Recent Advances in Improving the Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Performance of Atomically Dispersed Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts.

Atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts are regarded as ideal catalytic materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) under alkaline conditions. Compared with other ORR catalysts, M-N-C catalysts exhibit notable advantages, including low cost, high atomic utilization efficiency, and considerable catalytic potential. We provide a systematic review of recent research advances in enhancing the ORR performance of M-N-C catalysts, focusing on catalytic activity and stability.

Synthesis and properties of mirror-like large-grain graphite films.

Graphite films with large grain sizes have been reportedly obtained by using metal as catalysts, but the obtained graphite is mostly heavily wrinkled, thus containing defects that degrade its properties. We report the synthesis of mirror-like and large-grained graphite films with only a few nano kinks and controllable dimensions, achieved by using flat Ni-Mo alloy melts of the same lateral dimensions as the metal foils used to make this alloy melt. The graphite film exhibited few nano kinks and a mirror-like appearance because the deliberate evaporation of much of the Ni produced a porous substrate, which in turn dramatically weakened the substrate-graphite film interaction before cooling.

The Regulation of Local Li Coordination Environment for High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte.

Quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) have attracted significant attention for their good flexibility and superior interfacial contact with electrodes, while their low room temperature ionic conductivity remains challenging. Polymer structure design and plasticizers introduction are reported to be effective in enhancing the ionic conductivity of QSPEs. However, current research predominantly focuses on enhancing lithium-ion conductivity via improved polymer chain mobility, yet critically overlooks how plasticizer/polymer-modulated Li coordination environments govern ion transport heterogeneity, ultimately constraining the achievable upper limits of ionic conduction efficiency.

Surface amorphization enables robust catalyst for industrial-level low-potential electrooxidation reactions.

Electrooxidation of pollutants at potentials near or below the thermodynamic hydrogen evolution potential offers transformative opportunities for energy-efficient pollutant valorization and diverse energy devices. However, existing catalysts suffer from rapid deactivation due to the inevitable overoxidation. Herein, we present an amorphous phosphorus-doped CoFe₂O₄ catalyst that achieves industrial-level current densities (1 A cm⁻²) at ultralow potentials (0.

Wenxia Changfu Formula inhibits NSCLC metastasis by halting TAMs-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via antagonisticallymodulating CCL18.

Our previous research demonstrated that the Wenxia Changfu Formula (WCF), as a neoadjuvant therapy, inhibits M2 macrophage infiltration in the tumor microenvironment and prevents lung cancer metastasis. Given tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), this study investigated whether WCF impedes lung cancer metastasis by attenuating TAM-induced EMT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Utilizing a co-culture model treated with or without WCF, we observed that WCF downregulated cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) expression in macrophages, reduced CCL18 levels in the conditioned medium, and inhibited the growth, invasion, and EMT of NSCLC cells induced by macrophage co-culture.

Electron donor-acceptor complex of aryl sulfonium salt enabling hydrogen/halogen atom transfer: C(sp)-H alkylation of glycine derivatives and late-stage modification of peptides.

Disclosed herein is the first example of visible-light-promoted C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation a radical-radical coupling strategy, enabled by a sequential intermolecular charge transfer and atom transfer steps, for synthesizing unnatural amino acids and modifying peptides.

Dapagliflozin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy via NRF2 protein upregulation-driven glutathione synthesis to inhibit myocardial ferroptosis.

Aims: Ferroptosis has emerged as a critical pathological mechanism contributing to the development and progression of type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) with established cardiovascular benefits, however, DAPA's efficacy in modulating ferroptosis during type 2 DCM remains to be elucidated.

Methods And Fundings: In vivo, using a spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model, we conducted proteomic profiling revealing distinct myocardial ferroptosis signatures associated with dysregulated glutathione metabolism across normal control, GK and GK + DAPA groups.

The Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors in Macrophage Polarization.

