The FN1-targeted delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin to venous clots revolutionizes thrombosis treatment in CVT.

The systemic administration of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as the standard initial treatment for venous thromboembolism is intended to prevent thrombus growth during the acute phase and prevent thrombus recurrence during the chronic phase. However, precisely controlling the specificity and localization of LMWH presents significant challenges, which has necessitated research into targeted delivery methods. Furthermore, due to different thrombosis mechanisms, tailored pharmacologic interventions are needed, particularly for arterial and venous thrombosis.

ONECUT1 activates PSAT1 to facilitate PD-L1 expression and mediate immune evasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: PD-1/PD-L1, a classic immune checkpoint commonly employed in targeted therapy, has proven to yield only limited benefits for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Unraveling the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the progression of LUSC serves as the foundation for discovering more effective treatment strategies.

Methods: A study was conducted on the differential expression of PSAT1 and ONECUT1 in LUSC based on data from the TCGA database.

Sulfated Fucooligosaccharides Ameliorated Neuroinflammation in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model Mice via the Gut-Brain Axis.

This study was aimed to reveal the neuroprotective effect of sulfated fucooligosaccharides (FOS) in an aging mouse model induced by d-galactose. The results showed that FOS treatment ameliorated inflammation, improved behavioral decline in memory and cognition, and exerted neuroprotective effects. FOS reduced microglia activation by decreasing the expression of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK), cyclic-AMP response binding protein (CREB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

FARSB downregulation by SPI1 modulates lung adenocarcinoma progression and immune microenvironment via mTOR pathway.

Background: Phenylalanyl-TRNA Synthetase Subunit Beta (FARSB) is implicated in the progression of multiple cancers and represents a potential therapeutic target. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression and the immune microenvironment remains poorly understood, warranting further investigation into its regulatory mechanisms.

Methods: We conducted bioinformatics analyses to investigate the expression levels of FARSB in LUAD, identify enriched pathways, and assess its correlation with patient prognosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration.

A Generalized and Interpretable Multi-Label Multi-Disease Screening System for Ocular Anterior Segment Disease Detection.

Objective: To develop and validate a multi-label, multi-disease, well-generalized, and interpretable screening system applied to the detection of common ocular anterior segment diseases based on ocular surface slit-lamp images.

Design: A multicenter artificial intelligence diagnostic study.

Participants: A total of 1990 patients were randomly selected from 2 medical centers: the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, between November 2016 and March 2022.

Ranges, temporal trend, and determinants of novel obesity indices in middle-aged and older Chinese population: insights from a nationally representative and longitudinal study.

Background: Traditional obesity assessment using body mass index (BMI) fails to adequately capture fat distribution, particularly central obesity, which is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction and obesity-related complications. Alternative obesity indices that better reflecting fat distribution and body composition have shown promise, yet large-scale population-based data remain limited. This study evaluates the ranges, temporal trends, and associated factors of novel obesity indexes in a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Characteristics of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in NCG-hSTAT2+/+ mice: a novel model for studying neurological symptoms and immune response.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and the Western Pacific, is regulated by type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, in which STAT2 is critical. However, STAT2's exact role in JEV-mediated IFN evasion remains unclear. Existing murine models of JEV infection predominantly employ high viral titers to induce encephalitis and primarily use immunocompetent or IFN receptor-deficient mice, limiting their utility for studying JEV's IFN evasion mechanisms.

From background diabetic retinopathy to its proliferative stage. What is the role of gut microbiota in the trajectory of DR? a Mendelian randomization study with mediation analysis.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota (GM) plays a role in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the causal microbial drivers and their stage-dependent roles during DR progression remain poorly characterised. Using genetic causality methods, we aim to depict a longitudinal GM mapping and stage-stratified GM signatures across the DR trajectory, spanning initial background DR (BDR) through non-proliferative form (NPDR), to advanced proliferative stage (PDR).

Methods: GWAS data of 207 GM taxa (from phylum to species) were acquired from the Dutch Microbiome Project (N = 7,824), and DR from FinnGen (over 300,000 individuals).

Subtyping-Directed Precision Treatment Refines Traditional One-Size-Fits-All Therapy for HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer.

The standard approach of using one-size-fits-all endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancers has faced significant challenges due to variations in treatment response among individuals. To overcome this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive study that integrated data from both "bench" (multi-omics sequencing and functional drug response testing) and "bedside" (multicenter real-world and clinical trial cohorts) studies. Classification of HR+/HER2- breast cancer into four subtypes enabled effective subtyping-directed precision treatment strategies: endocrine therapy alone for the canonical luminal subtype; the addition of CDK4/6 and PARP inhibitors for the proliferative subtype; immunotherapy for the immunogenic subtype; and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the receptor tyrosine kinase-driven subtype.

Immunological microenvironment and targeted therapeutics in multiple sclerosis: new insights in crosstalk between immune niches and CNS.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects young adults. However, current disease-modifying therapies demonstrate limited efficacy in addressing progressive disease subtypes, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we systematically review the neuroimmune interactions underlying the pathogenesis of MS, with a focus on three key aspects: the immune niche, immune cell types, and cell-based therapies.

The Role of p53-Mediated Cellular Senescence in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

An increasing body of evidence suggests that cellular senescence is a risk factor for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cellular senescence is a permanent state by which cells cease to divide and adopt an irreversible cell cycle arrest, which is believed to contribute to aging and aging-related diseases. IPF is an age-related, chronic, progressive, and ultimately fatal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology.

