Umbilical cord-derived exosomes alleviate spinal cord injury by regulating microglial polarization through miR-340-5p-mediated modulation of the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition of the central nervous system, results in impairments in both sensory and motor functions. Presently, there exists a deficiency in efficacious therapies. Nonetheless, employing exosomes, a derivative of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs), is proven to be a successful approach in treating SCI, yet the exact way they function is still not well understood.

Multiscale interface engineering enables strong and water resistant wood bonding.

The growing use of timber in construction has created an urgent need for high-performing engineered wood. Laminating timber facilitates production of structural components, but strong interfacial bonding is essential for engineered wood to outperform solid wood. Here we introduce a method for achieving strong wood bonding using an ionic liquid-dissolved cellulose solution.

An energy metabolism-engaged nanomedicine maintains mitochondrial homeostasis to alleviate cellular ageing.

Energy restriction is closely related to cellular senescence and species longevity. Here, based on the structure and function of ATP synthase, a key enzyme for energy generation, we develop energy metabolism-engaged nanomedicines (EM-eNMs) to rejuvenate aged stromal/stem cells, and help to prevent skeletal ageing. We show that EM-eNMs infiltrate the mitochondria of aged bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BMMSCs), driving mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, glycolysis and maintaining BMMSC stemness and multifunction.

Clinical and immunological predictors of severe pertussis in children: a nomogram-based prediction model.

Background: Despite widespread vaccination, pertussis remains a significant health concern, especially for infants and young children. Severe pertussis can lead to severe complications, but the specific risk factors, particularly immunological markers, are not fully understood.

Methods: This retrospective case analysis was conducted from January to December 2023 at the Department of Infection, Tianjin Second People's Hospital.

Development and clinical validation of deep learning-based immunohistochemistry prediction models for subtyping and staging of gastrointestinal cancers.

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a critical tool for tumor diagnosis and treatment, but it is time and tissue consuming, and highly dependent on skilled laboratory technicians. Recently, deep learning-based IHC biomarker prediction models have been widely developed, but few investigations have explored their clinical application effectiveness.

Methods: In this study, we aimed to create an automatic pipeline for the construction of deep learning models to generate AI-IHC (Artificial Intelligence) output using H&E whole slide images (WSIs) and compared the pathology reports by pathologists on AI-IHC versus conventional IHC.

Genome Sequences of the First Phages Infecting Reveal Their Global Distribution and Metabolic Potential.

Bacteriophages (phages) are one of the critical biotic drivers of prokaryotic community dynamics, functions, and evolution. Despite their importance in aquatic ecosystems, very few phages have been isolated from freshwater lakes, hampering our understanding of their ecological importance and usage in a variety of biotechnological applications. , with a ubiquitous distribution, is a metabolically versatile, fast-growing, morphologically diverse freshwater lake bacterial genera.

Adherent-invasive in Crohn's disease: the 25th anniversary.

In 1998, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Christel Neut and Jean-Frederic Colombel discovered a novel pathovar of , adherent and invasive (AIEC), in the ileum of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), that was genetically distinct from diarrheagenic , could adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells and survive in macrophages. The consistent association between AIEC and CD (approximately 30% across the world), their ability to exploit CD-associated genetic traits, and virulence in preclinical colitis models but not healthy hosts spurred global research to elucidate their pathogenicity. Research focused on integrating AIEC with the microbiome, metabolome, metagenome, host response and the impact of diet and antimicrobials has linked the luminal microenvironment and AIEC metabolism to health and disease.

Anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity of the Rohdea chinensis (Baker) N. Tanaka aqueous extracts.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent neurotropic pathogen that establishes lifelong latency in the peripheral nervous system, posing substantial clinical challenges due to its recurrent infections and emerging drug resistance. Rohdea chinensis (Baker) N. Tanaka, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been historically used for heat-clearing, detoxifying, wind-dampness dispelling, blood-stasis removing, and pain-relieving properties.

Mannitol-facilitated entry of vancomycin into the central nervous system inhibits neuroinflammation in a rat model of MRSA intracranial infection by modulating brain endothelial cells.

Background: The present study aims to investigate whether mannitol facilitates central nervous system (CNS) entry of vancomycin and alleviates methicillin-resistant (MRSA) intracranial infection.

Methods: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was assessed by measuring the concentration of sodium fluorescein (NaF) in the brain tissues of rats and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) in a single-cell layer model. Neutrophil infiltration in the brain tissue, inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum, neurological function, and 7-day survival rates were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of mannitol and vancomycin in MRSA-infected rats.

TIPE regulates TGFB2 expression and induces extracellular M2 polarization in CRC.

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant of therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). The TME encompasses diverse cellular and stromal elements, including tumor cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and lymphatic vessels. Among these components, tumor-associated macrophages predominate both quantitatively and functionally, with M2-polarized macrophages being the principal subset responsible for immunosuppression.

An updated meta-analysis of influences of animal, dietary, and operational factors on the effects of supplemental methionine on lactational performances in dairy cows.

