Triglyceride glucose index as a causal risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization.

Background/aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a global health burden increasing liver-related mortality. Existing cross-sectional studies lack causal evidence between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and MAFLD. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization, this study aimed to investigate the causal association between the TyG index and MAFLD.

Organic Photoredox Catalytic Functionalization of Alkynones To Acess Heterocycles Containing 1,4-Dicarbonyl Structures and 3-Thioarylated Thioflavones.

Herein, we report an efficient visible-light-mediated reaction of alkynones with ethyl diazoacetate for the construction of cyclic frameworks containing the 1,4-dicarbonyl moiety. In this photocatalytic system, a readily available phenothiazine derivative serves as the organic catalyst, which, upon photoexcitation, gains strong reducing power to facilitate the divergent synthesis of structurally diverse thioflavone derivatives. This metal-free protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions, providing a versatile and sustainable approach to high-value heterocycles.

Spatiotemporal subtypes of brain and spinal cord atrophy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are autoimmune demyelinating diseases with overlapping clinical features but distinct patterns of brain and spinal cord atrophy. The precise atrophy subtypes specific to each disease remain elusive. This study aimed to identify shared and distinct atrophy subtypes in NMOSD and MS, using neuroimaging to explore their clinical significance and potential implications for tailored treatment strategies.

Machine learning assisted CRCA multi-color fluorescent droplet imaging for high-sensitivity simultaneous detection of Maillard hazards.

Acrylamide and advanced glycation end products are two typical hazards produced simultaneously through the Maillard reaction of food. Traditional instrumental detection methods require specialized instrument operation, resulting in low detection efficiency. Here, a red-green dual fluorescence detection system combined with Nt.

Ruptured vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm coexisting with isolated interrupted aortic arch and basilar artery hypoplasia in an adult female: illustrative case.

Background: Vertebrobasilar junction (VBJ) aneurysms are frequently associated with basilar artery variations like fenestration or hypoplasia, altering hemodynamics. An interrupted aortic arch (IAA), a rare congenital malformation, may contribute to intracranial aneurysms via vascular wall defects, hemodynamic stress, and compensatory hypertension. Coexistence of IAA with cerebrovascular anomalies and VBJ aneurysms is exceptionally rare, with no prior documented cases.

Brain Structure Deviations in Patients with Parkinson Disease without Dementia Using Normative Modeling.

Background And Purpose: Cortical alterations in Parkinson disease (PD) without dementia remain inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the cortical alterations of PD without dementia and the relationships between cortical alterations and both motor and nonmotor symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Individualized centile scores for brain structure in 225 patients with PD without dementia were derived from life span brain charts from the Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium and adjusted using a local sample of 451 healthy controls (HC).

Stable manipulating objects with unknown surface morphology via integration of magnetic artificial muscle and adhesive structures.

Compared with conventional manipulating methods, such as vacuum suction, electromagnetic adsorption, and mechanical clamping, gecko-inspired adhesives possess the ability of attaching on various surfaces with extensive applications in space operation, industrial manufacturing, etc. However, adhesive structures with high adhesion on one certain surface may lose their adhesive performance when gripping another surface. Achieving a good adhesion on objects with unknown surface morphology in a simple way is still a great challenge for gecko-inspired adhesives.

Enhancing Catalysis and Sieving Polysulfides by Oxygen Vacancy-Rich Separator Modifier for High-Performance Li-S Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been hindered by the low active material utilization, sluggish kinetics and Li anode corrosion caused by the dissolution of Li polysulfides (LiPSs) intermediates. To solve these problems simultaneously, Fe-doped HTiO anchored on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO/HTiO-Fe) is designed via dopant selection and doping content optimization as a novel separator modifier. Tunable Fe-doping induces the controllable generation of oxygen vacancies (OVs), endowing rGO/HTiO-Fe with suitable Lewis acid character, which causes a sieving effect via the differentiated adsorption between OVs and various LiPSs.

Octuple-state sliding ladder ferroelectrics in bilayer van der Waals GeSe/SnS heterostructures.

Advancing next-generation high-density data storage and post-Moore computing technologies requires the engineering of higher-order multistate ferroelectric transitions. In this study, we demonstrate an octuple-state sliding ladder ferroelectric behaviour in bilayer GeSe/SnS van der Waals heterostructures. This behaviour arises from compression-modulated interlayer sliding, which induces a series of multi-step phase transitions.

Elevated interleukin-10, -22, -24, and -26 in serum samples of children with infectious mononucleosis.

Background: Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease with different stages of onset, and the pathogenesis of IM remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the levels of interleukin (IL)-10 family cytokines IL-10, -22, -24, and -26 in serum samples of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and the potential diagnostic values.

Methods: Thirty children with IM were enrolled in the study, and serum samples were collected; 30 healthy children served as the controls.

Diagnosis and Management of Large Extraosseous Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of the Buttocks: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with no characteristic imaging and clinical manifestations. Therefore, early preoperative diagnosis is difficult and ultimately depends on postoperative pathology and genetic diagnosis. CASE REPORT A 67-year-old man presented with a huge buttock tumor.

Spheroid culture of human periodontal ligament stem cells on agarose enhances stemness and osteogenic differentiation potential.

Objective: To develop an agarose (AG)-based spheroid culture system to enhance the stemness and osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), addressing limitations of current periodontal tissue engineering approaches.

