Phenobarbital Bioequivalence in Chinese Population: Considering the Role of Food on Pharmacokinetics.

Epilepsy is one of the most severe neurological disorders in the world, which might seriously endanger the lives of patients. Phenobarbital is an important medicine clinically used for the treatment of epilepsy, and it is irreplaceable in the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, focal seizures, status epilepticus, and pediatric epilepsy. However, the original research medicine of phenobarbital has not been launched in China.

C/EBP-β/MeCP2/Wnt Axis Participates in the Testicular Injury in Rats Under Simulated Microgravity Conditions.

Background And Objective: As space exploration advances, the effects of the microgravity environment on testicular injury and spermatogenic function in astronauts have attracted widespread attention, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: In this study, testicular morphometry and Johnsen score were used to evaluate the degree of testicular injury. Then the upstream transcription factors of MeCP2 were verified using the dual-luciferase reporter assay.

β-Asaronol, the Neuroactive Component of : Mitigating Seizures with Minimal Developmental Risk in Dravet Syndrome.

Developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), including Dravet syndrome (DS), require antiseizure medications (ASMs) that balance efficacy with developmental safety. There is an urgent clinical need for novel therapeutic agents that combine potent anticonvulsant activity with developmental safety. β-Asarone, an active constituent of plants, has demonstrated antiepileptic potential, but its toxicities severely limit clinical application.

Target volume delineation of the neck for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas.

The Chinese Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, the Head and Neck Cancer International Group, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology collaboratively developed evidence-based guidelines and a comprehensive contouring atlas for neck target volume delineation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These guidelines address five key challenges in modern radiotherapy practice: margin design of clinical target volume; nodal target volume delineation after induction chemotherapy; delineation of equivocal nodes evident on imaging; low-risk clinical target volume delineation based on regional stepwise extension patterns; and modifications for anatomical boundaries of lymphatic areas. Developed through a rigorous systematic review and expert appraisal process by a panel of 50 international, multidisciplinary members from 17 countries and regions, these guidelines incorporate the latest advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment.

Primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas.

The Chinese Society for Therapeutic Radiology Oncology, the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Head and Neck Cancer International Group, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology jointly developed evidence-based guidelines and a contouring atlas for primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The guidelines systematically address three crucial challenges: margin design of clinical target volumes; target volume delineation after induction chemotherapy; and low-risk clinical target volume delineation based on local stepwise extension patterns. Based on a comprehensive systematic review and critical appraisal by an international multidisciplinary panel of 50 nasopharyngeal carcinoma specialists from 17 countries and regions, these guidelines are in keeping with advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment, embodying contemporary treatment concepts, and elaborating on the differences in practice.

Prostaglandins: Key players in immunomodulation of the nervous system.

As a class of bioactive substances that play important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, prostaglandins have attracted increasing research attention. Published studies have identified the molecular characteristics of prostaglandins in peripheral organs, the enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and prostaglandin receptors. Some studies have also explored the characteristics of prostaglandins and their functions in the central nervous system.

Purine metabolism in tumorigenesis and its clinical implications.

Metabolic reprogramming constitutes a hallmark of malignant neoplasms. Purine metabolism emerges as a pivotal regulator in cellular metabolic networks through multiple mechanisms, including dysregulation of de novo biosynthesis/salvage pathway coordination, adenosine-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment formation, and collective contributions to tumorigenesis and malignant progression. During metastatic progression, purine metabolism reinforces tumor cell plasticity through mitochondrial energy regulation and modulation of cell cycle checkpoints (eg, G1/S transition).

Autologous genome-edited hematopoietic stem cells correct Gaucher disease and establish a platform for clinical translation.

Gaucher disease type 1 is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations that reduce glucocerebrosidase activity, leading to glycolipid buildup, particularly in macrophages. To develop a curative approach, we established a high-efficiency genome editing platform for human and murine hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells using CRISPR/Cas9, recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6. To enhance homology-directed DNA repair while minimizing genotoxicity, we incorporated a new 53BP1 inhibitor, a ubiquitin variant that promotes DNA end resection and significantly increases editing efficiency.

Research progress on design strategies of hemicyanine-based fluorescent probes and their applications in environmental and food analysis.

With the increasing emphasis on environmental safety, food inspection, and plant physiological functions, the development of high-performance fluorescent probes capable of highly sensitive, specific, rapid, and visual detection of target analytes has become a focal point in current research. Hemicyanine groups are widely utilized in the design of organic small-molecule fluorophores due to their low cost, structural stability, and ease of chemical modification. Through simple structural adjustments, the photoluminescent properties of hemicyanine-based fluorophores can be significantly enhanced, enabling strong signal output and maintaining stable fluorescence intensity across various solvents and pH conditions-features that make them particularly suitable for complex biological and chemical environments.

Early thelarche, reproductive hormones, and MRI-based breast density: a prospective study in China.

Background: The age of thelarche in girls has declined globally. While earlier menarche has been linked to higher breast density - a known risk factor for breast cancer - the association between earlier thelarche and breast density remains unclear.

Methods: 114 Girls presenting with idiopathic central precocious puberty without medication (ICPP), early thelarche (ET), and normal age at thelarche (NT) were recruited from pediatric endocrine clinics of three hospitals during the year of 2020-2021 in Hefei, Anhui Province, China and were followed up for 3-5 years.

Proteomics-enabled learning machine algorithms enhance the prediction of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aims: Estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients is critical in the medical decision-making process. This study aimed to use a machine learning technique combined with proteomics to develop personalized models for predicting CVD in patients with T2DM.

