Combined toxicity of nine typical pesticides in binary mixtures on A549 cells.

Air pollution caused by pesticide drift poses a significant environmental health risk. The lungs are directly targeted by airborne pesticide exposure via inhalation; however, their inhalation toxicological data are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the combined toxicity and interactions of lambda-cyhalothrin and its binary mixtures with eight insecticides at a concentration ratio of 1:1 in the non-small-cell lung cancer A549 line cells.

V-Induced Low-Spin State Mn Suppresses Jahn-Teller Distortion for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

The Jahn-Teller distortion caused by high-spin state Mn (t e ) is a major limiting factor for improving both the specific capacity and cycling stability of MnO cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Thus, an intrinsic strategy for optimizing MnO involves the effective elimination of the high-spin state Mn (t e ) during electrochemical process. Herein, we focus on structural design that constructed NHVO-coated MnO (Mn@V) nanorods to achieve the low-spin state of Mn (t e ) and inhibit the Jahn-Teller distortion.

HSQC-TOCSY fingerprinting-guided isolation of undescribed glycosides and scalemic pentaketides with neuroprotective activity from a mesophotic zone Ircinia sponge-associated fungus, Acremonium sp. NBUF233.

HSQC-TOCSY fingerprinting-guided fractionation led to the discovery of three undescribed pentaketide, hexaketide, and monocyclofarnesol-type sesquiterpenoid glycosides, namely acremols A-C (1-3), along with new scalemic pentaketides (+)-4 and (-)-4, designated as (+) and (-)-acremols D, from fungus Acremonium sp. NBUF233 associated with a mesophotic zone Ircinia sponge. The structural elucidation was achieved through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis combined with chemical degradation.

5-HTR contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating the AHR pathway.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease characterized by pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature. The serotonin 2A receptor (5-HTR, encoded by Htr2a), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the pulmonary vascular wall, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH. However, the effect of 5-HTR deficiency has not been investigated in rat models relevant to human disease and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

CLK2 Regulates the KEAP1/NRF2 and p53 Pathways to Suppress Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and therapeutic response. The NRF2 pathway is one of the critical axes in ferroptosis regulation, which governs oxidative stress resistance and iron homeostasis through its downstream targets, including HMOX1, SLC7A11, and others. However, HMOX1 and SLC7A11 exhibit contrasting roles in ferroptosis, with HMOX1 promoting ferroptosis via iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, while SLC7A11 inhibits ferroptosis by enhancing antioxidant defenses.

Review of Chemical Components, Pharmacological Effects, Clinical Applications, and Processing Methods of Rubi Fructus (Fupenzi).

Fupenzi is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with unique nutritional and medicinal value. It has a history of over a thousand years as a medicine-food homologous herb and is widely used in clinical practice. To provide a reference for further research and clinical application of Fupenzi, this article reviews its chemical components, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, and processing methods by consulting domestic and foreign literatures.

Toward autonomous robotic gastroscopy with a novel interventional keypoint and polyp detection system.

Background And Objective: Gastric cancer has high incidence and mortality rates globally. Gastroscopy is widely considered the gold standard for screening gastric diseases. However, accurate and stable identification of gastric diseases under endoscopy remains challenging due to its heavy reliance on the experience and operational skills of the endoscopist.

Injectable ROS/pH-Responsive Hydrogel for Synergistic Chemo-Photodynamic Tumor Therapy and Enhanced Wound Healing.

Conventional cancer treatments often result in tissue loss, incomplete tumor excision, infections, and systemic toxicity, severely impacting patient recovery. These complications frequently involve excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and persistent inflammation, pathological features also characteristic of burn wounds and postoperative tumor sites. To address this, an injectable ROS/pH-responsive hydrogel integrating localized tumor therapy and wound healing is developed.

Theoretical investigation of the photolysis mechanism of fluorinated Criegee intermediate HFCOO.

