Construction of chitin nanocrystal/poly(deep eutectic solvent) elastomers via glycidyl methacrylate associated modification, polymerization and crosslinking for artificial skin applications.

A one-pot strategy was developed to fabricate a strong and ductile elastomer composed of chitin nanocrystals and poly(deep eutectic solvent) (ChNC/PDES), based on a dual-network structure formed through glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)associated modification, polymerization and crosslinking. This approach enables the integrated pretreatment, chemical modification, and nanodispersion of chitin within a lactic acid/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent (DES) system. Whereafter, the ultraviolet initiated polymerization of GMA with ChNC and DES components produced a homogeneous elastomer with a maximum tensile strength of 4.

Lignin-regulated MOF@lignocellulose aerogels for enhanced selective carbon dioxide adsorption.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in gas adsorption due to their microporous structure and high performance. However, MOFs have limitations, including poor mechanical properties and difficulties with recovery. To address these limitations, we used a lignocellulose composite aerogel as a substrate to enhance the properties of MOFs.

Lignocellulose nanofiber-enhanced hydrogel electrolytes with lignin-Al in metal-based neutral deep eutectic solvent for flexible supercapacitors.

The mechanical flexibility and high conductivity of hydrogel electrolytes are crucial for their application in supercapacitors. In this study, we developed hydrogel electrolyte based on lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) through nanofibrillation and self-catalytic gelation in a glycerinum/choline chloride/aluminum chloride hexahydrate (Gly/ChCl/AlCl·6HO) metal-based neutral deep eutectic solvent (DES) system. The lignin-Al self-catalytic mechanism offered an eco-friendly and sustainable method for synthesizing hydrogel electrolytes, while enhancing their ionic conductivity.

C-like metabolism and HCO use in submerged leaves of Ottelia cordata lacking Kranz anatomy at both low and high CO concentrations.

To date, only a few submerged plants have been reported to perform C and CAM. Ottelia cordata is a heteroblastic aquatic plant developing both submerged and floating leaves throughout its life cycle. Previous research found that, besides HCO use, the submerged leaves of O.

Novel Sustained Release Azithromycin Resinate Fabricated by One-Pot Ion-exchange Performed in Hydro-alcoholic Solution.

Drug-resin complexes usually form in the aqueous phase. For poorly water-soluble drugs, low drug loading limits the use of resin in drug formulation. In this study, we used a new method to prepare azithromycin resinates, improving the drug loading rate, shortening the preparation time and simplifying the process.

Dissolving-co-catalytic strategy for the preparation of flexible and wet-stable cellulose membrane towards biodegradable packaging.

In the realization of the goal of circular economy, cellulose as one of sustainable biomass resources, have attracted much attention because of their abundant sources, biodegradability and renewability. However, the mechanical and waterproof performance of cellulose-based materials are usually not satisfying, which limits their high-value utilization. In this study, cellulose membrane with high-performance from the aspects of mechanical properties, water-resistance ability, oxygen barrier capacity and biodegradability, was prepared from bleached hardwood pulp (HBKP) in a AlCl/ZnCl/HO solution.

Anti-Melanoma Activity of Single Intratumoral Injection of ZnPc Micelles Mixed With in situ Gel in B16 Bearing Mouse.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential treatment strategy for melanoma. As a second-generation photosensitizer, Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) has many advantages for anti-tumor PDTs, such as strong absorption in the red and near infrared regions, high photo and chemical stability, etc. However, ZnPc has a poor water solubility and is apt to aggregate due to the π-π interaction between molecules, which limits its applications.

Efficient Delivery of Curcumin by Alginate Oligosaccharide Coated Aminated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and In Vitro Anticancer Activity against Colon Cancer Cells.

We designed and synthesized aminated mesoporous silica (MSN-NH), and functionally grafted alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) on its surface to get MSN-NH-AOS nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for the fat-soluble model drug curcumin (Cur). Dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure and performance of MSN-NH-AOS. The nano-MSN-NH-AOS preparation process was optimized, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiencies of nano-MSN-NH-AOS were investigated.

Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant for pertussis vaccine: a evaluation compared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant.

. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been demonstrated as a highly efficient antigen platform to induce effective and durable immune response. However, whether LDH nanoparticles could act as an adjuvant for pertussis vaccines is still unknown.

