Unveiling an Innovative Pathway for Enhancing Lithium-ion Conductivity of LiPWO Electrolyte via Pressure Modulation Strategy.

Solid-state lithium-ion batteries have raised considerable attention due to their great potential for the development of new energy storage devices with high energy density and safety. However, enhancing ion conductivity in solid-state electrolytes stands as a pivotal challenge for the large-scale commercialization of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Here, a high-pressure strategy is reported to achieve the significant enhancement of lithium-ion conductivity by 2 orders of magnitude and the disappearance of grain boundary resistance in polyoxometalate LiPWO electrolyte via an irreversible phase transition from Keggin to bronze structure.

Clinical Outcomes of RA FE-TLIF Compared to FE-TLIF in Patients With Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS) is a spinal disorder that often necessitates surgical intervention. However, evidence on the comparative clinical value of robot-assisted full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (RA FE-TLIF) versus conventional FE-TLIF in early-grade (Grades I and II) LS remains limited, leaving uncertainty about its true clinical value in this patient population. This study aims to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of FE-TLIF with RA FE-TLIF in patients with Grade I and II LS.

Metabolomics analysis of gut metabolites in patients with colorectal polyps and in healthy individuals.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the metabolomic signatures associated with colorectal polyps (CPs) in the gut. A metabolomics analysis was conducted on fecal samples collected from patients diagnosed with CPs as well as from healthy participants. A total of 60 participants were selected for analysis, including 30 patients diagnosed with CPs (CP group) and 30 healthy individuals serving as controls [healthy control (HC) group].

The Dynamic Impacts of Serial Prevention-and-Control Policies Against COVID-19 Pandemic on Residents' Emergency Medical Service Demands in China Pre- and Post-Reopening: An Observational Study.

Background: China has implemented serial prevention-and-control policies against COVID-19 pandemic pre- and post-reopening, yet it was unclear whether these policy adjustments resulted in changes in residents' emergency medical services (EMS) demands.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the impacts of gradual loosening and reopening policies against the COVID-19 pandemic on residents' EMS demands.

Methods: We conducted an observational study using a data set of 42,909 EMS call records from Nanning Emergency Medical Center during November 2022 to January 2023.

Sleep Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Investigating the Mediating Role of Inflammatory Markers in a Large NHANES Adult Population.

Inflammation plays a central role in the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the intricate relationships between sleep patterns, inflammatory markers, and CVD risk remain insufficiently understood. This study aims to explore these associations, with a specific focus on the mediating role of inflammatory markers and their nonlinear effects.

Classification of familial and non-familial ADHD using auto-encoding network and binary hypothesis testing.

Family history is one the most powerful risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet no study has tested whether multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) combined with deep learning can separate familial ADHD (ADHD-F) and non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF). T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI data from 438 children (129 ADHD-F, 159 ADHD-NF, and 150 controls) were parcellated into 425 cortical and white-matter metrics. Our pipeline combined three feature-selection steps (t-test filtering, mutual-information ranking, and Lasso) with an auto-encoder and applied the binary-hypothesis strategy throughout; each held-out subject was assigned both possible labels in turn and evaluated under leave-one-out testing nested within five-fold cross-validation.

A machine learning and counterfactual reasoning-integrated decision framework for cadmium remediation: Predictive optimization and cost-benefit analysis driven by iron plaque regulation.

Environmental remediation strategies for cadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice paddies often face challenges due to reliance on time-consuming field trials and limited pre-assessment of intervention efficacy. Here, we propose a machine learning and causal inference-integrated framework to enable proactive decision-making, using iron plaque-mediated Cd immobilization as a model system. By analyzing 76 paired soil-rice samples, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) identified six critical drivers of grain Cd accumulation from 31 physicochemical and microbial indicators.

Plasma SIRT7 as a novel biomarker for coronary artery disease and rehospitalization risk in hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

The exact role of SIRT7 in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore plasma SIRT7 levels and their clinical significance in this population. From July 2022 to June 2024, 222 hypertensive patients (106 with isolated hypertension and 116 with hypertension plus CAD) were enrolled.