Macrophage polarization, a dynamic process crucial for immune responses and tissue homeostasis, is tightly regulated by transcription factors. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization holds significant therapeutic implications for various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Studies have shown that transcription factors, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), BTB and CNC homology (BACH), CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs), kruppel-like factors (KLFs), Cellular Myc (c-Myc), the SNAIL family, v-Maf Musculoaponeurotic Fibrosarcoma Oncogene Homolog (Maf), and hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIFα), are highly involved in shaping macrophage polarization.

Construction and application of a large capacity VNAR library from the whitespotted bamboo shark ().

Fifty whitespotted bamboo sharks () of both sexes were used to establish a large capacity variable domain of the new antigen receptor (VNAR) library with a total capacity of over 10 colony-forming units (CFU). It was applied to screen VNARs against human serum albumin (HSA) and human transcription factor EB (TFEB), respectively. Meanwhile, VNAR libraries specific to HSA and TFEB with capacities above 10 CFU were obtained following conventional immunization.

Liquid metal based electroconductive artificial periosteum boosts bone regeneration.

AbstarctPeriosteum plays an important role in the growth and regeneration of bone tissue. The development of artificial periosteum has attracted researchers' interest. Based on the sensitivity of bone tissue to electrical stimulation (ES), the development of electroconductive artificial periosteum is particularly crucial.

The impact of copper-induced oxidative damage on the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system in broiler kidneys.

Copper (Cu) is a pervasive element utilized in economic animal production. However, overuse can have toxic effects on animals and threaten public food safety. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying Cu-induced nephrotoxicity, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the effects of Cu on the renal endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system.

DEK-nucleosome structure shows DEK modulates H3K27me3 and stem cell fate.

DEK is a highly conserved chromatin-associated oncoprotein that has important roles in regulating chromatin dynamics and stem cell fate. Dysregulation of DEK is associated with stem cell dysfunction and cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia. Despite its importance in chromatin regulation, the structural mechanisms underlying DEK's interaction with chromatin and its influence on gene regulation remain poorly understood.

Nickel nano-network facilitates short-path hydrogen spillover for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution with high-current-densities.

Oxide-supported catalysts are constrained by their inherently poor conductivity and isolated active sites, which hinder their ability to demonstrate effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity at high-current-densities. Here, we developed an alkaline HER catalyst comprising a nano-network assembled by Ni nanoparticles grown on MoO nanowires. Owing to the short-path hydrogen spillover and rapid electron transfer facilitated by the Ni nano-network, the catalyst achieves a current density of 1000 mA cm at an extremely low overpotential of 165 mV, with a remarkable stability under high-current-densities.

Progression in the In Vitro Macrophage Expansion.

Macrophages play essential roles in homeostasis and disease, and they were considered terminally differentiated cells that cannot proliferate. However, growing evidence shows that macrophages can self-renew in homeostasis and multiple pathological states in vivo and artificial induction in vitro. With the rise of immune cell therapy based on macrophages, large-scale in vitro expansion of macrophages has become more and more urgent.

Underground well water level observation grid dataset from 2005 to 2022.

Groundwater, a vital hydrological cycle component, is essential in sustaining ecosystem functions and human livelihoods. The dataset presented herein, derived from the China Geological Environment Monitoring Groundwater Level Yearbook (2005-2022) compiled by the China Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, integrates long-term observational data from groundwater monitoring wells across China. The dataset comprises 11,911 monitoring points and 4,275,506 observation records, with each site providing five observations per month.

4,4'-Dimethoxychalcone Mitigates Neuroinflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury Through Modulation of the TREM2/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Research on 4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (DMC) in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is extremely limited, and no effective clinical treatments are available to improve outcomes for individuals with TBI. Our study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which DMC may alleviate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage following TBI. This study seeks to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of future pharmacological therapies for TBI.

d-Band Center Regulation Facilitated by Asymmetrical Ligand in the Atomically Dispersed Iron Site toward Promoting Oxygen Electrocatalysis Activities.

