The arginine-phenylalanine-amide neuropeptide receptor family: Physiological effects, drug development, and structural insights.

The arginine-phenylalanine-amide neuropeptide receptor family comprises a subclass within the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily with crucial roles in physiological regulation. These receptors recognize and bind neuropeptides with an arginine-phenylalanine-amide motif, thereby participating in a variety of biological processes such as energy metabolism, pain perception, and reproductive functions. In this review, we explore the physiological and pathological processes involving these receptors and delve into the structure-activity relationships of their ligand peptides, clarifying the key structural motifs within these neuropeptides that determine their biological activity, pharmacological potency, and receptor selectivity.

Ouabain alleviates -triggered inflammatory responses through dual regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity and M1 macrophage polarization.

Introduction: () is a highly drug-resistant pathogen responsible for chronic pulmonary inflammation in humans. The cardiac glycoside ouabain exhibits broad anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models, but its therapeutic potential against -induced pneumonia remains unexplored.

Methods: We investigated the role of ouabain in -induced inflammation using and  models.

Quantitative analysis of macular and optic disc microvascular parameters in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common chronic glomerulonephritis. The kidneys and eyes have structural and developmental similarities, but ocular microvascular changes in IgAN, especially in the macular and optic disc, are poorly studied. This study aimed to assess these microvascular parameters in IgAN patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) and explore their associations with clinical data.

Pan-Genome-Based Characterization of the PYL Transcription Factor Family in .

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone involved in regulating plant growth and responses to environmental stress. As receptors of ABA, pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL) proteins play a central role in initiating ABA signal transduction. In this study, a total of 30 genes were identified and classified into three sub-families (PYL I-III) in the pan-genome of 17 species, through phylogenetic analysis.

Mechanism and function of GPR3 regulated by a negative allosteric modulator.

Allosteric modulators have gained substantial interest in current GPCR drug discovery. Here, we present a mechanism of allosteric modulation involving the dimerization of GPR3, a promising drug target for metabolic diseases and central nervous system disorders. We show that GPR3 forms constitutive homodimers in live cells and reveal that the inhibitor AF64394 functions as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) specifically targeting dimeric GPR3.

The effects of exercise on oxidative stress MDA and SOD in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Systematic review of the effect of exercise intervention on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Databases such as Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from their inception to June 2024. PEDro was used to assess the quality of the literature, RevMan 5.

Genome-Wide Identification of DNA Methyltransferase and Demethylase in sect. Turanga and Their Potential Roles in Heteromorphic Leaf Development in .

DNA methylation, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DMTs) and demethylases (DMLs), is an important epigenetic modification that maintains genomic stability and regulates gene expression in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, a comprehensive characterization of these gene families in sect. Turanga remains lacking.

Construction of multiphysics coupling equations and study on flow field migration patterns in shallow buried goaf under air leakage conditions.

Shallow depth, near-level coal seams in the mining process mining fissures directly to the surface, by the atmospheric pressure, negative pressure ventilation and repeated mining and other factors, resulting in serious surface air leakage. Taking the 45,206 mining face in Sandaogou Coal Mine as the research object, this study aims to understand the migration patterns and influencing factors of flow fields in shallow buried goaf. The existence of air leakage channels was verified through SF gas release experiments conducted at both the surface and working face.

[Ionizing radiation-induced damage (IRD) to and repair mechanisms of the male reproductive system: Report of testicular function changes in a case of IRD].

Objective: To investigate the impact of ionizing radiation (IR) on the structure and function of the testis and provide some strategies for the prevention and treatment of IR-induced damage (IRD).

Methods: Using radiation dose simulation, semen analysis, hormone testing, electron microscopy and single-cell transcriptome sequencing, we assessed and analyzed a case of IRD. We established a mouse model of IRD to validate the results of single-cell sequencing, and investigated the specific biological mechanisms of IRD and potential strategies for its intervention.

FBF-1 and FBF-2 C-terminal intrinsically-disordered regions differentially regulate RNA-binding affinity.

PUF proteins (named for Pumilio and mRNA binding factor or FBF) are a family of RNA-binding proteins. FBF is a collective term for two PUF proteins, FBF-1 and FBF-2, that maintain germline stem cells. FBF binds the 3'UTR of target RNAs and together with partner proteins represses translation of mRNAs that promote differentiation.

Risk factors and clinical characteristics of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux in benign gallbladder diseases.

Background: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR) in benign gallbladder diseases, including gallbladder stone (GS), gallbladder polyp (GP), and gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GA).

Methods: We studied 578 patients with a normal pancreaticobiliary junction undergoing surgery for gallbladder diseases between December 2020 and January 2022. Of these, 80 patients had elevated bile amylase levels (> 110U/L) and were classified as OPBR patients; 498 comprised the control group.

[Mechanism of Yishen Jiangtang Decoction in regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome to improve renal damage in diabetic nephropathy db/db mice].

This study aims to explore the mechanism through which Yishen Jiangtang Decoction(YSJTD) regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-mediated NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome to improve diabetic nephropathy(DN) in db/db mice. Thirty db/db mice were randomly divided into the model group, YSJTD group, ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid(4-PBA) group, with 10 mice in each group. Additionally, 10 db/m mice were selected as the control group.

