Decision-Making Signatures of Methamphetamine and Alcohol Use Disorders.

Background: Aberrant decision-making is a hallmark of substance use disorders (SUDs), often impeding recovery. While uncertainty, comprising risk and ambiguity, is central to real-world choices, its distinct effects in SUDs remain underexplored. This study disentangles risk and ambiguity to identify context-specific impairments in methamphetamine (MUD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD).

Breaking the 4.6 V Barrier in LiCoO Cathodes: Synergistic Effects of Bulk and Surface Structure Modification.

Overcoming the 4.6 V barrier for LiCoO (LCO) cathodes necessitates concurrent mitigation of bulk structural degradation and interfacial side reactions. Herein, a bulk-surface synergistic stabilization strategy is proposed integrating Fe/F dual-site doping with an ultrathin LiCPON solid electrolyte coating (≈2 nm) deposited via magnetron sputtering.

Protective Effects of α-Linolenic Acid on Liver Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Broilers.

This study evaluated the protective effects of dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) on liver inflammation and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in broilers. A total of 256 AA broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups (Con, LPS, LPS + ALA400, and LPS + ALA600) with 8 replicates. On d 20, the Con group broilers were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline, and the other groups were injected with LPS (0.

Pinocembrin Alleviates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Mice by Modulating miR-384-5p/FZD1 Axis to Activate the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinically recognized complication of surgery that compromises long-term neurological outcomes, though its mechanistic basis remains poorly defined. The flavonoid Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Pinocembrin's role in modulating the pathogenesis and progression of POCD remain incompletely elucidated.

Distribution characteristics of black carbon in Taihu Lake sediments and their effects on microorganisms.

The rapid accumulation of black carbon (BC) in the environment has posed a serious threat to climate change and ecological security in river basins. Lakes are important accumulation sinks for BC, and microorganisms in lake sediments play a significant and irreplaceable role in maintaining lake ecological security. However, there has been little research on the impact of BC on lake microorganisms, and studies have focused only on bacteria, neglecting the impact on fungi.

A molecularly defined brain circuit module for regulating panic-like defensive state.

Panic is an episode of strong defensive state, characterized by intense fear and severe physical symptoms such as elevated cardiorespiratory activities. How the brain generates panic state remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a robot-based experimental paradigm to evoke panic-like defensive state in mice.

Unlocking the Potential of MOFs Anodes via Solid-State Corrosion Prelithiation for High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries.

Pristine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with their excellent cycling stability and high capacity are considered as promising next-generation anode materials for advanced high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Despite extensive efforts to improve initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) via electrochemical prelithiation, the fundamental processes governing transition metals (TMs) dissolution and associated degradation mechanisms in MOFs-based full cells remain unclear. In this study, crystalline cobalt-nickel bimetallic metal-organic frameworks CoNi-MOF (CoNi-Benzene dicarboxylic MOFs), specifically derived from benzene dicarboxylic (BDC) ligands, are selected as the target material for investigation.

Influence of α-Linolenic Acid on the Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Intestinal Antioxidant Status in Broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in broilers, along with the associated molecular mechanisms. 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups, each with eight replicates, and fed diets with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mg of ALA/kg for 42 days. ALA supplementation did not significantly affect the broilers' overall growth performance.

Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Revealed Dysregulated Kinases and Potential Therapy for Liver Fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis is the initial stage of most liver diseases, and it is also a pathological process involving the liver in the late stages of many metabolic diseases. Therefore, it is important to systematically understand the pathological mechanism of liver fibrosis and seek therapeutic approaches for intervention and treatment of liver fibrosis. Disordered proteins and their post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, play vital roles in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis.

HDAC3 inhibition mitigates acute kidney injury by alleviating RIPK1-mediated programmed necrosis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to clinical syndromes culminating in rapidly reduced renal function associated with inflammation and the demise of renal tubular epithelial cells. Current research aims to develop strategies which prevent tubular cell death. Here, based on the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in renal physiology and their established role in renal fibrosis, we investigated the mechanistic contributions of HDACs using a mouse model together with studies employing human renal epithelial cells.

Metal-Organic Frameworks Modified Organic Bulk Heterojunction Interfaces for Effective Nongenetic Neuromodulation.

