Supramolecular surface modification of ceria nanoparticles for enhanced chemical mechanical planarization performance in shallow trench isolation.

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is an indispensable technique for achieving global planarization in shallow trench isolation (STI) structures, a critical component in modern integrated circuits. With the continuous advancement of technology and increasing demands for chip performance, the critical metrics of STI CMP processes have become increasingly stringent, placing higher requirements on the performance of polishing slurries. In particular, SiO/SiN removal rate selectivity (RRS) and surface flatness directly impact product quality and yield.

In Situ Cation-Switched Organometallic Cage Reconfiguration Enables Highly Selective Li Recognition and Extraction.

Biomacromolecular selectivity paradigms, epitomized by the "induced-fit" concept, motivate adaptive supramolecular designs; however, cationic guest-directed morphological responses in metal-coordinated hosts remain inadequately developed. We reveal a dynamic Ag-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) cage that experiences alkali ion-induced structural metamorphosis triggered by Lewis acid‒base interactions. X-ray crystallographic analysis and independent gradient model (IGM) evidence confirm that these interaction templates have highly ordered architectures exceeding 340 non-H atoms.

Comparison of traditional and robotic size prediction methods and stem positioning outcomes following prediction discrepancies in hip arthroplasty.

This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of prosthesis size prediction in MAKO robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RATHA) and to assess the impact of discrepancies between the preoperative robotic plan and the actual sizes of femoral prostheses applied during surgery on the postoperative stem position. We conducted a retrospective analysis of preoperative planning, intraoperative records, and postoperative imaging data from patients who underwent RATHA. We predicted prosthesis sizes using both traditional 2D methods and robotic systems, comparing their accuracy.

Efficient Exothermic Press toward Ultrafast and Scalable Manufacturing of Complex Polymer Composites.

Rapid and scalable production of high-performance composites remains a key challenge in achieving sustainable manufacturing. Here, Exo-press frontal polymerization (EPFP), a novel and transformative method for manufacturing fiber-reinforced thermoset polymer composites, overcoming energy efficiency, scalability, and curing complex geometries, is introduced. Unlike conventional curing methods that require prolonged processing times and high energy, EPFP utilizes exothermic heat to reduce curing time from hours to minutes with minimal external energy.

Phylogenetic and genetic evolutionary analyses of the mitochondrial genome of in from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

The larvae of the nematode family can infect several animals. is a parasitic nematode that infects mammals and has a worldwide distribution. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships and differentiation time of collected from were studied using molecular methods.

IDO1 promotes Echinococcus multilocularis infection by regulating the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

The widespread prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection poses a significant threat to human health. E. multilocularis is found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere.

Biomass-Derived Hard Carbon Anodes Processed with Deep Eutectic Solvents for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are increasingly acknowledged as a promising alternative for large-scale energy storage applications, attributable to the abundant natural availability, widespread geographical distribution, and economic viability of sodium resources. Hard carbon is recognized as one of the leading options for anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). It presents several advantages, including a high reversible specific capacity and the availability of abundant precursor sources.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma combined with simvastatin in the treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head.

Background & Objective: Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a serious complication of the overuse of glucocorticoids. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a regenerative technique that has shown to effectively repair damaged blood vessels, promote angiogenesis, restore normal blood supply, and promote osteogenesis of the femoral head. This study aimed to analyze the effect of PRP combined with a commonly used simvastatin in treating SANFH.

MXene-Based Cartilage-Adhesive Microspheres for Photothermal-Controlled Hydrophobic Drug Release and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery in Osteoarthritis.

Intra-articular drug injection is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). However, the rapid clearance of drugs from the joint cavity results in low drug utilization and suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. This study describes MXene-based cartilage-adhesive microspheres for photothermal-controlled hydrophobic drug release and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) delivery.

Enhanced oxygen vacancies on yttrium oxide with cobalt oxide loaded for accelerating hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition.

Ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production has become a critical process in the development of hydrogen economy. Non-noble based material possesses great potential of application in thermal catalysis due to its low cost and appreciable theoretical catalytic activity. However, the durability of non-noble metal catalysts under prolonged operation remains a significant challenge.

Clinical, Electroencephalogram and Imaging Characteristics of Patients With Anti-LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objectives: To summarize the clinical, electroencephalogram (EEG), and imaging characteristics of patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 autoimmune encephalitis (LGI1-AE) and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 88 patients diagnosed with LGI1-AE between January 2018 and April 2024 in the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, and the First Hospital of Jilin University.

Results: This retrospective study analyzed 88 patients diagnosed with LGI1-AE.

Stereoselective construction of coconformational mechanically helical and topologically chiral [2]catenanes induced by point chirality.

Supported by chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC (CSP-HPLC), examples of chiral mechanically interlocked organic molecules, including knots, rotaxanes, and catenanes, have been reported. However, the exploration of stereoselective construction of chiral cationic complexes, particularly those induced by point chirality, has been notably limited due to the constraints posed by the type of chiral chromatographic columns and separation efficiency. To address this, we have developed a construction strategy for generating coconformational mechanically helical and topologically chiral [2]catenanes through the induction of point chirality.

