tissue-resident macrophages.

Analysis of Key miRNA/mRNA Functional Axes During Host Dendritic Cell Immune Response to Based on GEO Datasets.

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and changes in gene expression of DCs during the immune response to () may affect the development of tuberculosis.

Methods: Using systems biology methods, mRNA and miRNA expression profile data of DCs infected with were obtained. A total of 1398 differentially expressed mRNAs and 79 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and a corresponding miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.

Transparent-To-Reflective Multicolor All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices for Next-Generation Intelligent Display Windows.

Inorganic all-solid-state electrochromic devices have a wide range of industrial applications due to favorable chemical stability, high optical modulation rate, and good process compatibility. However, the monochromatic nature evidently restricts its development in transparent display, especially in application scenarios where color display is required. Here, an all-solid-state WO-based electrochromic device is presented with a dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) composite electrode, which features a transparent-to-reflective switching mode.

A diagnostic algorithm for inherited metabolic disorders using untargeted metabolomics.

Introduction: Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for detecting perturbations in biological systems, offering significant potential for screening for rare inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). However, the rarity and vast diversity of these diseases, results in limited availability of samples and incomplete metabolic pathway knowledge for each condition. Current diagnostic procedures rely heavily on manual interpretation, which is time-consuming, and data driven approaches are insufficient for small sample sizes.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension with cardiopulmonary comorbidities: is it a unique phenotype?

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients with cardiopulmonary comorbidities have been prevalent nowadays. However, there was limited data on clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in these populations.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with right heart catheterization (RHC)-confirmed PAH between October 2021 to March 2023 were included in our study.

A Machine Learning Approach to Differentiate Cold and Hot Syndrome in Viral Pneumonia Integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine: Machine Learning Model Development and Validation.

Background: Syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient principle that guides disease diagnosis and treatment. Among these, the cold and hot syndromes play a crucial role in identifying the nature of the disease and guiding the treatment of viral pneumonia. However, differentiating between cold and hot syndromes is often considered esoteric.

Sympathetic nerves inhibit dental pulp stem cell differentiation and tertiary dentine formation via α1B-adrenergic receptor.

Aim: The dental pulp is extensively innervated. Our previous study showed that the α1B-adrenergic receptor ADRA1B is the primary sympathetic neurotransmitter receptor in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its expression was enhanced in inflamed pulp tissues. The sympathetic nerve system (SNS) negatively impacts the proliferation and migration capacities of hDPSCs via ADRA1B.

Crosstalk between mitochondrial quality control and novel programmed cell death in pulmonary diseases.

Dysfunctional mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and dysregulated programmed cell death (PCD) are increasingly recognized as key drivers of pulmonary diseases. This review explores the intricate crosstalk between MQC mechanisms, encompassing mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, and mitocytosis, and novel PCD pathways such as pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, PANoptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis. We highlight how mitochondrial dysfunction triggers PCD and how PCD exacerbates mitochondrial damage, creating a vicious cycle that amplifies lung injury and inflammation.