An improving spectral PTF for mining area soil water content prediction: combining 2D correlation spectroscopy and soil-crop indicators with ResGRU.

Conventional methods for soil sampling and soil water content (SWC) measurement are often labor-intensive and time-consuming. The Pedo-transfer function (PTF) integrating soil spectroscopy with soil physicochemical properties provides a more efficient approach for SWC estimation. However, existing studies highlight regional limitations in the accuracy of PTFs across diverse geographical regions.

Formation and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Artificial Gynogenetic WuLi Carp Induced by Inactivated Sperm of Megalobrama Amblycephala.

Artificial gynogenesis is an essential technique for aquaculture breeding. Fertile offspring of the WuLi carp ( var. Quanzhounensis, 2 = 100, WLC) were successfully produced via gynogenesis using ultraviolet-irradiated sperm from the blunt snout bream (, 2 = 48, BSB).

The global burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to high sodium intake: a comprehensive analysis of trends from 1990 to 2021 and burden prediction to 2040.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition affecting over 10% of the global population, with high sodium intake identified as a critical modifiable risk factor. This study investigated the global burden of CKD due to excessive sodium intake in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 and made the first future projections to 2040, addressing gaps in longitudinal analysis of sodium-related CKD trends and demographic differences.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database were analyzed to quantify CKD-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to high sodium intake.

Targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases: a new frontier in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment.

Ubiquitination is a modification prevalent in eukaryotic cells. Disruptions in ubiquitination processes can have detrimental effects, potentially leading to diseases that endanger life. E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically recognize substrate proteins during ubiquitin modification, regulating intracellular protein levels and functions through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or TGF-β signal transduction.

GPR65 Functions as a Key Factor of Bone Aging and a Novel Therapeutic Target for Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease, characterized by loss of bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which has a high incidence of disability. Identification of the key factors of pathogenesis is essential for diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we have identified the proton-sensing receptor GPR65, which is specifically expressed in osteoclasts and is significantly down-expressed in osteoclast differentiation, aging, ovariectomy (OVX)-, and tail suspension (TS)-induced osteoporotic bone tissue.

CT-based deep learning radiomics model for predicting proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma: application in transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation.

Objectives: Proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor with varying prognosis depending on the different disease stages and subsequent treatment. This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning radiomics (DLR) model based on contrast-enhanced CT to predict proliferative HCC and to implement risk prediction in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Materials And Methods: 312 patients (mean age, 58 years ± 10 [SD]; 261 men and 51 women) with HCC undergoing surgery at two medical centers were included, who were divided into a training set ( = 182), an internal test set ( = 46) and an external test set ( = 84).

MiR-126-3p and MiR-195-5p as Novel Therapeutic Attenuators of Liver Fibrosis by Targeting the IRS1/PI3K Signalling Pathway.

Background & Aims: Hepatic fibrosis is a progressive response to chronic liver injury. A key event in the development of hepatic fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); emerging research indicates that microRNAs play crucial roles in regulating HSCs activation. However, the specific roles of miR-126-3p (miR-126) and miR-195-5p (miR-195) in liver fibrosis remain inadequately understood.

Creating Multimodal Interactive Digital Twin Characters From Videos: A Dataset and Baseline.

In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for creating multimodal interactive digital twin characters, from dialogue videos of TV shows. Specifically, these digital twin characters are capable of responding to user inputs with harmonious textual, vocal, and visual content. They not only replicate the external characteristics, such as appearance and tone, but also capture internal attributes, including personality and habitual behaviors.

Dynamic and thermodynamic origins of non-equilibrium phase transitions in infectious disease networks.

Understanding the mechanisms driving phase transitions in epidemic dynamics is essential for predicting and controlling infectious disease outbreaks. In this study, we apply the landscape and flux framework from nonequilibrium statistical physics to investigate the physical origins of bifurcations, or nonequilibrium phase transitions, in adaptive epidemic networks. Using a SIRS model, we systematically examine how variations in the rewiring rate (representing individuals' behavioral responses to avoid infection) and the average node degree (indicating the population's contact density) reshape the topography of the system's potential landscape and alter barrier heights, thereby triggering transitions between bistable and monostable regimes.

Activity-Based Nanoprobes for Multiscale Functional Analysis of Proteases in Medulloblastomas.

Enzymes mediate diverse cancer processes by exerting their functional activities. Precise profiling of enzyme activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is therefore critical to understanding and targeting the pathological roles of enzymes in cancer. Here, we report biomodified nanoprobes for the highly sensitive detection of specific protease activities in medulloblastoma (MB) across scales.

Clinical guideline on the open arthrolysis for posttraumatic elbow stiffness in adult patients.

Background: Posttraumatic elbow stiffness poses significant clinical challenges for upper limb surgeons and severely impairs patients' ability to perform essential daily activities, including eating, dressing, and personal hygiene, thereby imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Open arthrolysis is widely employed when conservative therapies fail, yet current literatures demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in treatment concepts, surgical techniques, and perioperative management. This evidence-based clinical practice guideline aims to standardize treatment profiles and improve surgical outcomes for open arthrolysis of posttraumatic elbow stiffness in adult patients globally.

Advancements in Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles: Design Strategies and Multifunctional Therapeutic Approaches.

Cancer treatment faces significant challenges due to drug resistance, non-specific toxicity, and limited penetration of therapeutic agents. Here, we discuss the latest advancements in the design and application of tumor-targeted nanoparticles, focusing on polymer-based, biomimetic, and inorganic nanocarriers, as well as innovative surface modification strategies, to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment, including the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents with biologicals or photo/sonosensitizers for synergistic therapeutic effects. This review not only highlights the current importance of nanoparticle design and application for tumor targeting but also provides insights into future directions for more effective cancer therapies.

