Quantification of Lung Ventilation Using Four-Dimensional Dynamic Ultrashort Echo Time MRI for Differentiating Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry From Non-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects.

Background: Radiation-free four-dimensional (4D) dynamic ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE MRI) enables quantification of ventilation defects in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) populations.

Purpose: To quantify pulmonary ventilation using 4D UTE MRI in PRISm and COPD populations, and determine its ability to distinguish PRISm from non-COPD subjects.

Study Type: Prospective, cross-sectional.

Research progress on the role of peripheral nerves in wound healing.

Skin wound repair is critically regulated by peripheral nerves, whose injury or dysfunction represents a key factor impairing the healing of pathological wounds such as diabetic ulcers and deep burns. The mechanisms through which peripheral nerves participate in cutaneous wound healing primarily involve the modulation of immune responses, the regulation of stem cell niches, and the promotion of angiogenesis. Sensory neurons initiate and mediate essential local immune responses, contribute to the epidermal stem cell microenvironment, and support regenerative potential.

A Comprehensive Lateral Flow Strip Assay for On-Site mRNA Vaccine Quality Control in Decentralized Manufacturing.

The rapid adoption of mRNA-based vaccines highlights the critical need for on-site quality control (QC) methods, particularly in low-income countries with decentralized manufacturing. Existing techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), are resource-intensive, requiring specialized equipment and expertise. To address this, a comprehensive lateral flow strip assay (LFSA) has been developed to evaluate key mRNA quality attributes-5' capping efficiency, integrity, and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulation efficiency.

triggers type I interferon signaling to promote host defense against infection via mTORC1 activation.

Multidrug-resistant , a prevalent opportunistic pathogen in hospitals, presents a substantial risk to immunocompromised patients, triggering life-threatening conditions including pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat and eradicate multidrug-resistant infection. Our finding reveals that promotes the mice treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to defend against multidrug-resistant infection via the mTORC1-IFN-I signaling pathway.

Chiral polymer dots for ratiometric enantioselective monitoring of D-cysteine in the brains of Alzheimer's disease mice.

It is imperative to develop reliable chiral discrimination methods to detect enantiomer D-cysteine (D-Cys) involved in brain chemistry to further understand its functions in pathological and physiological events in brains. We herein fabricated an integrated polymer dot (Pdot)-based nanoprobe, BFD@Ch-pdots, derived from a newly designed chiral polymer and Cys-responsive dye for ratiometric imaging of D-Cys in cells and brains. The Pdots exhibited high enantioselectivity, good biocompatibility, and efficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.

Ellagic Acid Mediates the Delay of Dermal Fibroblast Senescence via CSNK2A1.

Objective: This research seeks to explore the impact of Ellagic Acid (EA) on the aging process of human dermal fibroblasts Hs68 cells and to uncover the mechanisms involved.

Methods: Senescence was induced in Hs68 cells with HO, followed by treatment with EA and CSNK2A1 inhibitor (Silmitasertib). Bioinformatics identified EA's downstream targets.

Association Between Whole Blood Cell-Derived Inflammatory Markers and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

BackgroundSepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a serious condition with a high mortality rate. Whole blood-derived inflammatory markers like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), are emerging prognostic indicators for various diseases. This study endeavors to unravel the link of these markers to all-cause mortality(ACM) in the SA-AKI population utilizing the MIMIC-IV database.

Bidirectional Hydrogen Spillover Enables High Activity Catalysts for Rechargeable Hydrogen Batteries.

Rechargeable hydrogen batteries exhibit superior electrochemical activity for hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR) in acidic media compared to alkaline counterparts, making them promising for large-scale energy storage. However, the development of efficient electrocatalysts for both HER and HOR in acidic media remains challenging, as conventional platinum-based catalysts face intrinsic limitations in simultaneously achieving high activity and long-term stability under harsh operating conditions. Herein, we introduce a bidirectional hydrogen spillover strategy to enable synergistic bifunctional HER/HOR catalysts for hydrogen batteries.