Methods: hPDLSCs were isolated from extracted premolars and cultured as spheroids in AG-coated 96-well plates. Spheroid formation was optimized by varying cell seeding densities and culture durations.

A multi-omics strategy to understand PASC through the RECOVER cohorts: a paradigm for a systems biology approach to the study of chronic conditions.

Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC or "Long COVID"), includes numerous chronic conditions associated with widespread morbidity and rising healthcare costs. PASC has highly variable clinical presentations, and likely includes multiple molecular subtypes, but it remains poorly understood from a molecular and mechanistic standpoint. This hampers the development of rationally targeted therapeutic strategies.

Near-infrared spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms based on L1-norm and L21-norm to identify the geographical origins of Chinese wolfberry.

The nutritional value of Chinese wolfberry varies depending on different geographical origins, even at the regional level. Therefore, a non-destructive and effective method has important implications for identifying the geographical origins of Chinese wolfberry. To address the issue of traditional feature extraction methods being sensitive to outliers and lacking robustness in processing NIR spectral data, inspired by L21-norm based linear discriminant analysis (L21-LDA), this study proposed an L21-norm based robust linear discriminant analysis (L21-RLDA), which was compared with traditional LDA, L21-LDA and L1-NSLDA.

Amide proton transfer-weighted MRI distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the potential of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (MF-ICC).

Methods: 76 Patients with histo-pathologically confirmed HCC or MF-ICC underwent dynamic contrast enhanced(DCE) MRI,APTw and DWI. Mean APTw and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of liver tumors were measured independently by two radiologists.

Vanadyl Acetylacetonate and Berberine Synergistically Ameliorate Diabetes-induced Vascular Dysfunction and Reduce Endothelial Toxicity through ERK and Akt Regulation.

Vanadyl acetylacetonate (VO) and berberine (BBR) have both demonstrated anti-diabetic effects. Previous studies in type 1 diabetic rats suggest that their co-administration of VO and BBR is safer and more effective than either compound alone. However, the precise vascular effects and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Albumin for patients with acute large-vessel occlusive stroke undergoing endovascular therapy (ARISE): the protocol of a randomized double-blind trial.

Background: Albumin is a multifunctional plasma protein that is mainly synthesized in the liver and may play a neuroprotective role in treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The efficacy of albumin in patients with AIS receiving reperfusion therapy remains unknown.

Methods: ARISE is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study.

Comprehensive first-in-human phase I/II study of FHND-9041 in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: FHND-9041 is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). This first-in-human study is a single-arm, multi-center, open-label, non-randomized phase Ⅰ/II trial that aims to evaluate the tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity of FHND-9041 in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The phase I study enrolled 87 patients with previously-treated EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC.

Effective thermal conductivity model of particle-filled composite materials with distributed inner heat sources.

Effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of composite materials is an important lumped parameter to describe heat conductions inside composite materials without dealing with complex structures. When particles release heat inside composite materials, like particle-filled nuclear fuel elements, classical ETC models are not appropriate and the effect of inner heat source requires further investigation. In our previous researches, heat conductions with inner heat sources were analyzed and the ETCs were redefined to predict the average temperatures of composite materials.

Atomic-level characterization of crystal defects in a polycrystalline silicon-diamond structure.

Electronic-grade polycrystalline silicon of large size holds a crucial position in the semiconductor industry due to its extensive application prospects. This study aims to fill the gap in the atomic-level characterization of crystal defects within polycrystalline silicon. By employing focused ion beam technology for sample preparation and combining advanced scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction technology with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, we have uncovered that the silicon core of the polycrystalline silicon exhibits a single crystal structure and dense twinning within the polycrystalline matrix.

Nematicidal activity of 3-indoleacetonitrile against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: Inhibition of development and reproduction through induction of excessive reactive oxygen species.

The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (B. xylophilus) is the main cause of pine wilt disease, a devastating forest disease that leads to considerable economic losses. Currently, trunk injection of chemical nematicides is one of the most widely used approaches for controlling the spread of B.

Oxidative balance and survival in osteoporosis: how antioxidant diets and lifestyles reduce mortality risk.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a global health issue characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an elevated risk of fractures. Oxidative stress is implicated in OP pathogenesis, and antioxidant diets and lifestyles may mitigate these effects. This research aims to investigate the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS) and all-cause mortality in individuals diagnosed with OP.

Influence of Hollow Glass Microspheres (HGM) on Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Lightweight High-Strength Concrete Under Varying Lightweight Aggregate (LWA) Dosages.

As a promising and sustainable construction material, alkali-activated slag lightweight high-strength concrete (AAS-LWHSC) may be influenced by lightweight aggregate (LWA) content. In this study, the effects of hollow glass microspheres (HGM) replacing granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) under varying LWA dosages on the workability, dry apparent density, mechanical properties, and microstructure of AAS-LWHSC were investigated. The results indicated that the dry density of concrete was significantly reduced by HGM, while the "ball-bearing" effect of HGM was observed to enhance workability at a dosage of 6%.

Detecting deformation mechanisms of metals from acoustic emission signals through knowledge-driven unsupervised learning.

Timely detection of deformation mechanisms in metallic structural materials is essential for early-warning alerts on potential damages and fractures. Acoustic emission (AE) technologies are commonly used for this purpose due to their non-destructive nature. However, traditional methods often struggle with distinguishing AE signals associated with multiple co-existing deformation mechanisms.