Navigating the lunar frontier: one hundred landing sites at the south pole for future mission challenges.

Despite humanity's many lunar missions to the equatorial and mid-latitude regions, the south pole remains uncharted because of its exceptionally harsh conditions. The quest for water ice and the drive to establish lunar bases have positioned the south pole area above 80° latitude, characterized by permanently shaded regions and conducive to water ice preservation. However, the daunting terrain and intricate illumination in this area present significant challenges to engineering safety.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Granzyme K CD8 T Cells as a Target for Mitigating Plaque Instability Following Radiation.

Background: Cardiac issues following radiotherapy are increasingly prevalent among patients with thoracic cancer and coronary disease. However, the mechanisms underlying radiotherapy-induced plaque instability and changes in plaque characteristics on imaging remain unclear. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify key features of vulnerable plaques following radiotherapy.

Astragalus polysaccharides restore neutrophil functions and gut microbiota homeostasis in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in periparturient cows is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and energy metabolism disorders. Although in vitro studies show that free fatty acids (FFA) and BHB impair polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions-potentially causing secondary infections-limited in vivo evidence exists. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) modulate metabolism, immunity, and gut microbiota, but their effects on PMN functions and gut microbiota in SCK cows remain unclear.

Toward Imaging of the GABA Transporter Type 1 In Vivo: Quantitative Evaluation of 4 Novel PET Radiotracers in Nonhuman Primates.

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA transporter type 1 (GAT-1) is the principal GABA transporter in the brain, and it plays a crucial role in modulating GABA signaling. Its potential role in several neuropsychiatric disorders makes it an important target to study.

The relationship between PAEs components profile of real-world household airborne dust and total DNA demethylation potential in vitro.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) existed in household environment globally, and household airborne dust PAEs (HD-PAEs) have garnered significant attention due to their endocrine-like toxicity. In on-site study investigating PAE contamination from 60 households across three Chinese cities, we analyzed 43 dust samples for specific PAE components and conducted comprehensive total DNA demethylation potential (TDP) toxicity assays. Ten congeners were detected across all cities (130.

Proteomic insights into lipid degradation and volatile compound changes during foxtail millet storage.

Foxtail millet quality deteriorates during storage, but the mechanisms behind aging-related changes are not fully understood. This study investigated lipid degradation and volatile compound changes in stored foxtail millets, employing proteomics to uncover underlying quality decline mechanisms. After 30 days, fatty acid contents increased, accompanied by a general coarser grain surface texture.

Unveiling the X-ray-Induced Rabi Dynamics in Resonant Auger Fragment Spectra.

Vibrationally resolved resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) on bound-continuum transitions enables highly sensitive probing of ultrafast dissociation in molecular core-excited states, where a distinct fragment band arises from Auger decay in dissociation fragments. Here, we theoretically investigate fragment band formation driven by ultrashort X-ray pulses. Unlike conventional molecular bands, fragment RAS peaks exhibit an insensitivity to strong X-ray Rabi oscillations.

Functional Study of the BMP Signaling Pathway in Appendage Regeneration of .

Appendage autotomy frequently occurs during the cultivation of , which severely impacts its survival and economic benefits. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying appendage regeneration in , this study presents a comparative transcriptome analysis on samples from different stages of appendage regeneration in individuals of the same family of . A total of 6460 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the samples collected at 0 h post-autotomy (D0) and those collected at 18 h post-autotomy (D18h).

V-Induced Low-Spin State Mn Suppresses Jahn-Teller Distortion for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

The Jahn-Teller distortion caused by high-spin state Mn (t e ) is a major limiting factor for improving both the specific capacity and cycling stability of MnO cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Thus, an intrinsic strategy for optimizing MnO involves the effective elimination of the high-spin state Mn (t e ) during electrochemical process. Herein, we focus on structural design that constructed NHVO-coated MnO (Mn@V) nanorods to achieve the low-spin state of Mn (t e ) and inhibit the Jahn-Teller distortion.

The role of miR-10b-5p in prostate cancer and its exosome-mediated angiogenesis effect.

Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a major cause of cancer-related mortality globally, underscoring the critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the oncogenic function of miR-10b-5p in PCa progression and evaluates its potential as both a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.

Methods: miR-10b-5p was initially identified as a candidate oncogene through bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PCa data, followed by validation of its expression levels in clinical PCa specimens via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Gastric metastasis subsequent to renal cell carcinoma surgery: a case report.

Gastric metastasis of renal cancer involves the dissemination of renal cancer cells to the stomach via hematogenous or lymphatic routes, leading to the formation of metastatic tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a highly aggressive malignant tumor, exhibits a significant propensity for metastasis. Common metastatic sites include the lung, bone, liver, and brain.

[Clinical and histological evaluation of three-dimensional printing individualized titanium mesh for alveolar bone defect repair].

Objectives: To evaluate the osteogenic efficacy of three-dimensional printing individualized titanium mesh (3D-PITM) as a scaffold material in guided bone regeneration (GBR).

Methods: 1) Patients undergoing GBR for alveolar bone defects were enrolled as study subjects, and postoperative healing complications were recorded. 2) Postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans acquired at least 6 months post-surgery were used to calculate the percentage of actual bone formation volume.

Complications and recurrence risks after endoscopic resection of digestive neuroendocrine tumors: a retrospective study.

Background: Peri-and postoperative complications and recurrences are associated with the endoscopic surgical procedures for neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection and mucosal resection for neuroendocrine tumors in the digestive system.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, variables of minimally invasive endoscopic treatments and follow-up recurrences of 100 males and females with neuroendocrine tumors of gastric, duodenal, and rectal lesions were collected from records and analyzed.

