Forms of chitin-polysaccharide cross-linking in the Coprinopsis cinerea stipe cell wall.

The fungal cell wall provides the cell with enough strength to withstand turgor pressure and keeps adequate plasticity to extend the cell wall size under turgor pressure for cell growth. The cell walls of apical growing hyphae and budding growth yeast have been studied in detailed which share common components of chitin and β-1,3-glucan in their scaffold structures while other polysaccharide components vary on species. In contrast, the cell walls of elongating growth mushroom stipe remains poorly studied.

Modulation of Interfacial Water at Gas-Liquid-Solid Interface for Water Electrolysis.

Renewable electricity-driven water electrolysis stands at the forefront of clean hydrogen production, playing a crucial role in achieving a net-zero carbon future. Interfacial water is fundamental to this process, dictating reaction kinetics, proton and electron transfer dynamics, and mass transport at the electrode-electrolyte interface. Effective tuning of the structure of interfacial water is imperative for enhancing catalytic activity, efficiency, and long-term stability.

Vacancy Engineered Zero-Valent Iron Steer Hydrogen Spillover toward Per- and Polychlorinated Organics Rapid Complete Dechlorination.

The elevated toxicity and persistent bioaccumulative propensity of per- and polychlorinated organics (PCOs) pose a substantial environmental hazard; however, current dechlorination technologies encounter challenges in surmounting the cumulative reductive inertia inherent to PCOs, resulting in low dechlorination efficiency and the persistence of ecotoxicity. Here, a vacancy-engineered zero-valent iron (ZVI) is proposed to address this challenge. The surface-modified carbon vacancies can extract outward-flowing electrons from lattice copper-doped ZVI (CvCu-ZVI), which react with trapped protons to generate reactive hydrogen in situ that subsequently spills over onto ZVI.

HSQC-TOCSY fingerprinting-guided isolation of undescribed glycosides and scalemic pentaketides with neuroprotective activity from a mesophotic zone Ircinia sponge-associated fungus, Acremonium sp. NBUF233.

HSQC-TOCSY fingerprinting-guided fractionation led to the discovery of three undescribed pentaketide, hexaketide, and monocyclofarnesol-type sesquiterpenoid glycosides, namely acremols A-C (1-3), along with new scalemic pentaketides (+)-4 and (-)-4, designated as (+) and (-)-acremols D, from fungus Acremonium sp. NBUF233 associated with a mesophotic zone Ircinia sponge. The structural elucidation was achieved through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis combined with chemical degradation.

The histone deacetylase inhibitor CG-745 enhances the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible correlation between histone deacetylase inhibition and radiosensitivity in PC-3 prostate cancer cells and to explore the possible mechanism involved.MethodsPC-3 prostate cancer cells were treated with 0.40 μM CG-745 alone, radiation alone, or 0.

Global trends of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae from different host sources.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is ubiquitous in animals, humans, and the environment, facilitating the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence traits. Most studies are primarily focused on human clinical isolates, leaving critical gaps in understanding non-human reservoirs and cross-species transmission risks.

Methods: We combined large-scale genomic analyses with in vitro and in vivo infection models to characterize the evolutionary dynamics of 2809 K.

Alcohol activates ATF4/LPLA2-mediated BMP metabolism to enhance HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Background & Aim: Chronic alcohol consumption synergistically enhances hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals. However, the pivotal molecular mechanisms still remain elusive.

Methods: HBx-transgenic (HBx-Tg) mice and nude mouse xenograft models were used to evaluate the tumor-promoting effects of ethanol.

Fractional Deposition of Radioactive Aerosols in the Respiratory Tract: Effects of Anatomical and Physiological Differences between Chinese and Caucasians.

For the calculation of fractional deposition of radioactive aerosols, the deposition model in ICRP Publication 130 has been widely used. However, the deposition model is based on the anatomical and physiological characteristics of Caucasians. Since physiology and anatomical parameters of Chinese differ from those of Caucasians, this difference can affect the applicability of depositional models to Chinese people.

Iodine-Catalyzed Thioglycosylation of Indole and Tryptophan-Containing Peptides with Thioglycosides.

An efficient iodine-catalyzed thioglycosylation reaction for the synthesis of indole thioglycosides and -glycosylated peptides is reported. This method employs molecular iodine as a metal-free catalyst and thioglycosides as sulfur donors, achieving high yields (up to 97%) under mild conditions. The reaction is compatible with a broad range of substrates, including various monosaccharide-derived thioglycosides and indoles with different substituents.

Development of Blocking ELISA Kit Based on Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody for the Serological Diagnosis of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting sheep and goats. The performance and cost of serological diagnostic kit remained a major challenge for PPR eradication.

Objective: The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PPR virus and its monoclonal antibody (mAb) were engineered for development of a blocking ELISA.

[Preparation and targeting function evaluation of UNO peptide-modified Prussian blue nanoparticles].

The study aims to explore the methods for preparing nanocomplexes of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) with UNO peptide (UNO-PBNPs) and the functions of the nanocomplexes targeting M2-type macrophages . PBNPs were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. Subsequently, the peptide UNO (CSPGAKVRC) targeting the mannose receptor was modified on their surface by a heterobifunctional coupling approach.

Β-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits centriole duplication and mitochondrial dysfunction through β-hydroxybutyrylation of ANXA11 in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major mechanism in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear, resulting in a lack of targeted clinical therapies. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which ANXA11 affects DCM by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction through β-hydroxybutyrylation (kbhb).

Giant hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon in an 84-year-old woman: A case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare extrahepatic tumor. The most common origin of HAC was the stomach (63%). HACs originating from the colon or rectum are rare.

Enhanced catalytic performance of transition metal-doped Co/TiO for continuous-flow synthesis of borneol from isoborneol.