Endogenous fine-mapping and prioritization of functional regulatory elements in complex genetic loci.

Most genetic loci linked to polygenic traits are in non-coding regions, with complex regulation and linkage disequilibrium (LD), complicating causal variant and gene prioritization. We used multiplexed single-cell CRISPR interference and activation perturbations to investigate cis-regulatory element (CRE) and gene expression relationships within tight LD in the endogenous chromatin context. We demonstrated the prevalence of multiple causality in perfect LD (pLD) for independent expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and uncovered fine-grained genetic effects on gene expression within pLD, which are difficult to decipher using traditional eQTL fine-mapping or existing computational methods.

Integrated DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis reveals the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying maize response to copper stress.

DNA methylation plays a crucial role in plants' adaptation to environmental stresses. However, the precise role of DNA methylation in regulating the response of maize (Zea mays L.) to copper stress remains incompletely understood.

Virtual reality-based cue exposure therapy reduces psychological craving in men with methamphetamine use disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Reducing psychological craving is critical for preventing relapse in methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR)-based cue exposure therapy (CET) and cue exposure with aversion therapy (CETA) in reducing methamphetamine craving in men with MUD. In this randomized controlled trial, 89 men with MUD were assigned to three groups: VR-based cue exposure therapy (CET, n = 30), VR-based cue exposure combined with aversion therapy (CETA, n = 29), and neutral scenes (NS, n = 30).

Case Report: Pediatric acute suppurative thyroiditis caused by : a rare presentation revealing pyriform sinus fistula.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare, potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the thyroid gland, characterized by rapid progression. We report a rare pediatric case of AST caused by , secondary to a pyriform sinus fistula (PSF), initially misdiagnosed as subacute thyroiditis (SAT). A retrospective analysis highlights the diagnostic challenges and emphasizes the need for early suspicion of PSF in recurrent AST.

Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is a critical modality in cancer treatment, yet its efficacy can be substantially hindered by the tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology has empowered nanomaterials to assume multifunctional roles. These roles encompass drug delivery, radiosensitization, imaging, inducing DNA damage, and decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels to impede the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Giant intrinsic electrocaloric effect in ferroelectrics by local structural engineering.

The electrocaloric effect of ferroelectrics holds great promise for solid-state cooling, potentially replacing traditional vapor-compression refrigeration systems. However, achieving adequate electrocaloric cooling capacity at room temperature remains a formidable challenge due to the need for a high intrinsic electrocaloric effect. While barium titanate ceramic exhibits a pronounced electrocaloric effect near its Curie temperature, typical chemical modifications to enhance electrocaloric properties at room temperature often reduce this intrinsic electrocaloric effect.

Target sequence-conditioned design of peptide binders using masked language modeling.

The computational design of protein-based binders presents unique opportunities to access 'undruggable' targets, but effective binder design often relies on stable three-dimensional structures or structure-influenced latent spaces. Here we introduce PepMLM, a target sequence-conditioned designer of de novo linear peptide binders. Using a masking strategy that positions cognate peptide sequences at the C terminus of target protein sequences, PepMLM finetunes the ESM-2 protein language model to fully reconstruct the binder region, achieving low perplexities matching or improving upon validated peptide-protein sequence pairs.

High-resolution microwave frequency measurement based on frequency-to-time mapping via optical delay scanning.

A high-resolution frequency measurement system utilizing an optical delay scanning technique is proposed and analyzed. The key component is a highly precise scanning optical delay line (ODL), which serves to introduce a continuous time delay difference between two parallel optical paths before the balanced photodiode. By monitoring the AC power curve, the unknown microwave frequency can be identified by the initial notch point on this curve.

AI microscope facilitates accurate interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical scores 0 and 1+ in invasive breast cancer.