Investigating the role of transposable elements in shaping abdominal fat and egg production phenotypic traits in geese.

While transposable elements (TE) are critical drivers of genomic diversity, their influence on phenotypic traits in geese remain largely unexplored, primarily because most research has focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). In this study, we identified 157,044 TE absence polymorphisms (TAP) in the genome of 566 Sichuan White geese through whole-genome resequencing (with an average coverage depth of 12.44 ×) to evaluate their influence across different populations, and we extended our investigation to include a TE genome-wide association study (TE-GWAS) encompassing 48 traits, with a particular focus on abdominal fat weight.

NRF2 Deficiency in Bladder Epithelial Cells Owing to Ubiquitination by N6-Methyladenosine-Modified TRIM21 Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Aggravate IC/BPS.

Background: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) has become a pressing clinical issue due to its unclear etiology and severe, persistent pelvic pain. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of IC/BPS remains unresolved, and current treatments primarily target symptom relief rather than addressing underlying disease mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) on IC/BPS and the potential molecular mechanisms.

High-speed 3D DNA PAINT and unsupervised clustering for unlocking 3D DNA origami cryptography.

DNA origami information storage is a promising alternative to silicon-based data storage, offering a secure molecular cryptography technique that conceals information within arbitrarily folded DNA origami nanostructures. Routing, sliding, and interlacing staple strands lead to the creation of a large 700-bit key size. The realization of practical DNA data storage requires high information density, robust security, and accurate and rapid information retrieval.

Survey on the disease spectrum of Chinese patients at the outpatient clinic of the 30th Chinese medical aid team in Guinea.

Objective: To analyze the disease spectrum of Chinese patients attending the 24-hour outpatient clinic of the 30th Chinese medical aid team in Guinea, providing a theoretical basis for improving medical service quality.

Methods: Patients visiting the outpatient clinic from November 1, 2023, to December 31, 2024, were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on demographics, primary diagnoses, comorbidities, and management approaches were analyzed.

Multi-scale effects of runoff time series and its improved prediction methods.

The accuracy of cross-time-scale runoff prediction is affected by data characteristics, and accuracy improvement is challenging. This study examined 18,250 global hydrological stations, identified the multi-scale effect of runoff time series (MSER), and proposed an MSER-based improved prediction method (MSEIP). It introduced models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR), and evaluation metrics, including optimization proportion (OP) and optimization efficiency (OE), for comparative analysis.

Amyloid-β-driven Alzheimer's disease reshapes the colonic immune system in mice.

The "gut-brain axis" is an emerging target in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although its immunological features remain poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, coupled to extensive spectral-tuning flow cytometry validation of the colon immune compartment in the 5XFAD amyloid-β mouse model, we found several AD-associated changes including in B/plasma cell activity. Notably, levels of CXCR4 antibody-secreting cells are reduced in 5XFAD colons.

Efficacy of 3D-Printed Bioactive Glass Tetrahedral Particles for Vertical Bone Regeneration: A Comparative Study.

This study was designed to systematically evaluate the osteogenic efficacy of 3D-printed tetrahedral bioactive glass particles in vertical bone regeneration and compare their performance with that of conventional bone substitute materials. In this investigation, 3D tetrahedral bioactive glass particles were fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing technology. The structural integrity and chemical composition of the particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm their conformity to design specifications.

Clinical analysis of dry eye after refractive surgery in army recruits in 2024.

Dry eye is among the most prevalent complications following refractive surgery, significantly impacting the training and daily lives of recruits. While recent years we have witnessed some advancements in understanding the occurrence and progression of dry eye, the specific effects of refractive surgery on this condition remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of refractive surgery on dry eye among 300 army recruits.

DeepAnnotation: A novel interpretable deep learning-based genomic selection model that integrates comprehensive functional annotations.

Background: Genomic selection, which leverages genomic information to predict the breeding value of individuals, has dramatically accelerated the improvement of economically important traits. The growing availability of multiomics data in agricultural species offers an unprecedented opportunity to enrich this process with prior biological knowledge. However, fully harnessing these rich data sources for accurate phenotype prediction in genomic selection remains in its early stages.

Widely Targeted Metabolomics Decodes Metabolic Remodeling and Functional Shifts in -Fermented Green Tea Infusion.

This study used a targeted metabolomics approach to examine changes in metabolites within green tea infusions fermented by (TFG) and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties of TFG. Fermentation decreased tea polyphenols, flavonoids, caffeine, soluble sugars, theaflavins, and catechins, while increasing free amino acids and theabrownins. The microbial bioconversion process led to the generation of decorated flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, nucleotides, and amino acids.

Regulatory Effect of PGE-EP2/EP4 Receptor Pathway on -Induced Inflammatory Factors in Dairy Cow Neutrophils.

Naturally occurring prostaglandin E (PGE) influences cytokine production regulation in bovine neutrophils exposed to Rosenbach. Here, we employed bovine neutrophils as the primary experimental system, and administered specific inhibitors targeting various receptors, which were subsequently exposed to . Cytokine expression levels in dairy cow neutrophils induced by via the endogenous PGE-EP2/4 receptor pathway were investigated, and its effects on P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), P65 activation, and phagocytic function in Rosenbach-induced dairy cow neutrophils, were examined.

Train your robot in AR: insights and challenges for humans and robots in continual teaching and learning.

Supportive robots that can be deployed in our homes will need to be understandable, operable, and teachable by non-expert users. This calls for an intuitive Human-Robot Interaction approach that is also safe and sustainable in the long term. Still, few studies have looked at interactive task learning in repeated, unscripted interactions within loosely supervised settings.