Bruceine A derivative P1 alleviates renal inflammation via Tnfrsf12a pathway in diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the predominant driver of end-stage renal disease globally, remains therapeutic option in clinical practice. Bruceine A (BA) demonstrates nephroprotective properties, however, its clinical translation has been hindered by dose-limiting toxicities. We synthesized BA derivatives P1 to overcome the limitation, presenting a novel therapeutic candidate for DN management.

Ag/TA@CNC Reinforced Hydrogel Dressing with Enhanced Adhesion and Antibacterial Activity.

Developing multifunctional wound dressings with excellent mechanical properties, strong tissue adhesion, and efficient antibacterial activity is crucial for promoting wound healing. This study prepared a novel nanocomposite hydrogel dressing based on sodium alginate-polyacrylic acid dual crosslinking networks, incorporating tannic acid-coated cellulose nanocrystals (TA@CNC) and in-situ reduced silver nanoparticles for multifunctional enhancement. The rigid CNC framework significantly improved mechanical properties (elastic modulus of 146 kPa at 1 wt%), while TA catechol groups provided excellent adhesion (36.

Enhanced Menaquinone Biosynthesis by Engineering 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate Synthase MenD to Alleviate Feedback Inhibition in .

Vitamin K (menaquinones, MKs), a group of fat-soluble vitamins with a 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone core, plays vital roles in bone metabolism and cardiovascular health. Although microbial biosynthesis has become the primary method for MKs production, regulatory constraints and metabolic bottlenecks in the MK pathway limit its production efficiency. In this study, we identified that 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), an intermediate in the MK pathway of , exerts feedback inhibition on the key enzyme 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase MenD.

Competitive Crystallization Modulated Phase-Homogeneous Wide-Bandgap Perovskites for Monolithic Perovskite-Organic Tandem Solar Cells.

Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites with tunable bandgaps can be integrated into organic solar cells to construct tandem solar cells (TSCs), enabling the device to exceed the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. However, ionic mismatches and crystallization kinetics in WBG perovskites trigger inhomogeneous phase distribution and defects. In this work, a triphenyl phosphate (Tri-PyPA) is utilized to modulate Br/I competitive crystallization and compositional distribution.

Thyroiditis and human blood metabolites: A mendelian randomization study.

Background: The risk factors for thyroiditis, an inflammatory disease with a complex etiology, remain poorly understood. Blood metabolites are known to change during thyroiditis development, suggesting a close relationship between blood metabolites and thyroiditis progression. However, evidence for a causal link is lacking.

DHPSFU: a Fiji plugin for fast and accurate double helix-PSF 3D single-molecule localisation microscopy.

The double-helix point-spread function (DH-PSF) is one of the most used PSFs for large depth-of-field 3D single-molecule localisation microscopy. Due to its popularity, many algorithms have been developed to analyse experimental DH-PSF data, either based on dedicated DH-PSF fitting or on generalised PSF fitting, typically using cubic splines. We show here that the most popular implementations of both these approaches have limitations in terms of localisation performance, processing speed or user-friendliness.

Ambient Processing of High-Efficiency Organic Solar Modules Enabled by Radical Scavengers.

The pronounced efficiency disparity between ambient-air-fabricated organic solar cells (OSCs) and nitrogen-glovebox-processed devices poses a major obstacle to industrial-scale manufacturing. The instability of the organic electron transport layer (ETL) materials in air undoubtedly affects the carrier transport properties, which significantly reduces the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices. Here, based on the antioxidant strategy, the stability of PDINN in air is enhanced by doping PDINN with the antioxidant C-OH, thereby successfully achieving the all-air preparation of OSCs.

Diesel exhaust particles induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction through inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEPs) emitted by diesel engines represent a substantial contributor to ambient particulate matter. Extensive research has demonstrated that DEPs pose significant risks to human health. This study seeks to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DEPs-induced dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

The phenotype and functionality of spike-specific CD4 T cells after COVID-19 vaccination associates with time after transplantation in transplant recipients.

A primary series of two mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccinations did not induce robust antibody and T cell responses in a large proportion of kidney (KTR) and lung (LTR) transplant recipients. Interestingly, some of these transplant recipients showed spike-specific T cell responses without detectable antibodies. In order to improve the immunogenicity of vaccines in this vulnerable population, this finding warrants in-depth investigation of the spike-specific CD4 T cell phenotype and functionality in these patients.

Bayberry tannin-functionalized melamine foam: A recyclable scaffold for nZVI-catalyzed metronidazole reductive degradation.

The presence of metronidazole (MNZ) in medical wastewater poses a potential threat to environmental safety and people's health. Herein, we report an innovative strategy to fabricate a recyclable bayberry tannin (BT)-functionalized melamine foam (MF)-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (MFBT-Fe) catalyst for efficient MNZ degradation in medical wastewater. The through-pore structure of MF reduced mass transfer resistance in heterogeneous systems, while the amphiphilic BT stabilized nZVI via steric hindrance and chelating interactions and created a high-concentration MNZ microenvironment through hydrophobic combined with hydrogen bonding.

CAR Macrophages Engineered In Vivo for Attenuating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induces myocardial fibrosis that compromises cardiac function and electrical conduction, yet current clinical options remain inadequate. To address this unmet need, we explored macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating FAP CAR (FAP [fibroblast activation protein]-targeted chimeric antigen receptor) mRNA for in vivo generation of FAP CAR macrophages and evaluated their therapeutic potential in reducing myocardial fibrosis and improving cardiac function after myocardial I/R injury.

Methods: We formulated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine-doping ALC-0315 (an ionizable lipid) LNP to deliver FAP CAR mRNA to generate FAP CAR macrophages.