DHPSFU: a Fiji plugin for fast and accurate double helix-PSF 3D single-molecule localisation microscopy.

The double-helix point-spread function (DH-PSF) is one of the most used PSFs for large depth-of-field 3D single-molecule localisation microscopy. Due to its popularity, many algorithms have been developed to analyse experimental DH-PSF data, either based on dedicated DH-PSF fitting or on generalised PSF fitting, typically using cubic splines. We show here that the most popular implementations of both these approaches have limitations in terms of localisation performance, processing speed or user-friendliness.

Soft-tough polyacrylamide and polyacrylamide/polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate bilayer hydrogels for adaptive grasping and shape recognition.

Human skin achieves high sensitivity and a wide range of tactile perception through its gradient structure and the synergistic function of various receptors. However, significant challenges remain in achieving multifunctional synergy enhancement for artificial skin. This study develops a soft-tough bilayer gradient hydrogel based on a salting-out and ion coordination toughening strategy, achieving high sensitivity (7.

Effects of an Afrocentric Sexual Health Education Curriculum for Medical, Nursing, and Midwifery Students in Tanzania: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Phase 3 Trial.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest rates of sexual health challenges. Yet, sexual health curricula for health students are rare. To advance research on the effects of such a curricula, we conducted the first randomized controlled trial of a sexual health curriculum for health students.

Controlling transient and coupled diffusion with pseudoconformal mapping.

Diffusion in physical, chemical, and biological systems often occurs under transient conditions and involves coupling across multiple physical fields, challenging conventional control methods limited to steady-state, single-field settings. Here, we present a general geometric framework for regulating diffusion in time-dependent and multiphysics-coupled environments based on pseudoconformal mapping. This method preserves material isotropy and ensures smooth interface matching, enabling robust and flexible modulation of diffusion governed by Fick's second law and beyond.

Organoid scaffold materials: research and application.

In recent years, organoid research has witnessed remarkable progress, yet significant challenges remain in organoid construction. As fundamental architectural frameworks, organoid scaffolds play a pivotal role in facilitating three-dimensional tissue morphogenesis by delivering crucial biochemical and mechanical signals during organoid development. A systematic examination of scaffold functions in organoid culture systems, coupled with a critical assessment of different scaffold modalities, not only deepens our understanding of organoid biology and their microenvironment but also provides valuable insights for next-generation scaffold design.

Out-Of-Distribution Generalization on Graphs: A Survey.

Graph machine learning has been extensively studied in both academia and industry. Although booming with a vast number of emerging methods and techniques, most of the literature is built on the in-distribution hypothesis, i.e.

K-Edge-Inspired Selenomelanin Hydrogel: An X-Ray Filtering Biomaterial for Skin Protection in Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is widely employed in cancer treatment, yet its inevitable side effects, particularly radiation dermatitis (RD), remain a significant concern. Numerous studies focus on alleviating RD symptoms, but approaches to minimize the radiation dose to the skin are underexplored. Shielding skin-damaging photons (10-20 keV) holds promise for skin dose reduction; however, this strategy is hindered by inadequate shielding efficiency of current RD biomaterials and overshielding by conventional high-Z materials which attenuate therapeutic high-energy photons.

Investigation of key ferroptosis-associated genes and potential therapeutic drugs for asthma based on machine learning and regression models.

Bronchial asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease, with ferroptosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death, contributing to its pathogenesis by inducing airway epithelial damage, inflammatory infiltration, and airway remodeling. Investigating ferroptosis-related characteristic genes and potential therapeutic compounds may enhance asthma management. This study employed differential analysis and machine learning to identify ferroptosis-related characteristic genes in asthma using the GSE179156 dataset and FerrDb V2 database.

Comparison of Two MPTP Doses on Mouse Behaviors and Pathologies.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the selective and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) within neurons, and gliosis. The mouse model induced by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is one of the most commonly utilized animal models for PD; however, its ability to accurately replicate the full spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms remains contentious. In this study, we employed novel MPTP administration regimens (160 and 240 mg/kg) to examine the behavioral phenotype and pathological alterations induced by MPTP injury, utilizing a combination of behavioral, molecular, and morphological methodologies.