Methods And Results: In total, 874 patients with T2DM and 2,920 Olink proteins obtained from the UK Biobank were used in this study.

Human-induced changes in extreme cold surges across the Northern Hemisphere.

Extreme cold surges, very large temperature drops over a short period of time, have serious impacts on human health, energy supply and ecosystems. While changes in temperature variability and cold extremes in a warming climate are well understood, changes in extreme cold surges and their driving mechanisms are not. Here we show that extreme cold surges have robustly weakened in middle-to-high latitude continents during autumn and winter but have remained almost unchanged in lower latitudes.

End-of-Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Outpatient Settings, Beijing, China: A Test-Negative Design.

This study aimed to estimate the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2024/25 season in Beijing, China. We used a test-negative design (TND) to assess influenza VE among outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) enrolled through the influenza virological surveillance in sentinel hospitals in Beijing from week 44, 2024 to week 14, 2025. Cases were ILI patients who tested positive for influenza; controls were those who tested negative.

HBM Package Interconnection Pseudo All-Channel Signal Integrity Simulation and Implementation Method of the Synchronous Current Load Research.

This paper proposes a pseudo full-channel signal integrity (SI) simulation method tailored for high-bandwidth memory (HBM) interconnects. In this approach, real interconnect models are applied to selected portions of the channel, while the remaining sections are replaced with synchronized current loads that emulate the electrical behavior of actual signal transmission. This technique enables accurate modeling of the HBM interface under full-channel parallel data transfer conditions.

Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Control on Stroke: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of the ESPRIT Trial.

Background: Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) accounts for one-half of the population attributable fraction for stroke, so lowering SBP is the most important treatment for preventing stroke.

Objective: In this study, the authors sought to assess the effects of intensive treatment targeting SBP <120 mm Hg on stroke compared with standard treatment targeting SBP <140 mm Hg.

Methods: In the ESPRIT trial, hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to intensive treatment or standard treatment and followed for 3.

What is the best first-line combination regimen for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis and systemic review.

Background: Despite significant survival improvements from third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), almost all patients eventually develop resistance. Currently, some studies have confirmed that combination therapy regimens based on third-generation EGFR-TKIs can further enhance efficacy. However, it remains unknown which specific combination regimen is more effective.

MRI-based Middle Neck Involvement in Stage N1-N2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Marker for Risk Stratification.

Background The prognostic implications of middle neck involvement, defined as cervical lymph node metastasis between the caudal border of the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage, remain unclear in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Purpose To investigate the prognostic significance of middle neck involvement in patients with N1 or N2 NPC. Materials and Methods This retrospective analysis included patients with N1 or N2 NPC without distant metastasis treated between April 2009 and December 2017.

Toripalimab Combination Therapy Without Concurrent Cisplatin for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: With the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade toripalimab, omitting highly toxic concurrent cisplatin may be feasible for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) without compromising survival.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab incorporated into induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, without concurrent cisplatin, for locoregionally advanced NPC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 clinical trial conducted from August 2021 to July 2022 at 13 hospitals in China, enrolling 532 patients with T4N1M0 or T1-4N2-3M0 NPC; 400 (75.

Seasonal and bay morphology factors strongly influence temperate coastal zooplankton community structure.

Zooplankton play a vital role in coastal bay food web, yet the impact of bay morphology on these communities remains unclear. We conducted synchronous seasonal sampling in Laoshan Bay and Dingzi Bay using two nets with different mesh sizes (0.505 mm and 0.

SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (SDUS) is a rare, sporadic malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin of the uterus, which has highly aggressive and poor prognosis. In this case, we described a malignant tumor formed in the uterus occurring in a SMARCA4 deletion type and discussed its clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, treatment and related literature analysis.

Patient Concerns: A 61-year-old patient underwent diagnostic scraping at a local hospital for irregular vaginal bleeding for 2 months.

The oxidizing characteristics of plasma-activated water induced by long-lived species generated by dielectric barrier discharges with bubbling diffusion and its use in decomposition of oxytetracycline.

The application of low-temperature plasma as an advanced oxidation technology in the field of water treatment has attracted more attention as it introduces no additional chemical ingredients and is environmentally friendly. The core of this technology refers to reactive species (mainly the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) generated by the discharge, reacting with water content to form plasma-activated water (PAW). An improved PAW generation configuration was proposed to enhance the mass transfer progress of plasma-generated reactive species in the liquid phase.

High ischemic deficit in computed tomography perfusion is a risk factor for cerebral vascular ischemic events in Takayasu arteritis: a prospective observational study.

Background: Patients suffering from Takayasu arteritis (TA) with stenosis or occlusion of supra-aortic trunks carry a high risk of cerebral vascular ischemic events (CVIEs). We explored the relationship between cerebral blood perfusion and CVIEs in TA.

Methods: Patients with involvement of supra-aortic trunks undergoing computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) were enrolled.

Does the combination of cartoon stickers and fruit juices reduce premedication anxiety in preschool children?-a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Perioperative anxiety affects 40-75% of children undergoing surgery, risking complications. Midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) is commonly used but poorly tolerated due to bitterness.

Design of a wide-field wavelength-coded depth-sensing objective.

In this work, we develop a wide-field wavelength-encoded depth-sensing objective. Specifically, the depth can be perceived by color conversion algorithms or decoded by the peak wavelength of on-focus light. By extending both the field of view (FOV) and the focal shift to millimeter scale, further combining either a 2D mechanical scan or a point-source array, 3D surface data can be efficiently acquired.