Comparative analysis of model antigen expression level driven by the microneme protein promoters in Eimeria tenella: HIGH-EXPRESSION LEVEL MICRONEME PROTEIN PROMOTER.

Coccidiosis is the most severe parasitic disease affecting the poultry industry, and live vaccines have played a pivotal role in its prevention and control, making them the most successful parasitic disease vaccines in commercial use. The components of live coccidiosis vaccines, which serve as vaccine vectors for presenting antigens from other pathogens, offer several advantages and provide a promising new option for disease control in modern poultry farming. Enhancing the expression of heterologous antigens within the complex components of Eimeria is a key strategy for optimizing coccidial vectors and improving immune efficacy.

Precocious Eimeria magna transgenically expressing RHDV P2 subdomain induces immune responses in rabbits.

Rabbit coccidiosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) pose major threats to the rabbit industry, causing significant economic losses. Developing a multivalent vaccine to concurrently protect rabbits against Eimeria and RHDV infections would provide dual protection through a single immunization protocol. Here, we utilized a precocious line of E.

Genetic manipulation for the non-model protozoan : Advancements, challenges, and future perspective.

parasites pose a significant global threat to animal health, necessitating improved and cost-effective control measures. Genetic manipulation is pivotal for understanding biology and designing targeted control strategies. Recent advancements, including genome sequencing and the development of transient and stable transfection systems, have significantly enhanced insights into the molecular biology of .

A novel ENTH domain-containing protein TgTEPSIN is essential for structural maintenance of the plant-like vacuolar compartment and bradyzoite differentiation in toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular and parasitic protozoon that harbors specialized cellular structures and molecular mechanisms, including the Plant-like Vacuolar Compartment (PLVAC). The PLVAC performs multifaceted roles in the parasite, contributing to ion homeostasis, proteolysis, pH regulation, and autophagy. Despite significant efforts over the past decade to characterize the PLVAC, the proteins localized to this organelle remain largely unidentified.

Golgi protein 73: the driver of inflammation in the immune and tumor microenvironment.

Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) is a Golgi-resident protein that is highly expressed in primary tumor tissues. Initially identified as an oncoprotein, GP73 has been shown to promote tumor development, particularly by mediating the transport of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus facilitating tumor cell EMT. Though our previous review has summarized the functional roles of GP73 in intracellular signal transduction and its various mechanisms in promoting EMT, recent studies have revealed that GP73 plays a crucial role in regulating the tumor and immune microenvironment.

The F204S mutation in adrenodoxin oxidoreductase drives salinomycin resistance in Eimeria tenella.

Salinomycin is a polyether ionophore widely used for the treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. However, the emergence of coccidia strains resistant to salinomycin presents challenges for control efforts, and the mechanisms underlying this resistance in Eimeria remain inadequately understood. In this study, 78 stable salinomycin-resistant strains were generated through experimental evolution approaches.

Apicomplexan mitoribosome from highly fragmented rRNAs to a functional machine.

The phylum Apicomplexa comprises eukaryotic parasites that cause fatal diseases affecting millions of people and animals worldwide. Their mitochondrial genomes have been significantly reduced, leaving only three protein-coding genes and highly fragmented mitoribosomal rRNAs, raising challenging questions about mitoribosome composition, assembly and structure. Our study reveals how Toxoplasma gondii assembles over 40 mt-rRNA fragments using exclusively nuclear-encoded mitoribosomal proteins and three lineage-specific families of RNA-binding proteins.

Physical activity modified the association of blood cadmium and lead with Helicobacter pylori infection: A cross-sectional analysis with NHANES data.

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) exposure have been identified as risk factors for Helicobacter pylori seropositivity, possibly due to the immune suppression by Cd and Pb. Physical activity (PA) can induce an immune response. However, whether PA can reduce the effect of Cd and Pb on H pylori infection remains elusive.

Innovative prevention and control of coccidiosis: targeting sporogony for new control agent development.

Coccidiosis is one of the most significant diseases affecting the poultry industry, with recent estimates indicating that it causes annual losses exceeding £10 billion globally. Increasing concerns over drug residues and resistance have elevated the importance of safe and effective vaccines as the primary method for controlling coccidiosis and other animal diseases. However, current commercial live vaccines for coccidiosis can negatively impact the feed conversion rates of young broilers and induce subclinical symptoms of coccidiosis, limiting their widespread adoption.

