ApoE4 Upregulates GSK-3β to Aggravate Alzheimer-Like Pathologies and Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Background: The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 allele and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are independent risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. The T2DM patients carrying the ApoE ε4 allele exhibit heightened activation of platelet glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a key downstream kinase in the insulin signaling pathway, along with more severe cognitive deficits. This observation suggests an intrinsic link between ApoE ε4, GSK-3β, and cognitive dysfunction.

Non-coding RNAs-glycolysis axis in cancer therapy resistance: Insight into mechanism to therapeutic solution.

Despite advancements in cancer therapy, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, resistance to cancer treatment remains a significant clinical challenge. Metabolic reprogramming and dysfunctional glycolysis, a defining characteristic of cancer cells, are commonly observed in drug-resistant cancer cells. Besides glycolytic enzymes, several signaling molecules-including EGFR, HIF-1α, AMPK, and β-catenin-are involved in the regulation of glycolysis and play crucial roles in mediating resistance to cancer therapy.

Pulsatile sequential drug release system for cascade tumor deep penetration and differentiation therapy to enhance chemoimmunotherapy.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to chemoresistance and immunosuppression, constraining chemoimmunotherapy outcomes. Differentiation therapy, aiming to mature CSCs and MDSCs, shows great promise. However, its efficacy is hindered by limited accessibility in hypoxic deep tumor regions.

Flooding and Cognitive Health among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Thailand: A Case Study of Resilient City Policy in Bangkok.

Thailand, a developing country in Southeast Asia, faces significant challenges due to urbanization, population aging, and climate change. This case study focuses on an adaptation strategy implemented in Bangkok to address the impacts of flooding. The study aims to examine the short-, medium-, and long-term effects of flooding exposure on cognitive health among middle-aged and older adults in Thailand and to identify the role of resilient city policy (RCP) in mitigating these impacts.

Potentiation of acid-sensing ion channel currents by EGF/EGFR signaling in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is located in primary sensory neurons and has been implicated in pain processing. However, its mechanism is still not well understood. The aim of the investigation is to determine whether EGFR signaling affects pain-associated ion channels in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.

Mechanism of action of decitabine in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of decitabine (DAC) in inhibiting acute T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Methods: Human T-ALL cells (CCRF-CEM) were treated with varying concentrations of DAC, and cell proliferation was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle alterations.

Exploring the bioactivity of MicroRNAs Originated from Plant-derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles (PELNs): current perspectives.

Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring biomolecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which are key regulators of gene expression. While mammalian-derived exosomes (MDEs) have shown therapeutic promise, their clinical application has been limited by challenges such as immune-related toxicities, low yield and high production costs. In contrast, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) offer a sustainable, biocompatible, and cost-effective alternative, encapsulating a diverse array of bioactive miRNAs with significant therapeutic potential.

Direct panoramic optical imaging for closed surfaces.

Common methods for panoramic imaging of closed surfaces currently involve the use of motion or multiple cameras, combined with image processing algorithms to reconstruct a full-perspective image. These methods require image reconstruction and post-processing, which limits the accuracy of the imaging. In this study, we propose a silver-glass composite layered structure with subwavelength spacing to create an equivalent null medium in the optical band.

Divergent synthesis of alkylphosphonate-containing indanes and indenes norbornene derivative-controlled palladium-catalyzed three-component systems.

A palladium-catalyzed divergent three-component reaction employing norbornene derivatives as controlled switches toward phosphonate-containing indenes and indanes was established. When using norbornadiene, norbornene or 7-oxabenzonorbornadiene as a substrate, alkylphosphonate-containing indanes were synthesized through a cascade [3+2] cyclization and alkylation of P(O)H process. Alternatively, oxanorbornadiene enabled the assembly of phosphonate-containing indenes a subsequent retro-Diels-Alder reaction.

Dynamics of magnetic skyrmions under steady and time-varying deformation.

Since 2009, magnetic skyrmions have been identified in diverse materials, attracting interest for their small size, intriguing emergent physics and new device concepts. Over the years, the interplay between deformation and dynamics has been an important topic of magnetic textures, with well-known phenomena like Döring mass, domain wall Walker breakdown and vortex oscillations. This topic is being extended to magnetic skyrmions and is critical for their practical applications.

MERS-related coronavirus circulating in pangolins exhibits strong fusogenicity in human cells and high sensitivity to fusion inhibitors.

Unlike preceding MERS-related coronaviruses, the recently identified MjHKU4r-CoV-1 strain can directly infect human cells. Nonetheless, its potential pathogenic attributes and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We find that MjHKU4r-CoV-1 induces significant inflammation, including interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and exhibits pronounced fusogenicity mediated by its spike (S) protein, leading to extensive syncytium formation.

The association between the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio and albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and early screening and diagnosis are crucial for preventing end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW), as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), may be closely associated with the development of DKD. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ECW/TBW and albuminuria in T2DM patients and to explore its potential as an early diagnostic tool.

Identification of a stromal immunosuppressive barrier orchestrated by SPP1/C1QC macrophages and CD8 exhausted T cells driving gastric cancer immunotherapy resistance.

Purpose: The heterogeneity of immune cells is a critical manifestation of gastric cancer (GC) heterogeneity and significantly contributes to immune therapy resistance. Although previous studies have focused on the roles of specific myeloid cells and exhausted CD8 T cells in immune resistance, the immune cell interaction network and its spatiotemporal distribution in GC immune resistance remain underexplored.

Methods: This study integrated multiple GC single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, bulk-RNA sequencing, and single-cell immunotherapy datasets of our cohort (NFHGC Cohort).