Previous studies regarding the effects of supplemental Met on lactational performance in dairy cows are inconsistent, and the potential interfering factors need to be systematically investigated. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of continuous variables from 60 articles published by April 30, 2024, were pooled by random-effects models using Stata version 17. Results showed that Met supplementation increased ECM, milk protein content and yield, and milk fat content and yield (SMD = 0.

Specific MSI2 deletion maintains intestinal barrier integrity by down-regulating ILC3s-derived IL-17 a in mice with colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with an unknown cause. Previous studies have shown that Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are crucial for maintaining intestinal mucosal immune homeostasis by producing key cytokines such as IL-22 and IL-17 A. While the RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) is recognized as essential for promoting intestinal epithelial regeneration post-injury, its impact on immune regulation remains unclear.

Mac-1 blockade impedes adhesion-dependent neutrophil extracellular trap formation and ameliorates lung injury in LPS-induced sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a common critical condition that can lead to multiple organ injury. Sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is frequently an important cause of poor prognosis and is associated with high mortality rates, despite existing therapeutic interventions. Neutrophil infiltration and extracellular traps (NET) are implicated in acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS following sepsis.

Microenvironmental Modulation for Therapeutic Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold significant promise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. However, the translation of EV-based therapies into clinical practice faces considerable challenges, particularly in terms of production yield and therapeutic efficacy. Recent studies have emphasized the heterogeneity of EVs and the influence of parental cell microenvironmental signals on their biogenesis, cargo composition, and therapeutic outcomes.

Mitigating secondary salinization in grapes: long-term benefits of biochar and cow dung.

Secondary salinization of soil seriously hinders the healthy cultivation of facility grapes. Biochar has been shown to mitigate the negative effects of saline stress on plants. However, the long-term response mechanism between the soil's key physicochemical properties, ion concentration, and enzyme activity and the physiological resistance of facility grape plants to biochar combined with cow dung application to alleviate the soil secondary salinization stress remains unclear.

K/Cl Dual-Mediated Spatial Charge Separation in Carbon Nitride Boosts Piezocatalytic Pure Water Splitting.

Graphite-phase carbon nitride is regarded as a highly promising piezoelectric catalyst, yet its interlayer and in-plane charge transfer capabilities pose significant limitations to its application. In this study, Cl, K co-modulated carbon nitride was synthesized via the molten salt method. The in-plane introduction of Cl, which exhibits an electron-withdrawing effect, breaks the symmetry of the carbon nitride crystals and enhances the structural polarity.

AMPK Signaling Pathway Regulates Tendon Regeneration via Fatty Acid Metabolism.

Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and their regeneration is a complex process due to the poor natural healing ability of these tissues. The current therapies for tendon repair are limited in efficacy and their cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a markedly upregulated factor in newborn tendons with high regenerative capacity.

ESCO1 as a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 1 (ESCO1) plays an important role in mitosis and is involved in tumor progression of human bladder and prostate cancer. However, its pathological effects on renal cell cancer (RCC) remain unknown. Here, we aimed to assess the impact of ESCO1 down-regulation in RCC cells and explore its role as potential prognosis biomarker for RCC.

Design, Synthesis, and Activity Evaluation of Novel Bifenamide Dual-Target Antibacterial Inhibitors and Carrier Based on Infectious Microenvironment.

As the external environment worsens and immune function declines, Gram-negative bacterial infections are causing more and more serious pathological damage. In the study, three series of novel bifenamide dual-target (PD-L1/LpxC) compounds were designed using the skeleton growth method. Their chemical structures were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for antibacterial activity.

Construction and activity evaluation of novel CHS inhibitors against fungal infections.

Chitin synthase (CHS), as crucial antifungal target, plays a pivotal role in the fungal proliferation and invasion processes. This study constructed pharmacophore models based on ligand and receptor features. These models were used to guide the construction of novel CHS inhibitors via the scaffold-growth pathway.

Dietary protein source mediates colitis pathogenesis through bacterial modulation of bile acids.

Evidence-based dietary recommendations for individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are limited. Red meat consumption is associated with increased IBD incidence and relapse in patients, suggesting that switching to a plant-based diet may limit gut inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the differential effects of these diets remain poorly understood.

Innovative approaches to boost mesenchymal stem cells efficacy in myocardial infarction therapy.

Stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a promising approach for heart repair, potentially regenerating damaged heart tissue and improving outcomes for patients with heart disease. However, the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies remains limited by several challenges, including poor cell survival, low retention rates, poor integration, and limited functional outcomes. This article reviews current enhancement strategies to optimize mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cardiac repair.

Synergistic effect of defocus incorporated multiple segment glasses and repeated low level red light therapy against myopia progression.

Defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS) lenses and repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) are used to retard myopia progression. However, it is currently unknown if there is a synergistic effect of the two interventions. In the current study, 190 school-aged children with myopia (380 eyes) were studied for the change in axial length (AL) over nearly one year of follow-up.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper limb motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is an innovative, non-invasive therapy that stimulates the contraction of paralyzed muscles in the upper limbs, promoting functional recovery. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of TEAS in restoring upper limb function. This study aims to evaluate the impact of TEAS on upper limb motor recovery after stroke.