Will tourism cultural experience affect tourist citizenship behaviors? A case of the "Village Basketball League" in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province.

In the era of the experience economy, the tourist experience has become a key factor in the development of tourist destinations. Unlike traditional sightseeing experiences, tourism cultural experiences allow for engagement in cultural activities at the destination, thereby fostering a deeper emotional connection with the local community, which subsequently influences tourists' citizenship behavior. The "Village Basketball League" in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province is characterized as a form of tourism cultural experience with high integration and strong involvement.

Linear inverse association between prognostic nutritional index and colorectal cancer risk based on NHANES data.

Despite the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) serving as a crucial prognostic marker for predicting survival outcomes in cancer patients, its association with the risk of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is not well comprehended. We hypothesized that lower PNI levels are associated with a higher risk of CRC. The datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2016 were employed in this study, incorporating data on demographics, laboratory tests, and questionnaires.

Elevated ascitic interleukin-36 receptor antagonist mediates CD8T cell exhaustion in vitro in liver cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Interleukin-36 (IL-36) signaling pathway plays an important regulatory role in inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the modulatory function of IL-36 in CD8T cells that are involved in liver cirrhosis with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) has not been understood. Sixty-five liver cirrhotic patients (42 untainted ascites and 23 SBP patients) and 20 controls were included.

Modified CEUS LI-RADS With Perfluorobutane in Patients at High-Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (CEUS LI-RADS) 2017 version is based on pure-blood pool contrast agent, potentially unsuitable for perfluorobutane contrast agent with the Kupffer phase. This article aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of unmodified CEUS LI-RADS and modified CEUS LI-RADS using perfluorobutane for hepatocellular carcinoma by integrating published and original data from three medical centers. Comparison between unmodified and modified CEUS LI-RADS with perfluorobutane involved ranking the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and superiority index (SI) using an ANOVA arm-based model.

Subtype-specific causal effects of hypothyroidism on obstructive sleep apnea: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

This study investigates the subtype-specific causal relationships between hypothyroidism (HT) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) design. A two-sample MR analysis was conducted based on genome-wide association study summary statistics from European populations, including multiple HT subtypes and thyroid function indicators. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and leave-one-out analyses.

DNA methylation and demethylation in adipocyte biology: roles of DNMT and TET proteins in metabolic disorders.

Adipocytes play a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism throughout the body. Dysfunctional adipocyte biology is a primary factor in the development of metabolic disorders associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Over the past decades, the role of epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, in the development and regulation of adipocytes has been extensively elucidated.

Forecasting the Global Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease from 2021 to 2050: A Population-Based Study.

Vascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Predicting the burden of vascular disease and identifying modifiable key risk factors are critical for developing effective prevention strategies. This study aimed to project the global and regional burden of peripheral artery disease (PAD) from 2021 to 2050, with a specific focus on the impact of modifiable key risk factors and the potential benefits of their management.

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical evidence.

Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global chronic health challenge, demanding the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for NAFLD; however, current evidence is limited to preclinical studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in rodent models of NAFLD and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides attenuate lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in the NAFLD mouse by regulating AMPK/ACC/SREBP1 signaling pathway.

This study investigated the effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet in mice and its underlying mechanisms. Mice were divided into six groups: control, model, fenofibrate, and three CPP dosage groups (300, 200, 100 mg/kg). CPP reduced liver lipid accumulation, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels while increasing HDL-C, SOD, and GSH-Px levels (P < 0.

The bidirectional influence between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the state of depression and anxiety.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease with several complications that has a negative impact on patients' physical and mental health. People's life pressures are increasing as society develop, resulting in a series of adverse emotions. If it is not paid attention to for a long time, it will lead to depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders.

Ultrasonic flow ratio measured immediately after successful rotational atherectomy with stent implantation predicts major adverse cardiovascular events.

Introduction: The potential role of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and ultrasonic flow ratio (UFR) in predicting adverse outcomes in patients with successful rotational atherectomy (RA) and stent placement remains to be defined.

Methods: A total of 68 patients with highly calcific lesions, who underwent both QFR and UFR measurements after PCI with both RA and stenting, were enrolled. The major adverse coronary events (MACE) of 62 patients who completed 12-month follow-up were analyzed.

Advances in microneedle-based drug delivery system for metabolic diseases: structural considerations, design strategies, and future perspectives.

As the prevalence of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity continue to rise, the search for more effective and convenient treatments has become a crucial issue in medical research. Microneedles (MNs), as an innovative drug delivery system, have shown advantages in the treatment of metabolic diseases in recent years. MNs-based drug delivery system, which use MNs to deliver drugs directly to the subcutaneous tissue, improve drug bioavailability and reduce systemic side effects.

Transcriptomics-based exploration of ubiquitination-related biomarkers and potential molecular mechanisms in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: One of the most common and prevalent cancers is laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), which poses a great threat to the life and health of the patient. Nonetheless, it has been demonstrated that ubiquitination is crucial for the development and course of LSCC. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify biomarkers for ubiquitination-related genes (UbRGs) in LSCC.