The prosperity of aqueous rechargeable Zn-air batteries is hindered by the discontent performance of the oxygen electrocatalyst in the cathode. An important catalyst for oxygen electrocatalyst is an atomically dispersed iron atom embedded in the nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-NC) material. However, the unsuitable binding energy between the center Fe atom and the reaction intermediate leads to the sluggish oxygen electrocatalyst reaction rate.

Encapsulation of Monoterpene Phenols in Protein-Stabilized Nanoemulsions for Improved Wound Healing.

Monoterpene phenols have antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic properties, but their natural volatility and hydrophobicity limit their biomedical applications. In this work, we developed an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) stabilized by proteins (i.e.

A super-slippery graphene film enables highly reversible superdense deposition of a lithium metal anode.

Ultraconformal and stretchable graphene films are expected to be an ideal artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). A stacked graphene nanosheet film (SGNF) that can easily interlayer slip achieves columnar superdense lithium deposition to inhibit side reactions. The lithium metal anode with optimized SGNF demonstrates exceptional stability (over 5000 hours).

Effects of Brown Algae () Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Health of Largemouth Bass ().

This study used largemouth bass (initial average weight: 33.33 ± 1.8 g) to explore the effects of adding different brown algae extracts to feed on the fish's growth, immunity and intestinal health.

In Situ Reconstruction of the Ceramic Particle Surface Boosting High-Performance and Ultrathin Hybrid Solid-State Electrolyte.

Garnet-based solid electrolytes endow lithium-based batteries with higher safety and energy density as compared to those of conventional lithium-ion batteries. The dry process is a promising fabrication method to eliminate energy-intensive drying and solvent recovery steps, preventing degradation of garnet-based electrolytes during the production of garnet-based solid electrolytes. However, owing to the poor ion conduction of LiCO formed on ceramic particles, garnet-based composite solid electrolytes synthesized by the dry processing method normally exhibit unsatisfactory ionic conductivity.

DET induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor invasion in glioma cells via PI3K/AKT pathway.

Introduction: Gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (GBM), are highly aggressive with a poor prognosis and low survival rate. Currently, deoxyelephantopin (DET) has shown promising anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Using clinical prognostic analysis, molecular docking, and network pharmacology, this study aims to explore the primary targets and signaling pathways to identify novel GBM treatment approaches.

Dual additives enabling high-performance solid polymer electrolytes for stable cycling of lithium metal batteries.

CuF and LiBOB were co-introduced into polycarbonate-based polymer electrolytes (PVT-CB) to overcome the trade-offs between ionic conduction and interfacial stability, resulting in improved ionic conductivity (8.4 × 10 S cm) and enhanced electrochemical stability (5.04 V Li/Li).

LC-MS/MS-Based Concurrent Quantification of Cannabidiol and Melatonin in Mouse Plasma to Elucidate Complex PK Interactions.

This study aimed to develop a quantitative analytical method for the simultaneous determination of cannabidiol (CBD) and melatonin (MT) in mouse plasma using the protein precipitation method coupled with LC-MS/MS. Additionally, this study sought to investigate the impact of CBD on the pharmacokinetics of MT in mice using this method. Mouse plasma samples were precipitated with acetonitrile and analyzed using a Kromasil 100-5-C8 (2.

Constructing Quasi-Localized High-Concentration Solvation Structures to Stabilize Battery Interfaces in Nonflammable Phosphate-Based Electrolyte.

Flame-retardant phosphate-based electrolytes effectively enhance lithium-ion battery safety but suffer from poor compatibility with graphite anodes and high-voltage cathodes, hindering scalability. Fluorinated phosphates, though widely used, increase interfacial resistance at the anode, degrading performance. In this work, carbonate solvents with strong polarity are introduced to prevent tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) from participating in the solvation structure of lithium ions.