Zinc-Coordinated Trienzyme Nanogel Cascade Therapy for Accelerated Post-Pancreatectomy Cutaneous Wound Healing.

Orchestration of enzyme cascades in synthetic systems remains a major challenge for catalytic control in complex biological environments. Here, a zinc-coordinated tri-enzyme nanogel system (Zn@nGSC) is reported that mimics natural enzymatic assemblies by confining individual glucose oxidase (GOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) within an imidazole-functionalized polymeric nanogel matrix. The nanogel is fabricated via mild in situ polymerization combined with Zn⁺-imidazole coordination, yielding structurally stable multi-enzyme assemblies.

Revealing age-related changes in the intraocular microenvironment and senescence modulators using aqueous humor proteomics and machine learning.

Background: In conjunction with age, aqueous humor (AH) proteomics can affect the occurrence and development of age-related eye diseases, which are poorly understood.

Objective: We characterized the proteomic changes in AH throughout the aging process to better understand the aging mechanisms of the intraocular environment.

Methods: We analyzed the AH proteomes of 33 older and 19 younger individuals using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, from which we clustered similar expression trajectories of AH proteomics using local regression analysis.

Screening of Active Compounds Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Thunb. ex Murray Extracts.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) remains a persistent threat to global swine production, necessitating urgent development of targeted interventions. Our previous research established that Thunb. ex Murray (HJT) extract exhibited significant anti-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) activity both in vivo and in vitro.

The Potential Role of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2C (UBE2C) in Breast Cancer Progression by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway.

Background: We explored the relation and critical roles of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) in breast cancer (BC).

Methods: The UBE2C expression levels and relation with clinical features and prognosis in BC patients were examined using online data. UBE2C expression in BC cell lines was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot.

Linarin alleviates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting PDE4D and activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a major consequence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, lacks effective treatments. The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway regulates lipid metabolism, and inhibition of its upstream target PDE4D alleviates MAFLD progression. Linarin, a natural flavonoid glycoside with hepatoprotective properties, remains underexplored for MAFLD mechanisms.

Interpretable Prediction and Analysis of PVA Hydrogel Mechanical Behavior Using Machine Learning.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have emerged as versatile materials due to their exceptional biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties, showing great promise for flexible sensors, smart wound dressings, and tissue engineering applications. However, rational design remains challenging due to complex structure-property relationships involving multiple formulation parameters. This study presents an interpretable machine learning framework for predicting PVA hydrogel tensile strain properties with emphasis on mechanistic understanding, based on a comprehensive dataset of 350 data points collected from a systematic literature review.

Copper ion diffusion by solid solution treatment advancing GeTe-based thermoelectrics.

Coinage metals Cu and Ag are widely reckoned as effective dopants in thermoelectric materials due to their ability to optimise carrier concentration while preserving high carrier mobility, attributed to their inherent dynamic features. Traditionally, Cu/Ag ions are introduced through eutectic reactions, which inevitably result in interstitial doping. Here, we develop an innovative solid solution doping strategy that enables targeted doping, whereby Cu ions exclusively occupy host lattice sites rather than interstitial sites.

Spatially resolved proteomics surveys the chemo-refractory proteins related to high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is a lethal malignancy characterized by high incidence, mortality, and chemoresistance. However, its molecular drivers are unknown. In this study, spatially resolved proteomics was applied to 1144 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue spots obtained by laser capture microdissection from 10 patients with HGSC and divergent carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP) responses.

Postmortem interval estimation based on the thermal developmental patterns of Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) in China.

Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) is a Calliphorid fly that is widely distributed throughout the Holarctic region with strong adaptability to cold and high-altitude environments. As a common sanitary pest, it is capable of transmitting a variety of pathogens and is one of the species of concern in public health. However, due to its cold-adaptability, it has become an ideal species for estimating the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin) in forensic entomology.

Leukemoid Reactions in Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND This article presents a rare case of pancreatic cancer complicated by a leukemoid reaction, alongside 4 similar cases treated at our hospital between 2016 and 2024. Leukemoid reactions are uncommon paraneoplastic manifestations, and their optimal management remains undefined. Herein, we systematically analyze the clinical characteristics and potential molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of tumor-associated leukemoid reactions, and summarize our diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Functional regimes define soil microbiome response to environmental change.

The metabolic activity of soil microbiomes has a central role in global nutrient cycles. Understanding how soil metabolic activity responds to climate-driven environmental perturbations is a key challenge. However, the ecological, spatial and chemical complexity of soils impedes understanding how these communities respond to perturbations.

Beyond physical recovery: investigating athletic identity as a mediator between social support and psychological readiness for return to sport.

Objective: Despite consensus on the positive relationships between social support, psychological readiness for returning to sport, and athletic identity, debate persists regarding the specific impact of these factors on athletes' athletic identity and psychological readiness. This study investigated athletic identity as a mediator between social support and psychological readiness for returning to sport.

Method: The research involved two phases.

Elevated ascitic interleukin-36 receptor antagonist mediates CD8T cell exhaustion in vitro in liver cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Interleukin-36 (IL-36) signaling pathway plays an important regulatory role in inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the modulatory function of IL-36 in CD8T cells that are involved in liver cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) has not been understood. Sixty-five liver cirrhotic patients (42 untainted ascites and 23 SBP patients) and 20 controls were included.

AdipoR2 enhances adipocyte thermogenesis in Tibetan pigs via AMPK-ACC signaling.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) gene is significantly upregulated in the subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissue of cold-resistant Tibetan pigs compared to cold-sensitive Landrace pigs under long-term cold exposure. Adiponectin interacts with its receptors on adipocyte membranes, initiating a signaling cascade that promotes thermogenesis. However, the specific role of AdipoR2 in thermogenesis within Tibetan pig adipocytes remains unclear.