Enantioselective hepatotoxicity of rac- epoxiconazole and epoxiconazole enantiomers in lizards (Eremias argus).

Epoxiconazole (EPX) is widely applied to control various fungal diseases in crops. However, the toxicological effects of EPX on reptiles remain unknown, especially at the enantiomer level. In this study, lizards were repeatedly exposed to rac-EPX, (+)-EPX, and (-)-EPX at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg bw for 21 days.

Pulsatile sequential drug release system for cascade tumor deep penetration and differentiation therapy to enhance chemoimmunotherapy.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to chemoresistance and immunosuppression, constraining chemoimmunotherapy outcomes. Differentiation therapy, aiming to mature CSCs and MDSCs, shows great promise. However, its efficacy is hindered by limited accessibility in hypoxic deep tumor regions.

Impact of artificial liver plasma perfusion combined with plasma exchange therapy on clinical efficacy and short-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure with or without HIV infection.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of plasma perfusion combined with plasma exchange (PP + PE) artificial liver support system in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure with and without HIV infection (HBV-ACLF/HIV(+) and HBV-ACLF/HIV(-), respectively) and to assess the clinical value and safety of the artificial liver support system.

Methods: This study involved 162 patients diagnosed with HBV-ACLF and hospitalized at Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 2020 to January 2025, in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (2025 edition). Seventeen patients with tumors, severe underlying diseases, or other hepatitis virus infections were excluded.

Episode-specific cortical functional connectome reorganization and neurobiological correlates in bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric condition characterized by distinct episodes: manic (BipM), depressive (BipD), mixed (mBD), and remission (rBD). Current evidence indicates alterations in brain functional connectivity in BD, yet a comprehensive understanding across all episodes remains incomplete.

Methods: Here, to investigate how different BD episodes alter brain functional organization, we calculated the sensory-association axis using diffusion map embedding on the functional connectome matrix and compared this axis between the four BD groups and neurotypical controls.

Cost-effectiveness of benmelstobart-anlotinib-chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: A comparative analysis across United States and Chinese healthcare systems.

Introduction: Benmelstobart and anlotinib plus etoposide-carboplatin (EC) group has demonstrated substantial clinical efficacy in improving survival outcomes for patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, the high treatment cost raises concerns regarding its affordability and cost-effectiveness across healthcare systems with heterogeneous pricing and reimbursement mechanisms.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of benmelstobart and anlotinib plus EC group compared to EC alone group and anlotinib plus EC group from both US and Chinese payer perspectives.

Self-degradable "gemini-like" ionizable lipid-mediated delivery of siRNA for subcellular-specific gene therapy of hepatic diseases.

Tailored lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanomedicines show promise in treating liver disease, such as acute liver injury (ALI) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, constructing LNPs that address biosafety concerns, ensure efficient delivery, and target specific hepatic subcellular fractions has been challenging. To evade above obstacles, we develop three novel self-degradable "gemini-like" ionizable lipids (SS-MA, SS-DC, SS-MH) by incorporating disulfide bonds and modifying the length of ester bond and tertiary amino head.

Anterior-posterior systematic deficits of cortical thickness in early-onset schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental condition with alterations in both sensory and association cortical areas. These alterations have been reported to follow structural connectivity patterning, and to occur in a system-level fashion. Here we investigated whether pathological alterations of schizophrenia originate from an early disruption of cortical organization.

Comparative assessment of thyroid disrupting effects of ethiprole and its metabolites: In silico, in vitro, and in vivo study.

Ethiprole is widely used as a second-generation phenyl pyrazole insecticide. Previous studies indicated that ethiprole exhibited thyroid toxicity while two main metabolites (ethiprole sulfone (M1) and ethiprole sulfide (M2)) of ethiprole showed higher acute toxicity than ethiprole. Therefore, assessing the thyroid toxicity of its metabolites is crucial for safety assessment.

Floating-leaved and submerged macrophytes suppress filamentous cyanobacteria blooms and 2-MIB episodes in eutrophic shallow lakes.

Although macrophytes can control filamentous cyanobacteria that produce 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in lakes, there is a lack of evidence regarding the inhibitory effects of different macrophyte growth forms on 2-MIB producers, as well as the underlying mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, this study compared the impact of floating-leaved and submerged macrophytes on Pseudanabaena growth and 2-MIB release, combing a field investigation and culture experiments. The field survey showed that both the Pseudanabaena cell density and 2-MIB concentrations were significantly lower in areas dominated by floating-leaved or submerged macrophytes than in phytoplankton-dominated areas.

Management strategies and outcomes for fracture-related infection of patellar fractures.

Introduction: Fracture-related infection (FRI) poses a substantial challenge in orthopaedic trauma surgery, potentially leading to permanent functional impairment or necessitating amputation in patients who are expected to recover fully. Data on the incidence, pathogen detection rates, outcomes, and optimal management strategies for patellar FRI are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most common pathogens associated with patellar fixation-related infections, evaluate the functional outcome associated with FRI of the patella, and develop a management algorithm for addressing these severe complications.

Identification of the Hub Gene LDB3 in Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection Based on Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis.

Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening disease. This study explored the role of LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3) in TAAD progression. Four datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed to identify TAAD-related hub genes.

Exploring palliative care needs of advanced AIDS patients in China: insights from a descriptive phenomenological study.