The effect of tropical cyclone on cognitive function in older adults: A longitudinal study from Thailand.

Background: In the context of climate change, tropical cyclones (TCs) pose an escalating threat to human health. This study examined the effects of TCs on cognitive function of older adults in Thailand and explored underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Data came from two sources: the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand (HART) survey and Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT).

Profiles of Approaches to Writing and Their Links to Self-Efficacy and LLM Acceptance in L2 Academic Writing.

Approaches to writing play an important role in both the writing processes and outcomes. However, little is known about whether L2 writers adopt different combinations of approaches in academic writing contexts and what factors predict such combinations. Hence, this study aimed to identify different profiles of approaches to writing in an L2 academic context and examine how they are predicted by writing self-efficacy and large language model (LLM) acceptance.

Insights into Carbon-Based Aerogels Toward High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: A Review of Strategies for Sulfur Incorporation Within Carbon Aerogel Frameworks.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), possessing excellent theoretical capacities, advanced theoretical energy densities, low cost, and nontoxicity, are one of the most promising energy storage battery systems. However, some issues, including poor conductivity of elemental S, the "shuttle effect" of high-order lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and sluggish reaction kinetics, hinder the commercialization of LSBs. To solve these problems, various carbon-based aerogels with developed surface morphology, tunable pores, and electrical conductivity have been examined for immobilizing sulfur, mitigating its volume variation and enhancing its electrochemical kinetics.

[Retracted] Upregulation of GRIM‑19 suppresses the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma and .

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the western blot data shown in Figs. 1C and 5C on p. 2186 and p.

End-Of-Life Care Planning Among Older Vietnamese and Filipino Americans: A Qualitative Analysis.

Racial and ethnic disparities in end-of-life (EOL) care planning persist, particularly due to limited knowledge of culturally sensitive practices among older Vietnamese and Filipino Americans - two of the largest Southeast Asian American subgroups. To address this gap, we used a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore attitudes, barriers, and facilitators toward EOL care planning. Three virtual focus groups were conducted: one Filipino group and two Vietnamese groups (one in English, one in Vietnamese), with nine participants aged 55 or older.

Engineered platelet-derived exosomal spheres for enhanced tumor penetration and extended circulation in melanoma immunotherapy.

Cells and exosomes derived from them are extensively used as biological carrier systems. Cells demonstrate superior targeting specificity and prolonged circulation facilitated by their rich array of surface proteins, while exosomes, due to their small size, cross barriers and penetrate tumors efficiently. However, challenges remain, cells' large size restricts tissue penetration, and exosomes have limited targeting accuracy and short circulation times.

A novel organoid model retaining the glioma microenvironment for personalized drug screening and therapeutic evaluation.

Glioma is an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Establishing an in vitro culture model that closely replicates the cellular composition and microenvironment of the original tumor has been challenging, limiting its clinical applications. Here, we present a novel approach to generate glioma organoids with a microenvironment (GlioME) from patient-derived glioma tissue.

Arthroscopic-assisted uniportal spinal surgery with annular repair for lumbar disc herniation in hemophilia: A case report.

Rationale: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in patients with hemophilia A (HA) presents significant surgical challenges due to elevated perioperative bleeding risks. Traditional surgical approaches may increase the likelihood of complications such as epidural hematoma and disc reherniation, necessitating innovative strategies. This report introduces arthroscopic-assisted uniportal spinal surgery (AUSS) combined with annular suturing repair and ligamentum flavum preservation as a minimally invasive approach designed to mitigate these risks and improve surgical outcomes in patients with HA.

Evaluation of MC-80 automatic blood cell morphology analyzer in identifying the morphology of blood cells in patients with hematological diseases and normal samples.

Background: This study evaluates the performance of the MC-80 automatic blood cell morphology analyzer in identifying the morphology of blood cells in patients with hematological diseases and normal samples.

Methods: A total of 320 patients with hematological diseases and 200 healthy persons with health examination from the health examination center between January 2023 and May 2024 were selected as research subjects, and 520 venous blood samples were collected in this study. The morphology of white blood cells, nucleated red blood cells, platelets, and mature red blood cells was all detected by the MC-80 automatic blood cell morphology analyzer and compared with the manual microscopic examination.

Electrospinning Nanofibers Combined with Blood-Derived Preparations in Bone Regeneration: Current Developments and Perspectives.

Autologous blood-derived preparations are enriched with growth factors (GFs) important for bone regeneration; however, the cytokines in blood-derived preparations are often released in bursts. Electrospinning nanofibers can mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote cellular osteogenesis. In recent years, techniques for combining autologous blood-derirved preparations and electrospinning nanofibers have been developed with the aim of slowing down the release of cytokines from blood-derived preparations, decreasing the rate of degradation of the nanomaterials, and facilitating intracellular and extracellular exchange of substances to provide a favorable microenvironment for bone regeneration.

Exploring the associations between intraoperative electroencephalographic depression mediated by different anaesthetic drugs and negative postoperative behavioural changes in children undergoing day surgery: a protocol for a two-centre randomised clinical trial.

Background: Negative postoperative behavioural changes (NPOBCs) are among the most common complications of paediatric anaesthesia. The association between electroencephalogram (EEG) suppression and postoperative outcomes in previous clinical studies has been limited to delirium occurring early in the anaesthesia recovery room, and there are no reports of associations with negative postoperative behavioural changes in the distant postoperative period. However, this has important implications for children undergoing day surgery who are discharged on the same day after surgery.