Early warning and stratification of the elderly cardiopulmonary dysfunction-related diseases: multicentre prospective study protocol.

Introduction: In China, there is a lack of standardised clinical imaging databases for multidimensional evaluation of cardiopulmonary diseases. To address this gap, this study protocol launched a project to build a clinical imaging technology integration and a multicentre database for early warning and stratification of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in the elderly.

Methods And Analysis: This study employs a cross-sectional design, enrolling over 6000 elderly participants from five regions across China to evaluate cardiopulmonary function and related diseases.

Association between triglyceride-glucose related indices and at-risk NASH in U.S. adults with NAFLD: results from NHANES 2017-2020.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), intricately linked to insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), affects nearly one-third of the global population. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its derivative metrics, which integrate anthropometric measures, have emerged as cost-effective tools for assessing IR severity and their associations with NAFLD severity. However, evidence on their association with at-risk nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a progressive phenotype characterized by hepatic fibrosis and inflammation, remains limited.

Nanopore-Based Electroporation Enables High-Efficiency, Rapid RNA-Mediated Reprogramming of Primary Fibroblasts into Human iPSCs.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have revolutionized regenerative medicine by overcoming the ethical and immunological challenges posed by embryonic stem cells, while nonviral reprogramming of fibroblasts to iPSCs often faces challenges in efficiency and complexity. We present a nanopore electroporation (NanoEP) system for efficient delivery of circular RNA (circRNA) encoding six reprogramming factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC, LIN28A, and NANOG) into human fibroblasts. NanoEP, employing engineered polycarbonate membranes for localized permeabilization, achieves >90% transfection efficiency at low voltages, enhancing cell viability and minimizing proinflammatory cytokine release (IL-6 and IL-18) compared to other methods.

Research Progress on Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in PTSD.

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological condition triggered by traumatic events, commonly characterized by symptoms such as re-experiencing traumatic memories, avoidance, hyperarousal, and disturbances in cognition and emotions. While PTSD is often viewed through a psychological lens, increasing evidence highlights its strong association with immune system dysfunction and inflammation. This narrative review summarizes recent research progress on the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in PTSD, highlighting key findings and their implications for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.

Interface-engineered CoO nano-islands on a Cu substrate for high-efficiency electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion.

A core@shell C/Cu@CoO catalyst with interfacial-engineered nano-islands on a Cu substrate was constructed, featuring accelerated electron-transfer properties and optimized nitrate trapping through the synergetic interfacial effect, achieving a remarkable NH yield of 57.4 ± 2.9 mg h mg and high Faraday efficiency of 98.

SETD5-Coordinated LC3B Methylation Inhibits Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer.

MAP1LC3/LC3 is an essential autophagy regulator involved in both the formation of autophagosome and the recruitment of autophagy cargo. Although several post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified to regulate the function of LC3, the effect of protein methylation on its function has not been well characterized. Here, we show that SETD5 interacts with and methylates nuclear LC3B (a member of the LC3 subfamily) at lysines 5 and 65, leading to its nuclear retention.

3D Printed Bioelastomer Scaffold for Mandibular Defect Repair Based on Rapid Distraction Therapy.

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a widely recognized surgical method for treating mandibular hypoplasia. However, it still presents some limitations, including multiple hospital visits required by the long distraction period, and previous studies show that a shortened distraction period will easily lead to a non-union gap and suboptimal quality of the new bone. In this research, a 3D-printed customized PGS scaffold is constructed and combined it with rapid MDO to repair mandible defects.

A spatially organized / stem cell core governs postnatal tooth establishment.

Mineralized tissues are fundamental in mechanical support and protection in vertebrates. Their formation by progenitor cells during development remains elusive. Here, we show that the postnatal establishment of the molar teeth was governed by a spatially organized core of / progenitors that persisted into adulthood.