The role of generative AI tools in case-based learning and teaching evaluation of medical biochemistry.

Background: Medical biochemistry, a fundamental course in medical education, has a complex and expanding knowledge base. Traditional teaching methods often fail to meet students' needs for in-depth understanding and personalized learning. Students can become overwhelmed by the vast array of biochemical concepts, reactions, and molecular structures.

Optimized synthesis of 5N-D and the exploration of its role as a promising anti-aging agent via AKR1B1 inhibition and PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 regulation.

An optimized synthesis for (R,E)-N-(3-(2-acetamido-3-(benzyloxy) propanamido) propyl)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylamide (5N-D) was reported here. 5N-D has been identified as a promising agent for treating age problems. Through in vitro enzyme testing, 5N-D is verified as an effective ALR2 inhibitor showing an IC of 21.

Suppression of circ_0091761 ameliorates acute myocardial infarction-induced endothelial injury through regulation of miR-1278.

Objective: The main objective of the article was to explore the role of circ_0091761 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-induced endothelial injury.

Methods: A cellular model of AMI was constructed by hypoxia-induced HUVECs. miRNAs that may interact with circ_0091761 were recognized by the ENCORI and circular RNA Interactom databases.

Refining Amino Sugar-Based Conversion Factors for Quantification of Microbial Necromass Carbon in Soils.

Quantifying the contribution of microbial necromass to soil organic carbon (SOC) has been a hot topic in the past decade, offering critical insights into soil carbon sequestration mechanisms. Amino sugars (AS) are widely used biomarkers for estimating microbial necromass in soils, with the ratios of AS to microbial necromass carbon (MNC) serving as conversion factors to derive MNC from AS measurement. Because AS decomposes more slowly than bulk necromass and persists longer in soil, the ratio of AS to microbial necromass should exceed the AS to biomass ratio in living microbes.

RBM15 enhances paclitaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting mA methylation of TNFSF9 and inducing polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to M2 phenotype.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the breast cancer subtypes with a poor prognosis, and the current main treatment modalities include surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the development of drug resistance in tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents poses great challenges to anticancer treatment.

Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to screen the up-regulated genes in paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant TNBC cells.

Clinical features and perinatal outcomes in women with adenomyosis.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between Clinical Features and Perinatal Outcomes in the population of pregnancies with adenomyosis.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 413 pregnant women with ultrasonography/MRI-confirmed adenomyosis (diagnosed pre-pregnancy/early pregnancy) who delivered or miscarried at Peking University Third Hospital (2022-2024). Clinical features (dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia, uterine volume, concurrent endometriosis) were evaluated for associations with delivery mode, gestational age, postpartum blood loss, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), operation time of cesarean section, placenta accreta, placenta previa, gestational hypertension.

Identifying Semantic Component for Robust Molecular Property Prediction.

Although graph neural networks have achieved great success in the task of molecular property prediction in recent years, their generalization ability under out-of-distribution (OOD) settings is still under-explored. Most of the existing methods rely on learning discriminative representations for prediction, often assuming that the underlying semantic components are correctly identified. However, this assumption does not always hold, leading to potential misidentifications that affect model robustness.

Liquid crystal-based reflective dual-band sub-terahertz phase shifter.

A terahertz (THz) phase shifter based on a liquid crystal and a single-layer metasurface with a shared aperture for dual-band antennas is proposed. The device achieves phase shifts exceeding 180° in dual-frequency bands, with simulations indicating 236.8-248.

Hierarchically Engineered Flame-Retardant Triboelectric Yarn Exhibiting Robust Mechanical Performance and Humidity-Boosted Electrical Output for Firefighting Applications.

As urbanization progresses and building complexity grows, fire safety gains prominence, driving up demand for intelligent, high-performance fire-fighting gear. This study develops a super-intelligent fireproof yarn (SIFY) with a coaxial structure via hierarchical textile assembly. The middle waterproof and flame-retardant layer and the outer high-strength flame-retardant poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fibers endow SIFY with top-notch flame-retardant performance (limiting oxygen index of 50.

[HPV and male urinary system tumors: Progress in research].

Human papilloma virus (HPV), a cancer-causing DNA virus, is a most common sexually transmitted virus and one of the major public health problems worldwide currently. Although HPV infection is relatively common in men, routine HPV detection is still difficult to be applied in clinical practice due to the lack of standard HPV detection methods and the complexity of its detection. Recent studies have explored the relationship between HPV and genitourinary tumors, revealed different results because of geographic differences, histological subtypes and detection methods, and stressed the importance of clarifying the role of HPV in the development and progression of genitourinary tumors.

Cloning and Preliminary Functional Studies of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α6 Subunit in Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall).

To investigate the functional role of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit in Megalurothrips usitatus and its involvement in insecticide resistance, we cloned the nAChR α6 gene (Muα6) using RACE technology and analyzed its spatiotemporal expression patterns via RT-qPCR. Functional studies were further conducted under spinetoram stress. The results showed that Muα6 (GenBank accession: PQ441948) has a full-length sequence of 1569 bp, encoding 523 amino acids with four transmembrane domains (TM1-TM4), six extracellular loops (Loop A-F), and two N-glycosylation sites (Asn100 and Asn144).

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer in the elderly (aged > 60 years): a comprehensive analysis across 204 countries and territories (1990-2021)​.

Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent among the elderly (Aged > 60 Years). Investigating the global epidemiological trends of colorectal cancer in elderly patients can aid in developing targeted prevention and control measures.

Methods: The epidemiological data on CRC in the elderly were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, encompassing annual estimates from 1990 to 2021.