DFT Calculation-Assisted Design of Precursors for Nucleophilic 2-Amino Allyl Cations and Their Application in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition with Electron-Deficient Alkenes.

In this work, we developed nucleophilic 2-aminoallyl cations guided by DFT calculations. Computational insights enabled a comprehensive analysis of factors governing N-nucleophilicity and an accurate prediction of cycloaddition reactivity with electron-deficient alkenes. Notably, this study represents the first asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of amino-allyl cations with exocyclic double bonds, enabling the efficient synthesis of -pyrrolidines with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.

CFHR2 Supplementation Mitigates Pathologies of Neuromyelitis Optica by Regulating Complement Activation.

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing autoimmune disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. While the pathogenesis of NMO involves Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and complement-mediated damage, the specific roles of the complement pathway remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that complement factor H-related protein 2 (CFHR2), a regulator that inhibits the complement C3 alternative pathway, was significantly decreased in the serum of NMO patients and was negatively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score.

Phenotypic Variation of 933 Broomcorn Millet ( L.) Germplasm Resources.

Studying comprehensive performance is fundamental for the effective utilisation of broomcorn millet ( L.) germplasm resources and breeding of new varieties. However, compared with other major crops, research on broomcorn millet germplasm resources is limited, and the trait variations of broomcorn millet are unclear.

Solid-State Ionomer-Interlayered Bulk Monolayer MoS Membranes with Thickness-Scalable Bright Luminescence.

Monolayer MoS is attractive for future photonics and optoelectronics for its direct-gap excitons with ultrahigh binding energies. However, the atomically thin structure is prone to nonradiative defects, challenging to scale for large-area production, and inherently limited in optical cross-section, all hindering technological integration. Stacking monolayers to increase the optical cross-section results in multilayers with diminished photoluminescence activity.

A high-resolution dataset on electric passenger vehicle characteristics in China and the European Union.

China and the EU are the world's largest Electric Vehicle (EV) markets, making it crucial to understand their electrification progress for global insights. However, previous assessments of regional EV markets often provide broad EV market characteristic estimations, but neglect critical spatial and segmental heterogeneity, thereby limiting research and policy precision. To fill such a knowledge gap, this study proposes a multi-dataset fusion approach that enables the characterization of passenger vehicle electrification progress in both China and the EU at highly resolved spatial, segmental, and powertrain levels for the year 2023.

The molecular mechanism by which miR-206-regulated JunD expression influences myoblast proliferation and differentiation in yaks.

Jun dimerization protein D (JunD), a member of the activating protein-1 transcription factor family, serves as a key regulator of mammalian myogenesis by orchestrating cell cycle progression and coordinating the network of myogenic differentiation determinants. miR-206 exhibits tissue-specific expression in skeletal muscle, with abundant representation across miRNA expression profiles in multiple mammalian species. Although both JunD and miR-206 are critically involved in muscle development, their specific roles in yak skeletal muscle ontogeny remain poorly characterized, particularly regarding the regulatory axis involving miR-206-mediated targeting of JunD during myoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Genome-wide association study for plant height and ear height in maize under well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

Background: Both plant height (PH) and ear height (EH) are critical traits in maize and are closely associated with grain yield and mechanized harvesting. Increasing the number of molecular markers and mining functional genes by combining approaches such as genotype and phenotype analysis will contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying PH and EH in maize.

Results: We analyzed these traits in an association panel of 200 inbred lines across 4 locations (Yulin, Yinchuan, Zhangye and Taiyuan) under both well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) conditions during 2019-2020.

Potential of AI Chatbots in Online Hair Transplantation Consultations: A Multi-metric Assessment of Three Models.

Background: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots has demonstrated considerable promise in assisting medical consultations. However, their potential for application in online hair transplantation consultations remains largely unexplored.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of AI chatbots in responding to patient inquiries during online hair transplantation consultations.

Chiral quasi-bound states in the continuum based on hybrid metasurfaces for enantiomer analysis.

Optical sensing offers an effective and promising method for molecular detection, yet quantifying enantiomer concentrations remains a critical challenge. Here, we present a SiC-Au hybrid metasurface supporting the chiral quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC) mode, manipulated by the rotation angle . An enantiomer analysis method is proposed to obtain d- and l-enantiomer concentrations from peak wavelength and intensity of circular dichroism (CD).

Out-Of-Distribution Generalization on Graphs: A Survey.

Graph machine learning has been extensively studied in both academia and industry. Although booming with a vast number of emerging methods and techniques, most of the literature is built on the in-distribution hypothesis, i.e.

Effectiveness and sustainability of peer support interventions for patients with obesity: a realist synthesis protocol.

Background: Recent economic development and evolving lifestyles have contributed to a global rise in overweight and obesity, which are now acknowledged as critical public health challenges. Previous research examining the effectiveness of peer support interventions for individuals who are overweight or obese has produced inconsistent and sometimes conflicting results. However, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested a potential association between peer support and reductions in both weight and body mass index.

TRIM22 in Litopenaeus vannamei activates Dorsal by accelerating Cactus's degradation to mediate antiviral immunity.

Tripartite motif protein 22 (TRIM22), an interferon-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediates antiviral responses in mammals by regulating NF-κB signaling. However, its functional role in invertebrates remains unknown. This study characterizes a TRIM22 ortholog (LvTRIM22) in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and elucidates its molecular mechanism against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).