Photoactive organic semiconductors, such as bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) of donor-acceptor pairs, are promising for building flexible devices for nongenetic and precise optical neuromodulation. However, the full potential of the diverse compositions and functionalities of BHJs has yet to be explored for neuromodulation due to their unsatisfactory interfaces with soft biotissues, which hinder signal transduction, tissue adhesion, and biocompatibility. Here, we address these challenges by introducing an interfacial layer composed of conductive and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Team based learning pedagogy enhances the education quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: In medical education, Lecture Based Learning (LBL) is the most common way of disseminating information. Team Based Learning (TBL), a new teaching method, is a teacher-guided method that employs teams in a class, showing suitability for medical education. Two teaching methods represent distinct educational approaches, each with its own set of advantages and limitations.

Gratitude enhances widespread dynamic cooperation and inter-brain synchronization in females.

From both social and life perspectives, gratitude is essential for managing social relationships and fostering cooperation. This study investigated the dynamic influence of gratitude on two modalities of cooperative interactions and the associated interpersonal dynamic neural mechanism by integrating a dyadic ecological paradigm with functional near-infrared spectroscopy). Several critical findings emerged: the gratitude group exhibited better cooperative behaviors compared to the joy and neutral groups in both the Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) and the Button-press Game (BPG).

Exploring the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism on early diastolic function in hypertension using four-dimensional echocardiography.

Background: This study explores the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and early diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension utilizing four-dimensional echocardiography and assesses the prognosis.

Methods: This study consecutively selected 470 patients with hypertension who visited the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between September 2021 and August 2022, with 274 meeting the inclusion criteria. Hypertension gene testing was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to confirm genetic equilibrium.

Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate for Lower Extremity Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate (CHO) loading on postoperative insulin resistance, hospital stay, and pain in patients undergoing elective arthroplasty.

Methods: Clinical randomized controlled trials on the effects of preoperative oral CHO loading in patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to February 2024. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the enrolled randomized controlled trials.

Lignocellulose nanofiber-enhanced hydrogel electrolytes with lignin-Al in metal-based neutral deep eutectic solvent for flexible supercapacitors.

The mechanical flexibility and high conductivity of hydrogel electrolytes are crucial for their application in supercapacitors. In this study, we developed hydrogel electrolyte based on lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) through nanofibrillation and self-catalytic gelation in a glycerinum/choline chloride/aluminum chloride hexahydrate (Gly/ChCl/AlCl·6HO) metal-based neutral deep eutectic solvent (DES) system. The lignin-Al self-catalytic mechanism offered an eco-friendly and sustainable method for synthesizing hydrogel electrolytes, while enhancing their ionic conductivity.

Identification of serum biomarkers and therapeutic targets for aortic diseases in obesity through multi-omics analysis.

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of aortic diseases and operative risks. Currently, there are no effective drugs available to prevent the occurrence and progression of aortic aneurysms or dissections. We investigated potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets using a multi-omics approach.

Buffering or not working: group counseling for depression and loneliness among boarding primary school students.

Introduction: Due to the acceleration of modern life rhythm, students with developing minds are susceptible to negative external influences, leading to a growing concern for their mental health. Boarding primary school students have limited interaction with relatives compared to their non-boarding counterparts, rendering them more prone to feelings of depression and loneliness, resulting in various negative emotions. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the effects of group counseling interventions on reducing depression and loneliness among adolescents.

Gut microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome: status and prospect.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal disease that, although not as aggressive as tumors, affects patients' quality of life in different ways. The cause of IBS is still unclear, but more and more studies have shown that the characteristics of the gut microbiota, such as diversity, abundance, and composition, are altered in patients with IBS, compared to the healthy population, which confirms that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of IBS. This paper aims to identify the commonalities by reviewing a large body of literature.

Characterizing impulsivity in individuals with methamphetamine and methcathinone use disorders.

Background: Individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) are characterized by loss of control in drug use, such as increased impulsivity. Methamphetamine and methcathinone are psychostimulants, the use of which is accompanied by a high level of impulsivity. Whether individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and methcathinone use disorder (MCUD) differ in different aspects of impulsivity is unclear.