A functionally tunable magnetic nanochains platform for N-glycoproteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from ultratrace biofluids.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry complex glycoproteins critical mediators of disease progression and hold great potential for liquid biopsy applications. However, their low abundance presents significant analytical challenges. This study develop a versatile platform for EV N-glycoproteomic analysis (EVGpro), which enables tandem EV capture, EV protein digestion, and enrichment of N-glycopeptides.

Inhibition of iron ion accumulation alleviates polystyrene nanoplastics-induced pulmonary fibroblast proliferation and activation.

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are increasingly recognized as widespread environmental pollutants with significant ecological and human health implications, with particularly severe impacts on the respiratory system. This study aimed to explore the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 80 nm) on pulmonary fibroblast proliferation and activation in NIH/3 T3 cells. Herein, we conducted a PS-NPs-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) model and a pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.

Low ammonium and high nitrate input improves nitrogen use efficiency and growth in sugarcane through coordinated reprogramming of nitrogen and carbon metabolism.

Providing plants with adequate nitrogen (N) through an appropriate ammonium-to-nitrate-ratio (NH/NO-ratio) can enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and promote growth. However, how different NH/NO-ratios affect N and carbon (C) metabolic processes and growth in sugarcane, a fast-growing high-biomass crop, remain unclear. Here, a hydroponic experiment was conducted using sugarcane variety 'Yunzhe05-51', applying seven NH/NO-ratios under a constant total N supply level of 10 mmol·L.

ChatRadio-Valuer: A Chat Large Language Model for Generalizable Radiology Impression Generation on Multi-institution and Multi-system Data.

Achieving clinical level performance and widespread deployment for generating radiology impressions encounters a giant challenge for conventional artificial intelligence models tailored to specific diseases and organs. Concurrent with the increasing accessibility of radiology reports and advancements in modern general AI techniques, the emergence and potential of deployable radiology AI exploration have been bolstered. Here, we present ChatRadio-Valuer, the first general radiology diagnosis large language model for localized deployment within hospitals and being close to clinical use for multi-institution and multi-system diseases.

Impact of robotic-assisted versus video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on efficacy and quality of life in patients with pulmonary opacities: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Objective: With the increasing detection of pulmonary opacities through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), minimally invasive surgical techniques have gained prominence. While debates persist regarding the comparative efficacy and postoperative quality of life (QOL) between robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), this study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes and postoperative QOL between RATS and VATS in patients with pulmonary opacities.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent pulmonary opacities resection at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital, between January 2021 and November 2024.

Modeling Alzheimer's disease in mice: Gonadectomy combined with bilateral hippocampus dentate gyrus injection of Aβ oligomers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for almost half of all dementia cases globally and is progressively increasing. Etiology includes heredity, genetic factors, aging, and nutrition, but sex hormones also play a key role. Reliable animal models of AD are the basis for gaining insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD and for developing and evaluating novel therapeutic strategies for preclinical AD.

Association between cardiometabolic Index and obstructive sleep apnea and the mediating role of smoking: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The cardiometabolic Index (CMI) serves as a metric for evaluating the functional and metabolic health of the heart. It aids healthcare professionals in assessing cardiac health, predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and determining the effectiveness of various treatments. Despite its significance, there is a scarcity of studies examining the relationship between CMI and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Association between albumin-bilirubin score and sarcopenia in middle-aged Americans: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a novel index for assessing liver function, integrating albumin and bilirubin levels to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a patient's overall health. Despite its utility, there is a paucity of research exploring the relationship between ALBI scores and sarcopenia in the existing literature, and studies on sarcopenia prevalence in middle-aged adults are also scarce. This study aims to investigate the association between ALBI scores and the prevalence of sarcopenia among middle-aged adults in the United States.

TNBC's compass: Navigating prognosis with a cellular map.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Meyer et al. use imaging mass cytometry and identify a stem-like basoluminal tumor cell linked to poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). They integrate this finding with T cell spatial architecture to establish a five-subtype classification for predicting prognosis and guiding therapy.

Intrapleural injection of bupivacaine liposome for pain management after thoracoscopic surgery.

Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery is widely recognized for its efficacy in pain management. Nevertheless, postoperative pain control continues to pose a significant challenge in thoracic surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of bupivacaine liposomes on postoperative pain management in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery.

Factors influencing innovative work behavior among teachers in the higher education sectors in China: The role of work engagement as a mediator and artificial intelligence as a moderator.

The modernization of Chinese higher education relies heavily on fostering innovative work behavior (IWB) among university teachers. However, the crucial role of non-intellectual and external factors has often been overlooked, contributing to insufficient innovative outcomes. Drawing on self-determination theory and social exchange theory, this study develops a research model where career calling (CC) and talent policy (TP) serve as independent variables, IWB as the dependent variable, work engagement (WE) as a mediating variable, and artificial intelligence (AI) as a moderating variable to explore effective ways to stimulate IWB.

Deficient AMPK-SENP1-Sirt3 signaling impairs mitochondrial complex I function in Parkinson's disease model.

Background: Epidemiological studies have revealed increased Parkinson's disease (PD) risk among individuals exposed to pesticides like 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP is frequently used to induce PD-like symptoms in research models by disrupting mitochondrial complex I (CI) function and causing dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal region. However, the pathway(s) through which MPTP impairs mitochondrial CI function remain to be elucidated.

Determination of Intermolecular Distances in Dilute Solutions of Macroions and Their Direct Correlations with Self-Assembly and Macrophase Transitions.

This work demonstrates new attempts to determine the intermolecular distances between charged macroionic solutes in their dilute solutions, which regulate the solute's microphase (self-assembly) and macrophase transitions. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) techniques were applied to determine the intermolecular distances for the 2.42 nm-sized, spherical uranyl peroxide molecular cluster {U} in their self-assembled states in dilute aqueous solution and concentrated phases, respectively.