Borneol, a pharmaceutically important monoterpenoid, has emerged as a key ingredient in modern medicinal formulations. Here, we report a highly efficient heterogeneous catalytic system using transition metal-doped Co/TiO catalysts for the continuous-flow isomerization of isoborneol to borneol. Through systematic screening of bimetallic combinations, we demonstrate that Cu and Ni dopants synergistically enhance the redox properties of Co species, particularly improving hydrogenation-dehydrogenation efficiency in the isomerization of isoborneol.

Upregulation of has_circ_0008389 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via miR-761 sponging and P2RY2 mRNA stabilization.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a primary malignancy of the digestive tract, associated with high mortality and significant clinical challenges. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently emerged as important modulators of oncogenic pathways, although their role in ESCC remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found that circ_0008389 promoted the progression of ESCC through the miR-761/P2RY2 pathway.

Delayed Repolarization Caused by hERG Block With Different Drug Modalities Can Be Detected in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Incubation Time Matters.

The intrinsic characteristics of oligonucleotides pose a challenge for their assessment in conventional primary in vitro cardiac models, which were designed for the acute application of small molecule agents and are not suitable for transfection and extended culture periods. Conversely, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) offer a viable platform for the evaluation of agents over prolonged application and recording times. Our previous experiments demonstrated that a chronic protocol of 48 h is necessary to discern the functional effects of a siRNA targeting hERG in a stable cell line heterologously expressing hERG.

DED filaments coordinate complex IIa assembly during TNF-induced apoptosis.

Extrinsic apoptosis is initiated by signaling from death receptors, leading to the assembly of RIPK1, FADD, and caspase-8 complex. Subsequently, caspase-8 forms a filamentous structure through the oligomerization of its tandem death effector domain (tDED), resulting in caspase activation and cell death. Although the DED of FADD (DED) is homologous to the tDEDs of caspase-8 (tDED) and both oligomerize to function, the functional form of DED oligomer in extrinsic apoptosis remains unclear.

N-methyladenine modification of DNA enhances RecA-mediated homologous recombination.

Both DNA methylation and homologous recombination (HR) are extensively studied. In bacteria, Dam methylation is the most studied DNA modification, while RecA-mediated HR is a primary mechanism to repair DNA damages including double-stranded breaks, single-stranded gaps, and stalled replication forks. While HR regulation by proteins is extensively studied, whether methylation of DNA itself directly affects the functions of RecA and HR remains unclear.

Acetylation Modification of Lavandula angustifolia Polysaccharides: Physicochemical Property, Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities.

Chemical modifications can impart distinct physicochemical properties and biological activities to polysaccharides. In this study, Lavandula angustifolia polysaccharide (LAP) was purified through a series of processes including decolorization, deproteinization, freeze-drying, and column chromatography using DEAE-750 cellulose and Sephadex G-200, yielding a major homogeneous polysaccharide designated as LAP. The LAP was subsequently modified via acetylation method, producing a series of acetylated derivatives with varying degrees of substitution, referred to as LAP-1, LAP-2 and LAP-3, respectively.

Establishment of a YKL-40 time-resolved Immunoassay and Application in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

To develop a highly sensitive, wide-linear-range time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) to detect serum YKL-40 and to measure its concentrations in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A double-antibody sandwich method was employed to establish the YKL-40 TRFIA, which utilizes two antibodies targeting distinct epitopes on the YKL-40 antigen (a coating antibody and a labeled antibody). The assay's linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and recovery rate were evaluated.

The predictive value of D-dimer combined with systemic immune-inflammation index for the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism in AECOPD patients.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the predictive potential of D-dimer levels and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) for identifying concurrent pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving 75 patients with AECOPD and concurrent PTE, admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between June 2017 and December 2020. A control group comprising 76 AECOPD patients without PTE was included for comparison.

Clinical efficacy of azithromycin-budesonide combination therapy in pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of adjunctive budesonide (BUD) therapy combined with azithromycin (AZM) in pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia (MPP).

Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis examined 120 pediatric MPP cases. Participants were stratified into either a control group (n=55, standard AZM treatment) or an observation group (n=65, AZM in combination with BUD) based on their treatment regimen.

A Real-Time Artifact Removal System for Closed-Loop Deep-Brain Stimulation.

This paper presents a novel real-time signal processing method for removing local field potential (LFP) artifacts during deep-brain stimulation (DBS). Real-time artifact removal is essential for closed-loop DBS systems, as they rely on real-time, artifact-free LFPs to provide stimulation feedback. Building on previous stimulation-sampling synchronization methods, this work introduces a dynamic template subtraction method that achieves precise and efficient real-time removal of stimulation artifacts.

Neuronal Endothelin a Receptor Mediates Experimental and Clinical Vascular Pain through an Endothelial-Neural Axis.

Vascular dysfunction causes vascular pain (VP), the most common clinical manifestation of prevalent vascular diseases, while the mechanisms remain elusive. Mouse models are developed by mimicking peripheral vascular diseases and combining multiple strategies to demonstrate that primary sensory neuronal endothelin A receptor (ETAR) mediates experimental and clinical VP through an endothelial-neural axis. Endothelial cells (ECs), but not macrophages or smooth muscle cells (SMCs), release endothelin-1 (ET-1) and directly activate primary sensory neurons by binding to ETAR on sensory neurons, resulting in VP.

A novel stepwise and continuous high-volume irrigation drainage technique for managing cervical anastomotic leaks post-esophagectomy.

Background: Recently, minimally invasive surgical modalities have become the mainstream approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer, but the incidence rate of anastomotic leak (AL) has not significantly decreased. Compared to intrathoracic anastomoses, cervical anastomotic leaks (CALs) occur at a higher rate. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the local management for CALs.