Transcriptomic Insights into the Developmental Dynamics of : A Comparative Study of a Precocious Line and the Wild Type.

Coccidiosis, a parasitic disease caused by single or multiple species, leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The life cycle includes schizogony, gametogony, and sporogony. To investigate the dynamics of gene expression and regulatory networks during the development of , we employed time-course transcriptomics to rigorously compare the gene expression patterns between a precocious line (PL) and the wild type (WT) of .

Transcriptomic analysis uncovers a biphasic response to precocious Eimeria acervulina infection in chicken duodenal tissue.

Live anticoccidial vaccines, either formulated with unattenuated or attenuated Eimeria parasites, are powerful stimulators of chicken intestinal immunity. Little is known about the dynamics of gene expression and the corresponding biological processes of chicken responses against infection with precocious line (PL) of Eimeria parasites. In the present study, we performed a time-series transcriptomic analysis of chicken duodenum across 15 time points from 6 to 156 hours post-infection (p.

Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of colistin sulphate on human PBMCs.

In previous studies, CST has been identified as having an immunostimulatory effect on Caenorhabditis elegans and macrophage of rats. Here, we further investigated its immunomodulatory effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). LPS-stimulated PBMCs inflammatory model was established.

Oral delivery of transfected sequentially with two copies of the VP2 gene induces immunity against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens.

Chicken coccidiosis caused by spp. can occur on almost all poultry farms, causing huge economic losses to the industry. Genetically manipulated parasites as a vaccine vector to deliver viral antigens have been reported.

Developing efficient strategies for localizing the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein subcellularly in transgenic Eimeria parasites.

Eimeria species serve as promising eukaryotic vaccine vectors. And that the location of heterologous antigens in the subcellular components of genetically modified Eimeria may determine the magnitude and type of immune responses. Therefore, our study aimed to target a heterologous fluorescent protein to the cell surface or microneme, two locations where are more effective in inducing protective immunity, of Eimeria tenella and E.

Microneme-located VP2 in elicits effective protective immunity against infectious bursal disease virus.

Using transgenic spp. to deliver exogenous antigens is a viable option for developing multivalent live vaccines. Previous research revealed that the location of antigen expression in recombinant dictates the magnitude and type of immune responses.

Distinct non-synonymous mutations in cytochrome b highly correlate with decoquinate resistance in apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella.

Background: Protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria are the causative agents of chicken coccidiosis. Parasite resistance to most anticoccidial drugs is one of the major challenges to controlling this disease. There is an urgent need for a molecular marker to monitor the emergence of resistance against anticoccidial drugs, such as decoquinate.

Live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for chickens.

Chicken coccidiosis, caused by infection with single or multiple Eimeria species, results in significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to generate attenuated Eimeria strains, and the use of live attenuated anticoccidial vaccines for disease prevention has achieved tremendous success. In this review, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of the methods of attenuation as well as attenuated Eimeria strains in a historical perspective.

Comparative transcriptome profiling of Eimeria tenella in various developmental stages and functional analysis of an ApiAP2 transcription factor exclusively expressed during sporogony.

Background: The apicomplexan parasites Eimeria spp. are the causative agents of coccidiosis, a disease with a significant global impact on the poultry industry. The complex life cycle of Eimeria spp.

Forward genetic analysis of monensin and diclazuril resistance in Eimeria tenella.

Worldwide distributed coccidiosis is caused by infection of both Eimeria species and Cystoisospora in the host intestine and causes huge economic losses to the livestock industry, especially the poultry industry. The control of such diseases relies mainly on chemoprophylaxis with anticoccidials, which has led to a very common drug resistance in this field. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance to many anticoccidial drugs remain unknown.

Transcriptome profile of halofuginone resistant and sensitive strains of .

The antiparasitic drug halofuginone is important for controlling apicomplexan parasites. However, the occurrence of halofuginone resistance is a major obstacle for it to the treatment of apicomplexan parasites. Current studies have identified the molecular marker and drug resistance mechanisms of halofuginone in .