Accurate interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores 0 and 1+ is crucial for treating HER2-low breast cancer patients with antibody-drug conjugates. To improve diagnostic precision, we developed models using 698 retrospectively collected HER2 IHC slides of breast cancer and tested them on an additional 501 slides reviewed by one junior and three senior pathologists. The artificial intelligence (AI)-based models included an invasive breast cancer (IBC) region segmentation model (Model I) and a nuclei detection model (Model II).

ChatRadio-Valuer: A Chat Large Language Model for Generalizable Radiology Impression Generation on Multi-institution and Multi-system Data.

Achieving clinical level performance and widespread deployment for generating radiology impressions encounters a giant challenge for conventional artificial intelligence models tailored to specific diseases and organs. Concurrent with the increasing accessibility of radiology reports and advancements in modern general AI techniques, the emergence and potential of deployable radiology AI exploration have been bolstered. Here, we present ChatRadio-Valuer, the first general radiology diagnosis large language model for localized deployment within hospitals and being close to clinical use for multi-institution and multi-system diseases.

Efficacy and safety of inhaled ambroxol solution in improving sputum of lower respiratory tract infection in children: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled ambroxol solution in improving sputum of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children.

Study Design: This study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The patients were administered inhaled ambroxol or a placebo twice a day for 7 days.

Diagnostic value of FNA, ultrasound elastography and CEUS in thyroid carcinoma.

Background: To investigate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA), sonoelastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.

Methodology: A total of 150 patients with suspected thyroid cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected and divided into group A, group B and group C according to random number table, with 50 cases in each group. FNA was used in group A, ultrasound elastography was used in group B, and CEUS was used in group C.

A Novel 14-Gene Panel Associated With Efferocytosis for Predicting Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis Through Bulk and Single-Cell Databases.

Background: Efferocytosis (ER) plays a crucial role in the programmed clearance of dead cells, a process that is mediated by phagocytic immune cells. However, further exploration is needed to determine the full extent of its impact on the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), particularly through interactions among tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methodology And Results: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, as well as additional databases from multiple bioinformatics websites, utilizing 167 ER features derived from the integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk transcriptomic data.

Multimodal Deep Learning Integrating Tumor Radiomics and Mediastinal Adiposity Improves Survival Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prognostic Modeling Study.

Background And Purpose: Prognostic stratification in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents considerable challenges due to tumor heterogeneity. Emerging evidence has proposed that adipose tissue may play a prognostic role in oncological outcomes. This study investigates the integration of deep learning (DL)-derived computed tomography (CT) imaging biomarkers with mediastinal adiposity metrics to develop a multimodal prognostic model for postoperative survival prediction in NSCLC patients.

Working Together to Deliver Person-Centred Care Within the Stepped Care Model: An Australian Multidisciplinary Perspective.

The Australian stepped care model (SCM) in primary mental healthcare aims to provide a structured, accessible and flexible approach to addressing mental health issues. This study, a subset of a broader study, explores the perspectives of multidisciplinary mental health professionals on the implementation and effectiveness of the SCM. Using an exploratory descriptive qualitative methodology, the study collected data from nine participants: mental health nurses, an occupational therapist, a psychologist, a social worker, psychiatrists and a care coordinator, all involved in an SCM.

Photon-by-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis of Within-Burst State Transitions of Single Proteins in Lipid Membranes.

Understanding rapid, nonequilibrium dynamics of single proteins in lipid membranes is crucial but challenging. This study advances fluorescence lifetime analysis by developing a computationally efficient variational Bayesian framework for photon-by-photon hidden Markov modeling. It enables robust and accurate model selection, facilitating real-time tracking of state evolution of a molecule within a brief time frame.

Postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy versus standard of care in resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with intermediate- and high-risk factors: a real-world retrospective study.

Purpose: Improving the prognosis of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) who have intermediate- and high-risk factors has long been a priority for head and neck surgeons. This study aims to evaluate programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors administered as maintenance monotherapy after standard of care in patients with postoperative intermediate- and high-risk LA-HNSCC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 47 postoperative intermediate- and high-risk patients with LA-HNSCC who underwent operative interventions between 2016 and 2022.