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) have emerged as promising alternatives for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) due to their drastically shorter atmospheric lifetimes (days to weeks vs years to decades for CFCs and HCFCs) and significantly lower global warming potential. While HFOs' rapid degradation minimizes their direct environmental accumulation, the ecological risks posed by their reactive degradation intermediates-particularly hydrofluorocarbonyl oxide (HFCOO), a fluorinated Criegee intermediate generated via HFO-ozone reactions-require urgent mechanistic clarification. The atmospheric persistence and chemical reactivity of HFCOO are intrinsically governed by its excited-state dynamics, where competing photochemical pathways determine whether it undergoes ultrafast dissociation or survives to mediate secondary pollutant formation.

Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of cervical cancer.

Purpose: Apo10 and TKTL1 are tumor-associated markers reflecting impaired apoptosis and enhanced glycolysis respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of Apo10, TKTL1, and APT (a combination of Apo10 and TKTL1) in screening early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods: A total of 152 patients with cervical cancer and 152 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from November 2020 to August 2023.

A Quasi Solid-State Hydrogel/InGaN Nanorod Heterostructure-Enabled Amphibious Sensor for Stable and Cross-Medium Optical Sensing and Monitoring.

The wearable optoelectronic systems, often employed with miniaturized and portable photosensors, can be conformably integrated with the human body to promote the advancement of health monitoring and protection. However, developing advanced photosensors with a simple structure that can be sustainable with high sensitivity in different operation conditions, e.g.

Effects of the Maillard Reaction on the Structural and Functional Properties of Camel Whey Protein.

Consumer demand for dairy products like cheese and curds has resulted in a rise in whey production, which has caused significant waste and environmental issues. For this reason, improving the functional characteristics of whey proteins and their usage value are essential. In this study, camel whey protein-galactose conjugates (CWP-Gal) and camel whey protein-glucose conjugates (CWP-Glu) were prepared through the Maillard reaction, and their structural and functional properties were characterized.

Enlarged Translesional Pressure Gradient Drives Recruitment of Leptomeningeal Collaterals in Medically Treated Patients with Symptomatic Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis.

Introduction: Evolution patterns and contributing factors of leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (sICAS) remain elusive.

Methods: Patients with atherosclerotic M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA-M1) stenosis (50%-99%), who were treated medically and had CT angiography (CTA) at baseline and 1 year, were recruited. LMC status was determined by the laterality of distal vessels in anterior and posterior cerebral artery territories in baseline and 1-year CTA.

The multi-omics analysis identifies a novel endoplasmic reticulum stress and immune related genes signature in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a prevalent and aggressive malignancy, necessitates improved prognostic tools and therapeutic insights. While endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and tumor-immune interactions are recognized as key cancer hallmarks, their combined prognostic potential in LUAD remains insufficiently explored.

Methods: Utilizing transcriptomic and clinical data from the TCGA-LUAD cohort, we developed an ERS-immune prognostic signature through Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithm.

Donor-Acceptor Porous Aromatic Framework Cathode with Fast Redox Kinetics for Ultralow-Temperature (-70 °C) Potassium-Organic Batteries.

Low-temperature rechargeable batteries are essential for cryogenic energy storage. However, lowering the working temperature will exacerbate the disadvantages of slowed reaction kinetics and mechanical instability of inorganic electrode materials, thus causing severe capacity degradation. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrated that constructing a donor-acceptor (D-A) porous aromatic framework (PAF-310) using p-type phenazine (PZ) and n-type hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN) as storage blocks can accelerate charge transport and thus facilitate the reaction kinetics even at low-temperature conditions.

The effect of land renting-in on the pesticide use intensity: evidence from citrus farmers in Sichuan, China.

Background: The overuse of pesticides has become an urgent problem in global agri-greening. It is crucial that farmers are encouraged to rent land for economies of scale and better pesticide efficiency. This study examines the effect of land renting-in on pesticide use intensity among 814 citrus farmers in Sichuan Province, China, via propensity score matching and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment models.

