Multi-scale effects of runoff time series and its improved prediction methods.

The accuracy of cross-time-scale runoff prediction is affected by data characteristics, and accuracy improvement is challenging. This study examined 18,250 global hydrological stations, identified the multi-scale effect of runoff time series (MSER), and proposed an MSER-based improved prediction method (MSEIP). It introduced models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR), and evaluation metrics, including optimization proportion (OP) and optimization efficiency (OE), for comparative analysis.

Changes of in vivo electrical conductivity in the brain and torso related to age, fat fraction and sex using MRI.

This work was inspired by the observation that a majority of MR-electrical properties tomography studies are based on direct comparisons with ex vivo measurements carried out on post-mortem samples in the 90's. As a result, the in vivo conductivity values obtained from MRI in the megahertz range in different types of tissues (brain, liver, tumors, muscles, etc.) found in the literature may not correspond to their ex vivo equivalent, which still serves as a reference for electromagnetic modelling.

Ursolic acid alleviates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy through PPARγ activation.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) reduces the overall quality of life and leads to interruption of chemotherapy. Ursolic acid, a triterpenoid naturally which presents in fruit peels and in many herbs and spices, can function as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, and has been widely used as an herbal medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect.

Methods: We used a phenotypic drug screening approach to identify ursolic acid as a potential neuroprotective drug in vitro and in vivo and carried out additional biochemical experiments to identify its mechanism of action.

Phantom evaluation of electrical conductivity mapping by MRI: Comparison to vector network analyzer measurements and spatial resolution assessment.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of various MR electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT) methods at 3 T in terms of absolute quantification and spatial resolution limit for electrical conductivity.

Methods: Absolute quantification as well as spatial resolution performance were evaluated on homogeneous phantoms and a phantom with holes of different sizes, respectively. Ground-truth conductivities were measured with an open-ended coaxial probe connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA).

An Adaptative Savitzky-Golay Kernel for Laplacian Estimation in Magnetic Resonance Electrical Property Tomography.

Magnetic Resonance electrical property tomography (MR-EPT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that reconstructs the living biological tissue's conductivity σ and ε permittivity using spatial derivatives of the measured RF field, also termed B1 data, in a magnetic resonance imaging system. The spatial derivative operator, particularly the Laplacian, amplifies the noise in the reconstructed electrical property (EP) maps, hence decreasing accuracy and increasing boundary artifacts. We propose a novel adaptative convolution kernel for generating numerical derivatives based on 3D Savitzky-Golay (SG) filters and local segmentation in a magnitude image.

RNA splicing factors in normal hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies: novel therapeutic targets and strategies.

RNA splicing, a crucial transesterification-based process by which noncoding regions are removed from premature RNA to create mature mRNA, regulates various cellular functions, such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Clinical and functional studies over the past 10 y have confirmed that mutations in RNA splicing factors are among the most recurrent genetic abnormalities in hematologic neoplasms, including myeloid malignancies, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and clonal hematopoiesis. These findings indicate an important role for splicing factor mutations in the development of clonal hematopoietic disorders.

MSC-derived exosomes protect against oxidative stress-induced skin injury via adaptive regulation of the NRF2 defense system.

Oxidative stress is a major cause of skin injury induced by damaging stimuli such as UV radiation. Currently, owing to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo), as a nanotherapeutic agent, have attracted considerable attention. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MSC-Exo on oxidative injury in HO-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes and UV-irradiated wild type and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) knocked down cell and animal models.

Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Improves Neurological Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury in Aged Mice: Involvement of Sirt3.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, possesses potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering TBI happens frequently in adults, especially in aged individuals, we herein sought to define the protective effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMWF) in the aged mice.