Development of Blocking ELISA Kit Based on Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody for the Serological Diagnosis of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was a highly contagious and economically devastating disease affecting sheep and goats. The performance and cost of serological diagnostic kit remained a major challenge for PPR eradication.

Objective: The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PPR virus and its monoclonal antibody (mAb) were engineered for development of a blocking ELISA.

Impact of Heat Stress on Ovarian Function and circRNA Expression in Hu Sheep.

Climate change poses an increasing threat to livestock reproduction, with heat stress (HS) known to significantly impair ovarian function. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of HS on ovarian function and circRNA expression profiles in Hu sheep. Twelve ewes were randomly assigned to a control (Con, = 6) or HS group ( = 6) and exposed to different temperatures for 68 days.

Pathogenicity analysis of a Chinese Genogroup II Akabane virus strain (TJ2016) in mouse models.

Background: Akabane virus (AKAV) is divided into five genogroups (I to V), and strains of different genogroups exhibit marked differences in pathogenicity. We isolated a genogroup II AKAV strain, TJ2016, in China in 2016, but its virulence remains unknown. The pathogenic potential of other genogroup II strains isolated in China also remains uncharacterized.

Development of Real-Time and Lateral Flow Dipstick Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assays for the Rapid Field Diagnosis of MGF-505R Gene-Deleted Mutants of African Swine Fever Virus.

Pigs are susceptible to the deadly infectious disease known as African swine fever (ASF), which is brought on by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). As such, prompt and precise disease detection is essential. Deletion of the virulence-related genes MGF-505/360 and EP402R generated from the virulent genotype II virus significantly reduces its virulence, and animal tests using one of the recombinant viruses show great lethality and transmissibility in pigs.

Permafrost Peatland Initiation and Development in Late Holocene of the Northeast China.

Peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, the initiation and development of permafrost peatlands and their responses to climate change remain unclear, hindering our understanding of the past and future of this region. In this study, we reconstructed the evolution of permafrost peatlands in the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM) of Northeast China since 3500 cal yr BP using palynological evidence from permafrost peatland core and AMSC dating.

The feasibility of using liver function indices and FibroScan in combination to predict the occurrence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in Patients with liver disease.

Background: The study aims to assess the feasibility of using a combined approach of liver function indices and FibroScan measurements as a predictive tool for the early detection of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with existing liver disease.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including adult tuberculosis patients with documented liver disease. Liver function was assessed using standard biochemical parameters, and FibroScan examinations were performed to determine liver stiffness measurement (LSM).

Identification of a broadly neutralizing epitope within Gc protein of Akabane virus using newly prepared neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Akabane virus (AKAV) is characterized by abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, and congenital deformities in livestock and is widely distributed throughout Australia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Gc protein is the major neutralizing target of AKAV and is often considered as an immunogen to prepare neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we prepared and characterized three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 4D1, 4E6, and 4F12, against the Gc protein of AKAV (TJ2016 strain).

Separation of spring viraemia of carp virus from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads.

A method for separation of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with a polyclonal antibody against SVCV was developed. The optimum amount of IMBs was 2 mg in 100 mL. After IMB treatment, the detection limit of SVCV in reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was 10 times the 50% tissue culture infectious dose per mL in 100-mL samples.

Generation of Stable Cell Lines Expressing Akabane Virus N Protein and Insight into Its Function in Viral Replication.

Akabane virus (AKAV) is a world wide epidemic arbovirus belonging to the order that predominantly infects livestock and causes severe congenital malformations. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of AKAV possesses multiple important functions in the virus life cycle, and it is an ideal choice for AKAV detection. In this study, we successfully constructed two stable BHK-21 cell lines (C8H2 and F7E5) that constitutively express the AKAV N protein using a lentivirus system combined with puromycin selection.

Characterization and Double-Antibody Sandwich ELISA Application of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Akabane Virus Nucleocapsid Protein.

Background: Akabane virus (AKAV) is a Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that is teratogenic to the fetus of cattle and small ruminant species.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an effective diagnostic assay for the detection of AKAV using produced monoclonal antibody (mAb).

Method: First, the mAb against N protein of AKAV was produced and characterized by Western blot (WB) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assays.

Development of a Blocking ELISA Kit for Detection of ASFV Antibody Based on a Monoclonal Antibody Against Full-Length p72.

Background: African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiologic agent of African swine fever (ASF), a disease of highly contagious and significant threat to pork production. At present, the sensitive detection methods are the keys to the disease control.

Objective: Full-length p72 is produced by a eukaryotic system, and its monoclonal antibody (mAb) 34C10 is subsequently recovered.

A Novel, Reverse Transcription, Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Combined, Sensitive Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread over the world since its emergence. Although the dominant route of SARS-CoV-2 infection is respiratory, a number of studies revealed infection risk from contaminated surfaces and products, including porcine-derived food and other products. The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been severely threatening public health, and disrupting porcine products trade and the pig industry.