Background: HIV is still an incurable disease, causing many problems in the daily lives of patients and affecting their overall quality of life. Previous studies have shown that advanced AIDS patients have more serious physical, psychological, social, and economic problems than HIV patients and that advanced AIDS patients have more unmet needs at this time. The main objective of this study is to better understand the needs of late-stage AIDS patients and to develop targeted palliative care services for them.

Inhibition of high glucose-induced cardiac fibroblast activation: an effective treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy using Chinese herbal medicine.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the common diabetic microangiopathy in clinical practice. In the early stage of the disease, there are no obvious clinical symptoms. In the middle and late stages, MF, arrhythmia, and even heart failure may occur, affecting the life and health of patients.

A multimodal characterization of low-dimensional thalamocortical structural connectivity patterns.

The human thalamus is a heterogeneous subcortical structure coordinating whole-brain activity. Investigations of its internal organization reveal differentiable subnuclei, however, a consensus on subnuclei boundaries remains absent. Recent work suggests that thalamic organization additionally reflects continuous axes transcending nuclear boundaries.

Assessment of patient preferences for assisted reproductive technology in China: a discrete choice experiment.

Objectives: Given China's low fertility rate, assisted reproductive technology (ART) can be used assist infertile patients in having children. This study aimed to analyse patients' preferences for ART and to determine the relative importance (RI) and willingness to pay (WTP) of key attributes.

Design: We identified six attributes of ART and used a D-efficient design to generate choice sets for conducting a discrete choice experiment.

Manganese(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylation To Access P-Stereogenic Phosphines.

This work introduces a novel Mn(I)-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation methodology that efficiently produces a wide array of P-chiral phosphines with outstanding yields and enantioselectivities. Notably, the exceptional reactivity of Mn(I) complexes in these reactions is demonstrated by their effective catalysis with both typically reactive alkyl iodides and bromides, as well as with less reactive alkyl chlorides. This approach broadens the accessibility to various P-chiral phosphines and simplifies the synthesis of chiral tridentate pincer phosphines to a concise 1-2 step process, contrary to conventional, labor-intensive multistep procedures.

Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal factors behind diabetic nephropathy: evidence, opportunities, and challenges.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the most serious minor vascular complication of diabetes, imposes a significant socioeconomic and medical cost around the world, and its prevention and treatment are a major challenge in the current medical community. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials have revealed protective and risk factors for some DN. However, the conclusions of these researches may be influenced by several types of confounding.

Quantifying the global biodiversity of Proterozoic eukaryotes.

The global diversity of Proterozoic eukaryote fossils is poorly quantified despite its fundamental importance to the understanding of macroevolutionary patterns and dynamics on the early Earth. Here we report a new construction of fossil eukaryote diversity from the Paleoproterozoic to early Cambrian based on a comprehensive data compilation and quantitative analyses. The resulting taxonomic richness curve verifies Cryogenian glaciations as a major divide that separates the "Boring Billion" and Ediacaran periods, with the former characterized by a prolonged stasis, and the latter by greater diversity, more-rapid turnover, and multiple radiations and extinctions.

Mechanistic insight into the neurodevelopmental toxicity of the novel pesticide pyrifluquinazon (PFQ) and its major metabolite in early-life stage zebrafish.

Pyrifluquinazon (PFQ), a novel insecticide containing a heptafluoroisopropyl moiety, has seen increasing use. However, limited research has been conducted on the toxicological effects and mechanisms of PFQ in aquatic organisms. To investigate the toxicity and underlying mechanisms of PFQ and its primary metabolite dPFQ in aquatic organisms, morphological, behavioral, hormonal, multi-omics analyses, and molecular docking studies were conducted on zebrafish larvae after exposure.

Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive conjugate alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones.

Catalytic electrochemical asymmetric catalysis is emerging as a promising strategy for the synthesis of chiral compounds. Herein, we report an asymmetric electrochemical nickel-catalysed reductive conjugate addition of alkenyl bromides/aryl iodides to α,β-unsaturated ketones in an undivided cell, leading to addition products with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% yield and 96% ee).

6PPD, Not 6PPD-Quinone, Induced Serious Zebrafish Eye Damage by Disrupting the Thyroid Signaling Pathway.

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its oxidation product 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ) showed different acute toxicities and bioaccumulation potencies in fish. In this study, we compared the thyroid disrupting effects of 6PPD and 6PPDQ through , , and assays. Interestingly, although 6PPD and 6PPDQ showed similar docking affinities with thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms and GH3 cell inhibition effects, the thyroid signaling pathway, eye development, phototactic behaviors, and cell density in the retinal layer in the larval zebrafish were significantly affected only following 6PPD exposure.

Mechanistic Insight into the Reproductive Toxicity of Trifloxystrobin in Male Rats.

Previous studies have demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of trifluorostrobin (TRI) in male organisms. However, the underlying mechanisms of TRI responsible for testicular damage and hormonal disruption remain elusive. This study elucidated the male reproductive toxicity of TRI at the molecular level under environmentally relevant concentrations and its associations with gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Relationship between stroke and estimated glucose disposal rate: results from two prospective cohort studies.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a recognized contributor to stroke association, and the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) is a dependable indicator of IR. However, the specific connections between eGDR, stroke prevalence, and overall mortality have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine how eGDR correlates with stroke and overall death rate.

Microstructural asymmetry in the human cortex.

The human cerebral cortex shows hemispheric asymmetry, yet the microstructural basis of this asymmetry remains incompletely understood. Here, we probe layer-specific microstructural asymmetry using one post-mortem male brain. Overall, anterior and posterior regions show leftward and rightward asymmetry respectively, but this pattern varies across cortical layers.