Longitudinal changes in estimated glomerular filtration rates in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with Tenofovir Alafenamide Entecavir.

Background: For individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) at higher risk of nephrotoxicity, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) are recommended antiviral options. This study aimed to investigate kidney safety among treatment-naïve individuals with CHB receiving TAF versus ETV.

Method: Treatment-naïve individuals with CHB receiving either TAF or ETV from July 2019 to December 2020 were included.

Random forest with preoperative core biopsy categories: a novel method for refining ultrasonic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System evaluation.

Background: Many benign breast lesions are classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4, resulting in unneeded biopsies. We thus aimed to build a model based on a core needle biopsy category (CBC) to improve upon BI-RADS classification by analyzing clinical and ultrasonic features.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in which female patients with solid breast tumors who underwent ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) were enrolled.

Regulating the electronic structure of covalent organic frameworks via heterocyclic isomers for highly efficient photocatalytic HO generation.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising materials for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production. However, optimizing their electronic structures to enhance charge separation, oxygen adsorption, and reaction efficiency remains a challenge. Here we show that incorporating thiophene and furan isomeric units into the side chains of COFs enables precise tuning of their electronic structures and photocatalytic activity.

Coordination of SLC39A1 and DRP1 facilitates HCC recurrence by impairing mitochondrial quality control.

Background: Despite rapid advances in HCC therapy, surgical resection is still the most effective treatment. However, postoperative relapse develops in a large population and the mechanism remains to be explored.

Methods: HCC resection samples were retrospectively collected from 12 nonrelapsed and 15 relapsed HCC patients for RNA sequencing.

Texture, swallowing and digestibility characteristics of a low-GI dysphagia food as affected by addition of dietary fiber and anthocyanins.

Dysphagia is a common problem in the elderly population, thus texture modifications in foods suitable for dysphagic patients aroused a lot of interest. In the study, low glycemic index (GI) dysphagia foods were designed with adding dietary fiber (DF) and anthocyanins (AS), and their in vitro enzymatic digestion and predicted GI values were investigated by first-order kinetic model and slope log model. Results showed that all samples belonged to dysphagia foods at level 4 (pureed) in the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) framework, and exhibited shear thinning behavior.

Esculetin rebalances M1/M2 macrophage polarization to treat sepsis-induced acute lung injury through regulating metabolic reprogramming.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (SALI) is characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate, which has caused a serious medical burden. The pharmacological effects of esculetin (ELT), such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory actions, have been widely confirmed. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ELT on SALI still need to be further clarified.

Scalable and Sustainable Zinc (II) Ions-Glue-Assisted Conversion of Biomass Waste Bits into Carbon Aerogels for Efficient Uranium Extraction.

Carbon aerogels (CAs) have garnered significant attention due to their multifunctional applications. Biomass waste, abundantly generated by agriculture and industry, serves as a primary carbon source. However, developing a facile, sustainable, and efficient method to produce CAs from biomass waste remains challenging.

Competitive adsorption of microRNA-532-3p by circular RNA SOD2 activates Thioredoxin Interacting Protein/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 pathway and promotes pyroptosis of non-alcoholic fatty hepatocytes.

Objective: There is a growing body of evidence indicating that pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism, plays a crucial role in the exacerbation of inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), functioning as vital regulators within NAFLD, have been shown to mediate the process of cell pyroptosis. This study aims to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in NAFLD.

Value of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein for detecting depression in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objective: Infection with helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with depression, and depression can affect the outcome of H. pylori treatment.

Maintaining the Mitochondrial Quality Control System Was a Key Event of Tanshinone IIA against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Intestinal Toxicity.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the one of the most common mycotoxins, widely detected in various original foods and processed foods. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a fat-soluble diterpene quinone extracted from Bunge, which has multi-biological functions and pharmacological effects. However, whether Tan IIA has a protective effect against DON-induced intestinal toxicity is unknown.

Tanshinone IIA protects intestinal epithelial cells from deoxynivalenol-induced pyroptosis.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin in food and feed, which can cause undesirable effects, including diarrhea, emesis, weight loss, and growth delay in livestock. Intestinal epithelial cells were the main target of DON, which can cause oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is fat-soluble diterpene quinone, which is the most abundant active ingredient in salvia miltiorrhiza plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Lycopene Maintains Mitochondrial Homeostasis to Counteract the Enterotoxicity of Deoxynivalenol.

The intestinal tract is a target organ for Deoxynivalenol (DON) absorption and toxicity. Mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance is the gut toxicity mechanism of DON. Lycopene (LYC) has intestinal protective effects and can maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in response to various danger signals.

A review of anorexia induced by T-2 toxin.

The presence of anorexia in animals is the most well-known clinical symptom of T-2 toxin poisoning. T-2 toxin is the most characteristic type A toxin in the trichothecene mycotoxins. The consumption of T-2 toxin can cause anorexic response in mice, rats, rabbits, and other animals.

