Electronic Structure of Ni-Based Reconstructed Surface for Electrocatalytic Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline water electrolysis lead to high overpotentials, limiting cost-effective green hydrogen production. Ni-based catalysts, recognized as promising OER electrocatalysts, require electronic structure modulation to enhance performance. However, under oxidizing conditions, Ni-based materials undergo surface reconstruction with significant electronic alterations, rendering bulk-phase studies less practical.

MPTP controls the release of mtDNA and induces endothelial cell PANoptosis in trichloroethylene-induced immune kidney injury.

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) damage is closely related to kidney injury. Our previous research revealed the involvement of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1)-mediated PANoptosis of renal ECs in trichloroethylene (TCE)-induced immune kidney injury. However, how IRF1 regulates ECs PANoptosis remains unclear.

COG6 is an essential host factor for influenza A virus infection.

Influenza A virus (IAV) relies on the host cellular machinery to support its replication. Understanding these host dependencies can inform the development of novel antiviral strategies. In this study, we identified conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6 (COG6) as a novel host factor critical for IAV replication through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) knockout screen.

The FN1-targeted delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin to venous clots revolutionizes thrombosis treatment in CVT.

The systemic administration of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) as the standard initial treatment for venous thromboembolism is intended to prevent thrombus growth during the acute phase and prevent thrombus recurrence during the chronic phase. However, precisely controlling the specificity and localization of LMWH presents significant challenges, which has necessitated research into targeted delivery methods. Furthermore, due to different thrombosis mechanisms, tailored pharmacologic interventions are needed, particularly for arterial and venous thrombosis.

Structure-Based Discovery of Active Pan-KRas Inhibitors Targeting G12D Mutants by Enhanced Sampling Simulations.

Ras is a node protein in the classic tumor signaling pathway known as RAS-RAF-MEK. Mutations in Ras are reported to occur in approximately 19% of human cancers. Among them, the G12D mutation is one of the most prevalent mutations found in Ras.

Advancing kombucha fermentation: Microbial interactions, functional metabolites, and innovative optimization strategies.

Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage that has attracted increasing attention due to its diverse microbial ecosystem and potential health benefits. This review presents a comprehensive and innovative perspective on kombucha fermentation by integrating recent advances in microbial interactions, functional metabolite production, and emerging biotechnological approaches. The synergistic roles of bacteria and yeasts in shaping its physicochemical and bioactive properties are explored, with a focus on how multi-omics techniques, including metagenomics and metabolomics, are redefining microbial dynamics.

PI3 as a Common Hub Gene Linking Atopic Dermatitis and Ulcerative Colitis Through Immune Cell Recruitment Mechanisms.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are increasingly prevalent, and growing evidence suggests a potential link between them. However, the shared pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to identify the hub genes and immunological features underlying the connection between AD and UC.

Multifunctional Prussian lue nanozymes ameliorate tendinopathy via modulating tissue homeostasis.

Tendinopathy, a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by chronic pain and functional decline, remains a therapeutic challenge due to the limited efficacy of conventional treatments in addressing oxidative stress and persistent inflammation. Here, we present Prussian blue nanozymes (PBzymes) as a catalytic nanomedicine engineered to mimic multi-enzyme activities, offering a potent strategy for tendon microenvironment modulation and repair. Synthesized via a hydrothermal template-free approach, PBzymes exhibit robust reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capabilities through intrinsic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase-like activities, effectively neutralizing •OH, HO, and •OOH radicals.

The role of rostral ventromedial medulla astrocytes in the pathogenesis and modulation of diabetic neuropathic pain.

Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), characterized by persistent spontaneous pain and evoked pain, poses clinical challenges including treatment resistance and frequent comorbidities with affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. Despite its clinical importance, the underlying mechanisms of DNP remain unclear. In our study, we reveal that hyperactivated astrocytes in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are functionally associated with both mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors in DNP.

Enhanced mycoprotein extraction via cell wall disruption: A promising alternative protein with preferable digestibility and lubrication over soy protein.

Growing demand for alternative proteins has spurred research into microbial proteins, particularly Fusarium venenatum mycoprotein (MP). Naturally encapsulated within rigid fungal cell walls, MP requires efficient extraction to liberate intracellular protein for nutritional and functional applications. High-pressure homogenization (0-120 MPa) enhanced cell wall disruption and protein extraction, increasing protein content (47.

Exposure to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Disrupts Intestinal Barrier Function via NLRP3/Caspase-1-Mediated Pyroptosis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major global pathogen that causes severe economic losses in dairy herds due to diarrhea, reproductive disorders, and reduced milk yield. Despite its well-documented systemic effects, the mechanism of BVDV-induced intestinal damage remains unclear. In our study, BVDV triggered cytopathic effects in intestinal epithelial cells, including cell death, goblet cell depletion, and disruption of barrier proteins.

Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material via In Situ Solid-Liquid Host-Guest Composite Strategy.

Solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted significant attention due to their high enthalpy, which enables superior energy storage density. However, it is difficult to maintain their original shapes in a molten state. Therefore, confining PCMs within porous materials is an important method, either through mixing molten polymers and PCMs or confining PCMs in pre-prepared porous materials (e.

An engineered CRISPR-Cas12i tool for efficient multiplexed genome editing.

Developing efficient and simplified tools for multiplexed genome editing remains challenging due to limitations in precursor CRISPR RNA (pre-crRNA) processing and reliance on additional RNA-based regulatory components. Cas12i.3, a small RNA-guided nuclease, reportedly lacks pre-crRNA processing ability, restricting its multiplexing capability.