Zero-valent iron-promoted vivianite formation via dissimilatory iron reduction: Role of humic acid.

Vivianite, as a high-value phosphorus (P) recovery product, has attracted extensive attention. However, previous studies have indicated that the Fe/P ratio and extracellular electron transfer (EET) efficiency may be factors influencing dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) for vivianite formation. This study investigated the role of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in vivianite formation and elucidated the impact of humic acid (HA) during this process.

Cross-attention graph neural networks for inferring gene regulatory networks with skewed degree distribution.

Background: Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from gene expression data is a pivotal challenge in systems biology. Most existing methods fail to consider the skewed degree distribution of genes, complicating the application of directed graph embedding methods.

Results: The Cross-Attention Complex Dual Graph Embedding Model (XATGRN) was proposed to address this issue.

Cognate interaction-dependent pathogenicity of meningeal B cells drives neuroinflammation relapse.

B cells are central drivers of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the brain meninges normally maintain a stringently non-self-reactive B cell repertoire, how disruption of this local immune tolerance contributes to pathology remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that autoreactive B cells at the brain border accelerated neuroinflammation by directly engaging encephalitogenic T cells.

COLA-GLM: collaborative one-shot and lossless algorithms of generalized linear models for decentralized observational healthcare data.

Clinical insights from real-world data often require aggregating information from institutions to ensure sufficient sample sizes and generalizability. However, patient privacy concerns only limit the sharing of patient-level data, and traditional federated learning algorithms, relying on extensive back-and-forth communications, can be inefficient to implement. We introduce the Collaborative One-shot Lossless Algorithm for Generalized Linear Models (COLA-GLM), a novel federated learning algorithm that supports diverse outcome types via generalized linear models and achieves results identical to a pooled patient-level data analysis (lossless) with only a single round of aggregated data exchange (one-shot).

Unified Depth-Guided Feature Fusion and Reranking for Hierarchical Place Recognition.

Visual Place Recognition (VPR) constitutes a pivotal task in the domains of computer vision and robotics. Prevailing VPR methods predominantly employ RGB-based features for query image retrieval and correspondence establishment. Nevertheless, such unimodal visual representations exhibit inherent susceptibility to environmental variations, inevitably degrading method precision.

Federated target trial emulation using distributed observational data for treatment effect estimation.

Target trial emulation (TTE) aims to estimate treatment effects by simulating randomized controlled trials using real-world observational data. Applying TTE across distributed datasets shows great promise in improving generalizability and power but is always infeasible due to privacy and data-sharing constraints. Here we propose a Federated Learning-based TTE framework, FL-TTE, that enables TTE across multiple sites without sharing patient-level data.

Single-layer cluster ionic-chain networks with tetragonal pores.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with intrinsic pores have attracted attention for catalytic and electronic applications. However, a significant gap exists between all-inorganic 2D networks with inorganic connectors and those with organic connectors due to the greater complexity of functionalizing inorganic molecules. Addressing this gap, we present a new class of 2D all-inorganic porous networks: single-layer cluster ionic-chain networks (CINs), constructed by using PWM (M = Mn, Co) polyoxometalate (POM) clusters as nodes and end-capping agents for ionic chains.

Data-Driven Mining of a Thermostable Lipase with Molecular Insights into Mechanisms of Its Substrate Specificity.

The discovery of novel heat-resistant lipases has the potential to broaden their applications in the food industry and other fields. This study identified a novel heat-resistant lipase PFHL from HK44 based on data-driven mining, which was subsequently expressed in for its molecular insights into substrate specificity. The purified PFHL demonstrated optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 7.

Correction: Research and application of digital measure management and control technology for characteristic low-efficiency gas wells in Gas Field A.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Infusion of neutralization into Lassa vaccine design.

Lassa virus (LASV), which causes deadly Lassa fever (endemic in Western Africa), is a priority pathogen and a global health threat. Current vaccine candidates protect LASV-challenged animals through T cell immunity or non-neutralizing IgG/Fc receptor-mediated functions in the absence of potent neutralization. Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), applied through passive immunization, also provide broad and complete protection against LASV.

TIPE regulates TGFB2 expression and induces extracellular M2 polarization in CRC.

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant of therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). The TME encompasses diverse cellular and stromal elements, including tumor cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and lymphatic vessels. Among these components, tumor-associated macrophages predominate both quantitatively and functionally, with M2-polarized macrophages being the principal subset responsible for immunosuppression.

Research status of regenerative difficulties after central nervous system injury.

Multiple studies have shown that permanent functional disabilities caused after nerve damage are mainly due to the limited ability of damaged neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate axons and re-establish functional connections. Most axons in the CNS of adult mammals cannot reactivate their intrinsic growth program after injury, making axonal regeneration difficult when damaged. This article provides a systematic review of the response processes following CNS injury and the factors affecting repair and regeneration, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the regeneration of damaged axons, in hopes of offering new insights for the repair of CNS injuries.

STP: single-cell partition for subcellular spatially-resolved transcriptomics.

Spatially-resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies now allow exploration of gene expression with spatial context. Recent advances achieving subcellular resolution provide richer data but also introduce challenges, such as aggregating subcellular spots into individual cells, which is a task distinct from traditional deconvolution. Existing methods often grid SRT data into predefined squares, which is unrealistic for accurately capturing cellular boundaries.