Oxygen vacancy induced interaction between Pt and TiO to improve the oxygen reduction performance.

In proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), a Pt-based catalyst has been plagued by activity and durability, making it difficult to implement in large-scale commercial applications. In this paper, a composite material formed by titanium dioxide and carbon black containing oxygen vacancies (TiO(O)-C) was used as a functional support to successfully load Pt nanoparticles (NP). The introduction of oxygen vacancies induces the formation of a connection between Pt and TiO, which not only strengthens the fixation of Pt by the composite support but also optimizes the local charge density of Pt.

JNK molecule is a toxic target for IPEC-J2 cell barrier damage induced by T-2 toxin.

The most prevalent contaminated mycotoxin in feed and grain is T-2 toxin. The T-2 toxin's primary action target is the gut because it is the main organ of absorption. T-2 toxin can cause intestinal damage, but, few molecular mechanisms have been elucidated.

Synthetic strategies to access silacycles.

In comparison with all-carbon parent compounds, the incorporation of Si-element into carboskeletons generally endows the corresponding sila-analogues with unique biological activity and physical-chemical properties. Silacycles have recently shown promising application potential in biological chemistry, pharmaceuticals industry, and material chemistry. Therefore, the development of efficient methodology to assemble versatile silacycles has aroused increasing concerns in the past decades.

Synthesis and Sensing Performance of Chitin Fiber/MoS Composites.

In this study, chitin fibers (CFs) were combined with molybdenum sulfide (MoS) to develop high-performance sensors, and chitin carbon materials were innovatively introduced into the application of gas sensing. MoS/CFs composites were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. The surface properties of the composites were greatly improved, and the fire resistance effect was remarkable compared with that of the chitin monomer.

T-2 toxin metabolism and its hepatotoxicity: New insights on the molecular mechanism and detoxification.

T-2 toxin, a type A trichothecene, is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium poae, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Fusarium tricinctum. As the most toxic trichothecenes, T-2 toxin causes severe damage to multiple organs, especially to liver. However, the contamination of T-2 toxin covers a wide range of plants, including nuts, grains, fruits and herbs globally.

Nrf2: A Main Responsive Element of the Toxicity Effect Caused by Trichothecene (T-2) Mycotoxin.

T-2 toxin, the most toxic type A trichothecene mycotoxin, is produced by Fusarium, and is widely found in contaminated feed and stored grains. T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and is challenging to eradicate from contaminated feed and cereal, resulting in food contamination that is inescapable and poses a major hazard to both human and animal health, according to the World Health Organization. Oxidative stress is the upstream cause of all pathogenic variables, and is the primary mechanism through which T-2 toxin causes poisoning.

Photocatalyzed Thiosulfonylation of Sila-enynes with Thiosulfonates.

A photocatalyzed coupling-cyclization of sila-enynes with thiosulfonates has been developed. This reaction provides an efficient strategy to assemble thiosulfone-bifunctionalized benzosilacycles via sequential radical addition and radical coupling.

Deoxynivalenol induces testicular ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2/System Xc/GPX4 axis.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin contaminant in food and feed. DON accumulation in food chain severely threatens human and animal health due to the toxic effects on the reproduction system. However, the underlying mechanism of DON on male reproductive dysfunction is still in debate and there is little information about whether DON triggers testicular ferroptosis.

Oxygen Vacancies-Rich S-Cheme BiOBr/CdS Heterojunction with Synergetic Effect for Highly Efficient Light Emitting Diode-Driven Pollutants Degradation.

Recently, the use of semiconductor-based photocatalytic technology as an effective way to mitigate the environmental crisis attracted considerable interest. Here, the S-scheme BiOBr/CdS heterojunction with abundant oxygen vacancies (Vo-BiOBr/CdS) was prepared by the solvothermal method using ethylene glycol as a solvent. The photocatalytic activity of the heterojunction was investigated by degrading rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) under 5 W light-emitting diode (LED) light.

p38 mediates T-2 toxin-induced Leydig cell testosterone synthesis disorder.

T-2 toxin is an unavoidable food and feed contaminant that seriously threatens human and animal health. Exposure to T-2 toxin can cause testosterone synthesis disorder in male animals, but the molecular mechanism is still not completely clear. The MAPK pathway participates in the regulation of testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells, but it is unclear whether the MAPK pathway participates in T-2 toxin-induced testosterone synthesis disorders.

Review of the Role of Ferroptosis in Testicular Function.

Iron is an important metal element involved in the regulation of male reproductive functions and has dual effects on testicular tissue. A moderate iron content is necessary to maintain testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis. Iron overload can lead to male reproductive dysfunction by triggering testicular oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and even testicular ferroptosis.