Longitudinal trends in HIV/AIDS adults aged over 60 years: A multidimensional decomposition with global and regional comparisons, 1990-2021.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy has extended the lifespan of HIV/ADIS. However, research and policies mainly target younger groups, leaving gaps in the care for aging people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods: Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, this research evaluated the global, regional, and national burdens of HIV/AIDS in adults aged 60 and above from 1990 to 2021.

Beyond top-hit nontarget screening: Diagnostic fragment analysis reveals nitrogen-containing heterocycles in iron and steel industry wastewater.

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (NHCs), widely present in industrial wastewater, pose significant environmental and health risks, yet their identification and characterization remain poorly understood. Herein, we developed a diagnostic fragment list comprising 20 nitrogen-containing fragments for NHCs, by integrating chemical information from Pubchem with the NIST mass spectral library. Leveraging this list, we employed a diagnostic fragment-assisted nontarget screening approach and identified 151 NHCs in iron and steel industry wastewater.

Conductive Hydrogel-Enabled Electrode for Scalp Electroencephalography Monitoring.

Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) serves as a pivotal technology for the noninvasive monitoring of brain functional activity, diagnosing neurological disorders, and assessing cognitive states. However, inherent compatibility barriers between traditional rigid electrodes and the hairy scalp interface significantly compromise signal quality, long-term monitoring comfort, and user compliance. This review examines conductive hydrogel electrodes' pivotal role in advancing scalp EEG, particularly their unique capacity to overcome hair-interface barriers.

Prediction of favorable outcomes of acute basilar artery occlusion using machine learning.

Background: This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning model using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to predict favorable outcomes based on clinical, imaging, and angiographic data.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 184 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) and completed a 90-day follow-up at Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital. A total of 68 medical variables were collected to develop predictive models using three machine learning algorithms: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM).

Screening and validation of stable housekeeping genes in lung organoids and rat lung models under tobacco exposure.

In recent years, with the increasing severity of air pollution and environmental degradation, research on lung-related diseases has become more intensive. Lung organoids, as 3D culture models, can simulate the local microenvironment and physiological functions of lung tissue and are widely used in studies on the development and mechanisms of lung-related diseases. However, the precise application of lung organoids is still in the developmental stage, particularly regarding the screening and validation of stable housekeeping genes in lung organoids, which remains unclear.

Serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with stroke in the elderly: a population-based study.

Purpose: The ratio of serum uric acid (UA) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), known as UHR, has been identified as a novel marker for oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. This study focused on exploring the association between UHR and stroke risk among older adults in the United States.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from individuals aged 60 years and older, collected through the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Oxide Interface-Stabilized Superoxo Species for High-Temperature Catalysis.

High-temperature oxidation reactions catalyzed by earth-abundant transition metal oxides are vital for numerous industrial and environmental processes. However, their performance is often limited by the rapid desorption of active oxygen species at high temperatures. Here, we describe a straightforward approach to constructing a CuMn spinel/MnO composite oxide catalyst that addresses this limitation and demonstrate that lattice oxygen can spontaneously migrate to form interface-stabilized superoxo species under high-temperature reaction conditions.

The Effects of Dietary Supplementation with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 on the Antioxidant Capacity and Inflammatory Responses of .

Based on the limited hepatic hydroxylation efficiency of dietary VD3 in teleosts and the superior bioavailability of its metabolite, 25(OH)D3, this study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation in yellow catfish-an economically significant species lacking prior nutritional data on this metabolite. A total of 360 fish were divided into three groups-control (basal diet), VD3 (2500 IU/kg VD3), and 25(OH)D3 (2500 IU/kg 25(OH)D3)-and fed for 8 weeks. Compared to the control, both supplemented groups showed elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), and transforming growth factor-β () activities, alongside reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (), and tumor necrosis factor-α () levels.

Mechanisms of cesium incorporation and thermal stability in sodalite.

The immobilization of radioactive cesium (Cs) within sodalite frameworks is a critical challenge in nuclear waste management. This study employs density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural evolution, thermodynamic stability, and bonding mechanisms of Cs-incorporated sodalite (NaCsAlSiOCl, 0 ≤ ≤ 8). Formation energy calculations reveal a concentration-dependent preference for Cs substitution, with a minimum of 0.

Real-World Analysis of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Based on the Hospital Prescription Analysis (HPA) Database in 9 Cities of China.

Purpose: To determine the real-world patterns and extent of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) related to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMVr) in China.

Patients And Methods: Data on NMVr-treated patients from over 160 hospitals across 9 Chinese cities from January 2022 to December 2023 were extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis (HPA) database, which was established in Beijing in 1997 to promote rational medication use in China. Grade C, D and X DDIs from the Lexicomp database were defined as clinically significant and analyzed in this study.

Targeting ARPC1B Cancer Stem Cells to Sensitise Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine Treatment.

ARPC1B cancer stem cells (CSCs) in pancreatic cancer are identified as a subpopulation resistant to gemcitabine. In our study, drug repositioning, molecular docking, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique jointly revealed that CK-636 can directly target ARPC1B protein with high affinity. In vitro cytotoxicity, ex vivo organoid cultures, in vivo xenograft and orthotopic gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer model demonstrated that combination therapy of gemcitabine plus CK-636 showed a superior anti-tumor effect compared with gemcitabine monotherapy.

Decision-Making Signatures of Methamphetamine and Alcohol Use Disorders.

Background: Aberrant decision-making is a hallmark of substance use disorders (SUDs), often impeding recovery. While uncertainty, comprising risk and ambiguity, is central to real-world choices, its distinct effects in SUDs remain underexplored. This study disentangles risk and ambiguity to identify context-specific impairments in methamphetamine (MUD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD).