A high-sensitivity and clogging-free microfluidic impedance flow cytometer based on three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing.

Microfluidic impedance flow cytometry has functioned as an enabling instrument in single-cell analysis, which, however, suffers from the limiting tradeoff between high sensitivity and clogging-free operation. In order to address this issue, this study presented a microfluidic impedance flow cytometer based on three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing, in which the crossflow of conductive sample fluids and insulating sheath fluids was leveraged to centralize and restrict electric field lines to the sample fluid, thereby achieving high impedance sensitivity of single cells without the concern of channel blockage. Different from conventional impedance flow cytometry, in this study, impedance amplitude dips (rather than pulse singles) generated by single microparticles traveling through the 3D hydrodynamic focusing region were experimentally validated using microbeads.

Enhanced Menaquinone Biosynthesis by Engineering 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate Synthase MenD to Alleviate Feedback Inhibition in .

Vitamin K (menaquinones, MKs), a group of fat-soluble vitamins with a 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone core, plays vital roles in bone metabolism and cardiovascular health. Although microbial biosynthesis has become the primary method for MKs production, regulatory constraints and metabolic bottlenecks in the MK pathway limit its production efficiency. In this study, we identified that 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), an intermediate in the MK pathway of , exerts feedback inhibition on the key enzyme 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase MenD.

A Novel Glycosylated Ferulic Acid Conjugate: Synthesis, Antioxidative Neuroprotection Activities In Vitro, and Alleviation of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (CIRI) In Vivo.

Antioxidative neuroprotection is effective at preventing ischemic stroke (IS). Ferulic acid (FA) offers benefits in the treatment of many diseases, mostly due to its antioxidant activities. In this study, a glycosylated ferulic acid conjugate (FA-Glu), with 1,2,3-triazole as a linker and bioisostere between glucose at the C6 position and FA at the C4 position, was designed and synthesized.

Recent Advances in Improving the Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Performance of Atomically Dispersed Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts.

Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts are regarded as ideal catalytic materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions. Compared with other ORR catalysts, M-N-C catalysts exhibit notable advantages, including low cost, high atomic utilization efficiency, and considerable catalytic potential. We provide a systematic review of recent research advances in enhancing the ORR performance of M-N-C catalysts, focusing on catalytic activity and stability.

Orphan Nuclear Receptors in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease Development.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, representing a spectrum of liver disorders from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, has emerged as one of the most prevalent chronic liver conditions globally, affecting an estimated approximately 30% of the world's population. Its pathogenesis is highly complex, involving intricate interactions between genetic predisposition, metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and cellular stress responses. Within this complex landscape, orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs) have gained significant attention.

Dominant negative ATP5F1A variants disrupt oxidative phosphorylation causing neurological disorders.

ATP5F1A encodes the α-subunit of complex V of the respiratory chain, which is responsible for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. We describe 6 probands with heterozygous de novo missense ATP5F1A variants that presented with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. All variants were located at the contact points between the α- and β-subunits.

Single-dose infusion of engineered viral receptor binding domain confers rapid and durable protection against viral infection.

Developing both rapid- and long-acting antiviral drugs for single-dose administration can improve medication adherence and protect people at risk of infection. To provide proof of this concept, here, we designed multimerized form of viral receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to immediately occupy viral receptors to block infection and subsequently induce virus-specific protective immunity. We engineered SARS-CoV-2 RBD, enhancing its affinity to ACE2 and immunogenicity through multimerization and Fc modification.

Molecular landscape, subtypes, and therapeutic vulnerabilities of central nervous system solitary fibrous tumors.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare, aggressive mesenchymal neoplasms with high recurrence and metastasis rates. Here, we perform a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of 189 cases of CNS SFTs integrating 94 whole genome sequencing, 88 transcriptomics, 7 single-nucleus RNA sequencing and 3 spatial transcriptome sequencing. We find that receptor tyrosine kinase mutations are significantly more prevalent besides the widespread NAB2-STAT6 fusion and correlate with tumor grade.

Colonization Mechanism of Endophytes with Plants and Their Role in Pesticides Degradation.

Endophytes are beneficial microorganisms that reside within plant tissues, playing a vital role in plant growth and stress tolerance. Endophytes successfully colonize host plants by employing a range of mechanisms, including cell wall modification, modulation of phytohormones, secretion of effector proteins, and the production of antioxidants. Certain endophytes can efficiently break down specific pollutants such as pesticides in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere.

Synthesis of 2-Trifluoromethylindolines via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Chelation-Assisted C-H Bond Activation and Annulation of Anilines with CF-Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides.

Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and annulation of -pyrimidyl-substituted anilines with CF-imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides (TFISYs) have been disclosed, affording a variety of 2-trifluoromethylindolines that contain a quaternary carbon center. A cascade C-H imidoylmethylation, tautomerization, and intramolecular nucleophilic addition sequence is involved in the transformation. The reaction could be scaled up to 2 mmol.

Protease-lipase co-mediated cheese microstructural changes enhanced proteolysis and lipolysis kinetics during in vitro dynamic digestion for the elderly.

Cheese, a nutrient-dense protein-lipid matrix, poses digestion challenges in the elderly populations due to age-related physiological decline. Using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model, this study evaluated the synergistic effects of Protease-DS (P-DS) and Lipase-AP12 (L-AP) supplementation on cheese proteolysis/lipolysis kinetics in elderly conditions. P-DS selectively disrupted protein networks, while L-AP enhanced oil droplet hydrolysis, and their combination synergistically accelerated cheese matrix degradation.