A new landscape of rabbit gut microbiota shaped by the infection of precocious parasites of Eimeria intestinalis.

Rabbit intestinal coccidiosis is caused by one or several Eimeria species, which cause intestinal damage and secondary bacterial infection. However, the impact of Eimeria infection on gut microbiota is much unknown. To evaluate the influence, we detected the feces flora of SPF rabbits infected with the 1 × 10 oocysts of E.

Characterization and reverse genetic establishment of cattle derived Akabane virus in China.

Background: Akabane virus (AKAV) is an important insect-borne virus which is widely distributed throughout the world except the Europe and is considered as a great threat to herbivore health.

Results: An AKAV strain defined as TJ2016 was firstly isolated from the bovine sera in China in 2016. Sequence analysis of the S and M segments suggested that the isolated AKAV strain was closely related to the AKAV strains JaGAr39 and JaLAB39, which belonged to AKAV genogroup II.

Application of an AlphaLISA method for rapid sensitive detection of African swine fever virus in porcine serum.

Infection with African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes an acute and highly lethal hemorrhagic disease that has been responsible for huge economic losses in China. To exactly detect the antigen of ASFV, we established a rapid, no-wash, one-step sandwich-type immunoassay based on the amplified luminescent proximity homogenous assay-linked immunosorbent assay (AlphaLISA) using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) M-5 and M-6 against ASFV p72. ASFV p72 in samples was captured by biotinylated mAb M-5 connected to the donor bead surface via streptavidin and "sandwiched" by mAb M-6 which was coated onto the acceptor bead.

Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for the Rapid Detection of Channel Catfish Virus.

Background: Channel catfish virus disease (CCVD) has resulted in great economic losses and has restricted the development of fisheries. There is therefore, a need for rapid and efficient diagnostic methods to control the spread of CCVD.

Objective: A colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip has been developed for the detection of CCVD.

Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Goat pox Virus, Sheeppox Virus, and Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Background: The diseases caused by the Capripoxvirus species have very similar symptoms and are difficult to distinguish clinically. According to a recent report, Capripoxvirus are not strictly host specific.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the viruses from ovine (include sheep and goat) or bovine, which will assist in selecting the appropriate vaccine and correct measures to control diseases.

A quantum dot fluorescent microsphere based immunochromatographic strip for detection of brucellosis.

Background: Brucellosis is a serious zoonosis disease that frequently causes significant economic loss in animal husbandry and threatens human health. Therefore, we established a rapid, accurate, simple and sensitive fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test (ICST) based on quantum dots (QDs) for detection the antibodies of Brucella infection animals serum.

Results: The test strips were successfully prepared by quantum dot fluorescent microspheres (QDFM) as tracers, which were covalently coupled to an outer membrane protein of Brucella OMP22.

Genetically modified adipose-derived stem cells with matrix metalloproteinase 3 promote scarless cutaneous repair.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) possess strong regenerative potencies and have been used to improve wound healing in animal models and clinical studies. However, the use of ASCs on scarless wound healing is not satisfactory. Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) is involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remolding and scar formation.

Identification and Molecular Analysis of Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Domestic Animals and Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Tarim Basin of Southern Xinjiang, China.

Livestock husbandry is vital to economy of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. However, there have been few surveys of the distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne pathogens affecting domestic animals at these locations. In this study, 3,916 adult ixodid ticks infesting domestic animals were collected from 23 sampling sites during 2012-2016.

Development of polyclonal-antibody-coated immunomagnetic beads for separation and detection of koi herpesvirus in large-volume samples.

To separate and concentrate koi herpesvirus (KHV) from large-volume samples, a separation method based on immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with polyclonal antibody directed against KHV was developed. After treatment with IMBs, viral DNA was extracted from samples and used as a template for quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results showed that the concentration of the template DNA extracted from the virus that had been separated using IMBs was 9.

Comparative evaluation of two commercial ELISA kits for detection of antibodies against Akabane virus in cattle serum.

Background: Akabane disease (AD), a barrier to international trade for endemic areas with far economic impact on the countries, is caused by Akabane virus (AKAV). Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a commonly used diagnostic technique for AKAV infection, including the IDEXX and IDVET ELISA kits. However, the comparative evaluation of the IDEXX and IDVET ELISA kits has not been published.

Multiplex detection of six swine viruses on an integrated centrifugal disk using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

Advances in molecular testing and microfluidic technologies have opened new avenues for rapid detection of animal viruses. We used a centrifugal microfluidic disk (CMFD) to detect 6 important swine viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory swine virus-North American genotype, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus, and porcine parvovirus. Through integrating the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and microfluidic chip technology, the CMFD could be successfully performed at 62℃ in 60 min.