Programmed cell death-driven remodeling of the melanoma microenvironment enables prognostic stratification and therapeutic prediction.

Background And Objective: Melanoma exhibits profound biological complexity, driven by immune evasion, phenotypic plasticity, and resistance to therapy. While programmed cell death (PCD) shapes tumor-immune interactions, its mechanistic landscape in melanoma remains incompletely defined. This study aims to comprehensively characterize PCD-related signatures and their associations with tumor heterogeneity, prognosis, and immunotherapeutic outcomes.

A curcumin-loaded pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose/gelatin film: synthesis, characterization, and application.

Traditional plastic packaging causes environmental pollution and biosafety issues, and developing simple and effective biodegradable active packaging remains a challenge. This study aimed to develop pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/gelatin-based films formulated with curcumin (Cur) to investigate the changes in the films' physicochemical properties and the application in grass carp preservation. The results indicated that Cur was uniformly distributed in the film matrix through hydrogen bonding.

Acute effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise on eliciting enhanced parietal activation and promoting executive function performance more than moderate-intensity exercise.

Introduction: Aerobic exercise intensity differentially impacts cognitive function and brain activity, but the optimal intensity for enhancing cognitive function and cortical activity remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of low- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (LAE/MAE) on cognition, gait, and brain dynamics in healthy young adults.

Methods: Forty-nine participants were assigned to stretching (SE), LAE, or MAE groups, and their cognitive function was assessed using various tasks before and after exercise, cortical activation was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and gait parameters and stability indices were measured using a video motion and posture analysis system.

CFHR2 Supplementation Mitigates Pathologies of Neuromyelitis Optica by Regulating Complement Activation.

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing autoimmune disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord. While the pathogenesis of NMO involves Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) and complement-mediated damage, the specific roles of the complement pathway remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that complement factor H-related protein 2 (CFHR2), a regulator that inhibits the complement C3 alternative pathway, was significantly decreased in the serum of NMO patients and was negatively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score.

Longitudinal changes in estimated glomerular filtration rates in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with Tenofovir Alafenamide Entecavir.

Background: For individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) at higher risk of nephrotoxicity, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are recommended antiviral options. This study aimed to investigate kidney safety among treatment-naïve individuals with CHB receiving TAF versus ETV.

Method: Treatment-naïve individuals with CHB receiving either TAF or ETV from July 2019 to December 2020 were included.

High-resolution liquid metal-based stretchable electronics enabled by colloidal self-assembly and microtransfer printing.

Liquid metal-based stretchable electronics offer high electrical performance and seamless integration with deformable systems but face challenges in achieving scalable, high-resolution patterning. In this work, we present a method for micropatterning liquid metal particle (LMP) films with feature sizes as small as 5 micrometers by integrating electrostatically enabled colloidal self-assembly and microtransfer printing. The resulting cold-welded LMP micropatterns exhibit exceptional electromechanical properties, high conductivity (2.

Targeting PBK in the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition: A novel therapeutic strategy for IPF.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology with poor prognosis and limited therapies. OTS514, a PBK inhibitor, has been implicated in suppressing tumor progression by modulating various cellular biological processes. Nonetheless, the potential impact of PBK and OTS514 on IPF have yet to be elucidated.

Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity-Oriented Graph Convolutional Network for Urban Traffic Flow Prediction.

In the realm of urban vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), cross-domain data has constituted a multifaceted amalgamation of information sources, which significantly enhances the accuracy and response speed of traffic prediction. However, the interplay between spatial and temporal heterogeneity will complicate the complexity of geographical locations or physical connections in the data normalization. Besides, the traffic pattern differences incurred by dynamic external factors also bring cumulative and sensitive impacts during the construction of the prediction model.

A Real-Time Mature Hawthorn Detection Network Based on Lightweight Hybrid Convolutions for Harvesting Robots.

Accurate real-time detection of hawthorn by vision systems is a fundamental prerequisite for automated harvesting. This study addresses the challenges in hawthorn orchards-including target overlap, leaf occlusion, and environmental variations-which lead to compromised detection accuracy, high computational resource demands, and poor real-time performance in existing methods. To overcome these limitations, we propose YOLO-DCL (group shuffling convolution and coordinate attention integrated with a lightweight head based on YOLOv8n), a novel lightweight hawthorn detection model.

Advanced Magnetic Imprinted Polymers Integrated with In Situ Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Pesticide Screening and Detection in Food Matrices.

This research introduces magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) as a novel tool for the efficient extraction and detection of pesticide residues in food products. The MMIPs exhibit a notable adsorption capacity ranging from 15.70 to 23.

SIK2 Drives Pulmonary Fibrosis by Enhancing Fibroblast Glycolysis and Activation.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), the end-stage manifestation of interstitial lung disease, is defined by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and alveolar destruction. Activated fibroblasts, the primary matrix producers, rely heavily on dysregulated glucose metabolism for their activation. While Salt Inducible Kinase 2 (SIK2) regulates glycolytic pathways in oncogenesis, its specific contributions to fibroblast activation and therapeutic potential in PF pathogenesis remain undefined.

T cell receptor repertoire in cell-free DNA as a proxy for tumor infiltrates in patients treated with pembrolizumab.

Profiling tumor and systemic T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires can identify features associated with the clinical benefit of patients with cancer on immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This study reports on the diversity and specificity analysis of TCR sequences from 58 tumor, 306 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), and 73 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples from 81 patients with solid tumors treated with pembrolizumab. This analysis reveals that head and neck carcinomas have significantly lower PBMC diversity and shorter persistence of pembrolizumab-induced diversification compared to other cancers.

Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a pilot open-label, non-placebo-controlled study.

Background: Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the initiation and development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been reported to be effective for refractory acute GVHD; however, whether FMT is effective for refractory chronic GVHD (cGVHD) remains unknown.

Methods: To investigate the efficacy and safety of FMT for refractory cGVHD and the underlying mechanism, 12 patients with refractory cGVHD received FMT via colonoscopy, and the response was evaluated at 12 weeks after FMT.

Paediatric-inspired regimen reduces central nervous system relapse in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Central nervous system (CNS) is the common site of extramedullary relapse in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and the outcome of CNS relapse patients remains poor. This study aimed to investigate whether a paediatric-inspired chemotherapy regimen can reduce CNS relapse in adult ALL compared to the adult regimen. A total of 1005 newly diagnosed adult patients with ALL were enrolled in this study, including 596 patients who received the Hyper-CVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin[adriamycin], and dexamethason) adult regimen and 409 patients who treated with the Precision Classification-Directed Target Total Therapy-ALL-2016 (PDT-ALL-2016) paediatric-inspired chemotherapy regimen.

Tirzepatide leads to weight reduction in people with obesity due to MC4R deficiency.

The magnitude of weight reduction in the SURMOUNT-1 trial of the dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide suggests that this treatment may be particularly effective in addressing the treatment needs of people with severe obesity (body mass index >40 kg m), some of whom may carry rare penetrant genetic variants. Here we investigated the clinical response of men and women in the SURMOUNT-1 trial who carried pathogenic mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene, the most common genetic cause of obesity. We found that 32 of 2,291 people (1.

Identification of Benzofuro[2,3-]pyridine Pseudonatural Product as a Novel Class of Ferritinophagy Inhibitors that Potently Suppress Ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death mediated by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for various diseases. In this study, by integrating pseudonatural concepts with our newly developed rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/Lossen rearrangement/oxa-Michael addition methodology, we rapidly assembled diverse benzofuro[2,3-]pyridine PNP derivatives and systematically evaluated their antiferroptotic activity.

Crystal Growth Modulation of Tin-Lead Halide Perovskites via Chaotropic Agent.

Mixed tin-lead (Sn-Pb) halide perovskites, with their tunable bandgaps (1.2-1.4 eV), show great promise for the development of highly efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Two-dimensional PS-I monolayer as a promising photocatalyst for overall water splitting.

Based on density functional theory, the crystal structure, electronic properties, and photocatalytic performance of 2D PS-I monolayer were studied. It has a 2.602 eV indirect bandgap, consistent with the requirements for visible-light-driven overall water splitting.

Early symptoms and 12-week follow-up of pediatric omicron infections during the Beijing outbreak.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 during the early outbreak in Beijing, with particular attention to symptom profiles, clinical management, and persistent symptoms at 12 weeks post-infection.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled children under 18 years of age with confirmed or suspected Omicron infection in Beijing between December 2022 and January 2023. Data were collected via an online questionnaire targeting both community-managed and outpatient children.

The neural signature of high myopia: structural and functional brain alterations and their cognitive-emotional associations.

Beyond refractive error, myopia is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with neurological implications, associated with visual dysfunction and structural retinal-choroidal alterations. This review synthesizes neuroimaging evidence demonstrating widespread neuroanatomical and functional brain changes in myopia, including cortical thinning, white matter disorganization, and disrupted functional connectivity, which may be associated with changes in cognitive-emotional systems rather than just the visual system. Mechanistically, these neural signatures reflect experience-dependent neural plasticity, dopaminergic dysregulation in the retinal ON pathway, and non-image-forming disruptions mediated by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, compounded by vascular dysfunction and impaired neurovascular coupling.

RPA1 protects DNA damage-induced PANoptosis in limb development.

Extensive cell proliferation during embryogenesis often compromises genome integrity, increasing the risk of developmental defects. However, the mechanisms that safeguard genome integrity during this process remain poorly understood. Using early limb development as a model, we identify that DNA damage response factors are up-regulated in proliferating mesenchymal stem cells.

Decitabine combined with reduced-intensity conditioning for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in composite complete remission undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: Outcomes of older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remain unsatisfactory. The primary objective of this trial was to establish whether decitabine combined with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen could improve overall survival (OS) for this population in composite complete remission (CRc).

Methods: We conducted a single-arm, phase 2 trial at six hospitals in China.

Salvage therapy containing sorafenib and donor lymphocyte infusion is associated with improved outcomes for FLT3 wild-type acute myeloid leukemia relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: There is no established standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3 wild-type relapsing after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib has been widely explored in the treatment of AML patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations. Some studies have revealed that the addition of sorafenib to standard chemotherapy could improve outcomes in newly diagnosed AML regardless of FLT3 status.

Understanding the clinical characteristics associated with health care costs and cost savings upon weight reduction in individuals with obesity or overweight.

Aims: This study aimed to (1) identify characteristics of people with obesity or overweight that are predictive of health care costs; and (2) identify potential subgroups associated with weight reduction and cost savings following weight reduction interventions.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the Optum MarketClarity database from 2014 to 2022. The primary objective was assessed among individuals ≥19 years old with obesity/overweight with ≥12 months of continuous medical/pharmacy enrolment (primary cohort; index date: date of body mass index [BMI] measure ≥27 kg/m closest to December 31, 2022).