Structurally Tunable Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon for Enhancing the Accessibility and Durability of Cathode Pt-Based Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

Low Pt utilization and intense carbon corrosion of cathode catalysts is a crucial issue for high-efficiency proton exchange membrane fuel cells due to the highly demanded long-term durability and less acquisition/application cost. Herein, structurally tunable graphitized mesoporous carbon (GMC) is obtained by direct high-temperature pyrolysis and in situ-controlled mesopore formation; the structure-optimized GMC1300-1800 exhibits a mesopore size of 7.54 nm and enhanced corrosion resistance.

Incidence and characteristics of noise generation in total hip arthroplasty with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings : a comparison between robotic-assisted surgery and conventional methods.

Aims: To evaluate the impact and risk factors of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) on noise generation in total hip arthroplasty (THA) with ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings in comparison to conventional (CON) manual methods.

Methods: A secondary analysis of a prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial - conducted from June 2021 to July 2022 - included 74 patients with CoC bearings, equally divided between RAS and CON groups. Noise incidence, characteristics, and duration were documented.

BMP9 enhances osteogenic differentiation in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential therapeutic approach.

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes joint damage, including cartilage degradation and bone erosion. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays a key role in osteogenesis and tissue repair. However, its role in bone erosion and inflammation in RA remains underexplored.

Balancing Electronic Spin State via Atomically-Dispersed Heteronuclear Fe-Co Pairs for High-Performance Sodium-Sulfur Batteries.

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries are emerging as a promising next-generation energy storage technology, offering high energy densities at low cost and utilizing abundant elements. However, their practical application is hindered by the shuttle effect of sodium-polysulfides and the sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a heteronuclear diatomic catalyst featuring Fe and Co bimetallic sites embedded in nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (Fe-Co/NC) as an effective sulfur host at the cathode of Na-S batteries.

Observation on the Efficacy of Abdominal Massage in Treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol.

Introduction And Aim:  Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by excessive, often uncontrollable anxiety, frequently accompanied by autonomic dysfunction symptoms. The gut-microbiota-brain axis is implicated in its pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese medicine therapies, including abdominal massage, are increasingly being considered for GAD treatment.

Interstitial Manganese-Tuned Nickel-Iron Diselenide Anode for Efficient and Durable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) employing Ir/Ru-free anodes emerges as a bright prospect for green hydrogen society. Here, a NiFeMnSe nanosheet electrocatalyst is reported, in situ grown on stainless-steel paper, as an efficient and durable self-supporting AEMWE anode for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The interstitial [MnSe] tetrahedra elevate the Fermi level and narrows the band gap of the electrocatalyst, thereby expediting electrode reaction kinetics and increasing the electrical conductivity.

Enhancing catalytic activity in MoC nanodots via nitrogen doping and graphene integration for efficient hydrogen evolution under alkaline conditions.

Due to its exceptional electronic properties and catalytic activity, MoC has garnered significant attention for its application in electrocatalysis, particularly for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, several critical challenges continue to impede its widespread use, especially under strongly alkaline conditions. A primary obstacle is the enhancement of its intrinsic activity through further modification strategies, which remains a key limitation for its broader utilization.

Evolutionary Analysis of Hypoderma Pantholopsum in Tibetan Antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Purpose: Hypoderma pantholopsum is a parasite that parasitizes Tibetan antelopes (Pantholops hodgsonii). This study aims was to reveal the genetic diversity within H. pantholopsum and contribute to the protection of Tibetan antelope.

The association between varus knee deformity and morphological changes in the foot and ankle in patients with end-stage varus knee osteoarthritis.

Background: This study aimed to (1) determine the association between varus knee deformity and ipsilateral foot and ankle morphology, and (2) evaluate the relationship between varus knee deformity and foot and ankle pain in patients with end-stage varus knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: A total of 213 patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty for end-stage varus KOA were enrolled in this study and divided into a 'severe varus group' (n = 119) and a 'mild varus group' (n = 94) based on preoperative knee varus degree. Morphological parameters and pain incidence in the foot and ankle were compared between the two groups.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper limb motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is an innovative, non-invasive therapy that stimulates the contraction of paralyzed muscles in the upper limbs, promoting functional recovery. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of TEAS in restoring upper limb function. This study aims to evaluate the impact of TEAS on upper limb motor recovery after stroke.

The Ras-related nuclear GTPase RAN1 ensures pollen size and tube growth by maintaining the actin cytoskeleton.

Controlling organ size in plants is a complex biological process influenced by various factors, including gene expression, genome ploidy and environmental conditions. Despite its importance for plant growth and development, the mechanisms underlying organ size regulation remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of RAN1, a member of the Ras-related nuclear GTPase family, in regulating pollen size.

Blue-/near-infrared light-triggered photochromism in a reinforced acceptor-acceptor type dithienylethene with aggregation-induced emission.

The development of photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) derivatives activated by visible light, particularly those exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, is highly sought after for applications in photoelectric functional materials and biological systems. In this study, we rationally designed and successfully synthesized a novel cyanostilbene- and nitro-functionalized DTE derivative (6) featuring a reinforced acceptor (A)-DTE-acceptor (A) structural motif. Each of the two cyanostilbene fragments bearing nitrobenzene groups imparts both electron-withdrawing effects and AIE characteristics, thereby ensuring efficient visible light-driven photochromic performance.