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) Alleviates Diabetic Myocardial Fibrosis by Suppressing Pyroptosis via Inhibiting DNMT3a-mediated Sestrin2 CpG Promoter Hypermethylation.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents an important concern associated with diabetes, inhibiting pyroptosis has shown promising results in alleviating DCM symptoms. The objective of this work is to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the suppression of pyroptosis in the context of diabetic myocardial fibrosis (MF).

Methods: The effect of HS on pyroptosis was detected using CCK-8, ELISA, and flow cytometry.

Characterization of vB_SaRS_FS19-1, a newly isolated broad-host-range and virulent bacteriophage infecting Staphylococcus aureus and its application in foods.

The bacteriophage vB_SaRS_FS19-1, isolated from urban sewage, produced numerous clear plaques, about 1 to 2 mm in diameter, on the S. aureus JP19 bacterial lawn. A broad host range of the bacteriophage vB_SaRS_FS19-1 was found, and the lysis rate of S.

Clinical and hemodynamic outcomes of side-to-side anastomosis in superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass for adult patients with moyamoya disease: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass, characterized by side-to-side (S-S) anastomosis, has been beneficial in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications and recurrent stroke in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the safety and efficacy of this unconventional S-S procedure remain unclear. This research aimed to investigate the clinical and hemodynamic outcomes associated with the S-S technique.

Oyster farming acts as a marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) hotspot for climate change mitigation.

Bivalve farming, a vital component of global aquaculture, has been proposed as a potential marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) strategy, yet its role remains contentious. Using field mesocosms, we demonstrate that oyster filter-feeding enhances mCDR by accelerating the formation of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the water column and promoting organic carbon deposition in sediments. This process shifts the water column toward a more autotrophic and alkaline state, effectively sequestering CO from the atmosphere.

Suppression of Spin-Orbit Torque Switching by the Magnetic Proximity Effect.

Functional magnetic multilayers are particularly interesting for enabling many emerging spintronic physics, including spin-orbit torque (SOT), magnetic proximity effect (MPE), and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), among many others. A comprehension of these spintronic phenomena is vital for the development of advanced spintronic materials and devices. Here, we investigate the interplay between the MPE and the current-induced SOT switching in the perpendicularly magnetized Pt/[Co/Pd] multilayers (with being the number of repetitions).

Predictive Machine Learning Model in ICU Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure and Two or More Organ Failures.

Background: Prediction of short-term mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) may enhance effective management.

Methods: To develop, explain, and validate a predictive machine learning (ML) model for short-term mortality in patients with ACLF with two or more organ failures (OFs). Utilizing a large ICU cohort with detailed clinical information, we identified ACLF patients with two or more OFs according to the EASL-CLIF and NACSELD definitions.

Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control.

Mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of cellular energy. To maintain normal function, cells rely on a complex mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system that regulates mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial dynamic localization, mitochondrial biogenesis, clearance of damaged mitochondria, oxygen radical scavenging, and mitochondrial protein quality control. The MQC system also involves coordination of other organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

Influence of sulfur/chlorine-containing pesticides on the aging and heavy metal dynamics of PBAT and LDPE microplastics in soil.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution in soil has emerged as a significant environmental concern, particularly regarding the interactions between MPs and chemical contaminants such as pesticides. This study focused on the aging of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PBAT) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films in the presence of five sulfur/chlorine (S/Cl)-containing pesticides (prothioconazole, myclobutanil, isazophos, harmony, and flumetsulam), selected for their common use in agricultural practices and potential environmental persistence. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed to investigate the dynamics of heavy metal adsorption and release (specifically Ni, Cu, and Sn) during MPs aging, as indicated by changes in surface morphology and polymer functional groups.

Tunable Site Selectivity and Chemo- and Regioselectivity: Diversification of Indole Alkaloid Privileged Scaffolds Enabled by λ-Iodane-Mediated Cross-Nucleophile Coupling Cascade.

Amidst nature's repertoire of small molecule architectures, indole alkaloid-derived privileged scaffolds continuously support innovation in bioactive compound discovery and propel fragment-based drug design. Herein, we realized a metal-free, site-selective, and chemo- and regioselective cross-nucleophile coupling cascade of pluripotent indole-enamine-aniline intermediates by use of λ-iodane-mediated umpolung chemistry. The protocol is applicable toward the divergent synthesis of valuable benzo[]indolo[3,2-][2,6]naphthyridines and azepino[4,5-]indoles, which are very important privileged scaffolds in communesin-, peroforamidine-, and iboga-type alkaloids.

Oncologic and perioperative outcomes following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in morbidly obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess how morbid obesity influences perioperative and oncological outcomes following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering publications up to June 2025. Eligible studies included those that compared outcomes between patients with morbid obesity (defined as BMI ≥ 40 kg/m) and those without.

Accuracy of Incisor Intrusion in Adult Female Nonextraction Deep Overbite cases with Clear Aligner Treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of incisor intrusion in nonextraction deep overbite cases in adult female patients treated with clear aligners (Invisalign, Align Tech, USA), and to investigate the predictability of clear aligner treatment for deep overbite correction.

Methods: This retrospective study included thirty-three adult female patients who underwent nonextraction followed by clear aligner treatment. The initial, predicted, and actual models were exported from ClinCheck.

CCL5: An emerging key target and progress in the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent and lethal malignancy, presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. The chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) plays a pivotal role in HCC pathogenesis. While traditionally viewed primarily as a mediator of immune cell chemotaxis and migration, recent evidence demonstrates that CCL5 directly influences tumor cells, regulating malignant behaviors such as proliferation and invasion.