Clinical Reasoning: Acute and Progressive Cognitive Decline in a 38-Year-Old Man.

The differential diagnosis of multiple intracranial lesions is often perplexing and highly challenging, especially in the early stages. We present the case of a young man who initially presented with an acute headache and memory decline, which rapidly progressed to significant cognitive deterioration. Based on acute clinical manifestations, elevated CSF protein levels, and atypical MRI findings, the patient was initially misdiagnosed with idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS.

Highly crystalline hydrogen-bonded organic framework towards stable Zn metal anodes.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have aroused wide research enthusiasm due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness and sustainability advantages. However, the parasitic side reactions and rampant dendrite growth of Zn anodes seriously limit their application. In this work, a highly crystalline hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-DAT) is prepared and evaluated as a protective coating for Zn anodes for the first time.

Single nuclear-spatial transcriptomic sequencing reveals distinct puncture-induced cell subpopulations in the intervertebral disc of a rat model.

Objective: We aim to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of intervertebral disc (IVD) cell subpopulations in IVD degeneration (IVDD).

Methods: To gain combined spatial and transcriptomic insights into IVDD, we employed both spatial transcriptomic sequencing (stRNA-seq) and single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a rat puncture-induced IVDD model. The findings were verified in rat and human IVD by immunostaining and qRT-PCR.

Transepithelial transport and mechanism of pyrethroids across Caco-2 cells mediated by transporters.

Oral ingestion is the primary route of human exposure to pesticide residues in agricultural products, with intestinal absorption playing a pivotal role in determining their bioavailability. This study investigated the transepithelial transport mechanisms of pyrethroids using a Caco-2 cell model. Apparent permeability coefficients (P) indicated that pyrethroids are readily absorbed, with efflux ratios (ER) ranging from 1.

FNDC3B promotes gastric cancer metastasis via interacting with FAM83H and preventing its proteasomal degradation.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent digestive tract malignancies, with metastasis being a major contributor to poor prognosis in patients. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 3B (FNDC3B) plays pivotal roles in various tumors, yet its role in GC remains unknown.

Methods: We utilized a GC immunohistochemistry (IHC) chip and specimens to identify high expression of FNDC3B in GC.

Is invasive fractional flow measurement accurate in intracranial stenosis? A computational simulation study.

Background: In intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), low fractional flow (FF) may indicate hemodynamic significance.

Objective: To investigate, using simulation models, whether invasive measurement could accurately reflect 'true' FF, when the catheter/pressure wire might disturb focal flow during measurement.

Methods: We recruited 5 patients with high-grade, symptomatic M1 middle cerebral artery stenosis in three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA).

Formation of a β-Endorphin Corona Mitigates Alzheimer's Amyloidogenesis.

Senile plaques, comprised of nanosized aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain, are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, regular physical exercise is known to significantly reduce the risk of developing AD. Here, it is reported on the transformation and toxicity mitigation of Aβ amyloid aggregation by a spontaneous "corona" of β-endorphin, a major peptide hormone released upon exercise to suppress post-exercise pain.

Oxidative stress biomarkers for assessing the synergistic toxicity of emamectin benzoate and cyantraniliprole on liver function.

Multiple pesticide residues in agricultural products and environments, especially those with synergistic toxicity, pose a potential risk to human health. We observed a remarkable increase in serum biochemical parameters related to rat liver function when rat liver was exposed to the binary mixture of emamectin benzoate and cyantraniliprole. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity interactions and underlying mechanisms of the binary mixture by using an L-02 cell model and metabolomics analysis.

Endothelial major vault protein alleviates vascular remodeling via promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Many important vascular diseases including neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis are characterized by the endothelial cell (EC) injury-initiated pathological vascular remodeling. However, the endogenous regulatory mechanisms underlying it are not fully understood. The present study investigates regulatory role of major vault protein (MVP) in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling via controlling EC injury.