Efficacy and safety of interferon α-2b spray for herpangina in children: A randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives: The treatment of acute herpangina is inconsistent. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interferon α-2b spray versus Ribavirin for this disease.

Methods: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in eight hospitals in China between 2016 and 2018.

Arsenic trioxide encapsulated liposomes prepared via copper acetate gradient loading method and its antitumor efficiency.

In this study, arsenic trioxide (ATO) was encapsulated in liposomes via copper acetate (Cu(OAc)) gradients and high entrapment efficiency of over 80% was obtained. The average particle size and the zeta-potential of the liposomes were detected to be 115.1 ± 29.

Improved dissolution and oral absorption by co-grinding active drug probucol and ternary stabilizers mixtures with planetary beads-milling method.

The objective of this work is to construct a nanosuspension drug delivery system of probucol, a BCS II drug, in order to improve its dissolution and oral bioavailability. The wet milling procedure using planetary beads-milling equipment was utilized to grind the raw probucol to ultrafine nanoparticle/nanocrystal aqueous suspension that was further solidified by freeze-drying process. Cellulose derivatives of different substitution groups and molecular weights, including HPMC, HPC, and MC, were evaluated as the primary stabilizer of probucol nanosuspension.

Extended tacrolimus release via the combination of lipid-based solid dispersion and HPMC hydrogel matrix tablets.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining extended release of tacrolimus by a novel combination of lipid-based solid dispersion and matrix-type extended release tablet techniques. Tacrolimus solid dispersion was prepared using glycerylbehenate (Compritol ATO888) and Pluronic F127 as the carrier materials with hot-melt method, which was then blended with hydrogel matrix materials, such as HPMC and lactose, the powders were directly compressed into tablets. drug release tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the solid dispersions and the tablets.

Inhalable liposomal powder formulations for co-delivery of synergistic ciprofloxacin and colistin against multi-drug resistant gram-negative lung infections.

The aim of this study was to design and characterize dry powder inhaler formulations of ciprofloxacin and colistin co-loaded liposomes prepared by the ultrasonic spray-freeze-drying (USFD) technique. Liposomal formulations and powder production parameters were optimized to achieve optimal characteristics and in-vitro performance such as encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, particle distribution index (PDI), fine particle fraction (FPF), emitted dose (ED) and in vitro antibacterial activity. The formulation (F6) with the mannitol (5% w/v) as the internal lyoprotectant and sucrose (5%, w/v), mannitol (10%, w/v) and leucine (5%, w/w) as the external lyoprotectants/aerosolization enhancers showed an optimal rehydrated EE values of ciprofloxacin and colistin (44.

Simultaneous Particle Size Reduction and Homogeneous Mixing to Produce Combinational Powder Formulations for Inhalation by the Single-Step Co-Jet Milling.

Homogeneous mixing of 2 cohesive jet-milled drug powders is a challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturing on account of their cohesive nature resulting in the formation of strong and random agglomerates. In this study, colistin and ciprofloxacin were co-jet milled to develop combinational antibiotic dry powder formulations for inhalation. The properties of particle size, morphology, content uniformity, and in vitro aerosolization were evaluated.

Co-Delivery of Ciprofloxacin and Colistin in Liposomal Formulations with Enhanced In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Purpose: This study aims to develop liposomal formulations containing synergistic antibiotics of colistin and ciprofloxacin for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods: Colistin (Col) and ciprofloxacin (Cip) were co-encapsulated in anionic liposomes by ammonium sulfate gradient. Particle size, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and in vitro antibiotic activities were evaluated.

Determination and Pharmacokinetics of WGA in Rat Plasma by LC-MS After Oral Administration of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Extract.

3-O-(3-O-angeloyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-(2-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-16-deoxybarringtogenol A (WGA) is a potential anti-AD (Alzheimer's disease) active compound isolated from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. A rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of WGA in rat plasma. Digoxin was used as internal standard (IS).

Improved oral bioavailability of probucol by dry media-milling.

The polymer/probucol co-milled mixtures were prepared to improve drug dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Probucol, a BCS II drug, was co-milled together with Copovidone (Kollidon VA64, VA64), Soluplus, or MCC using the dry media-milling process with planetary ball-milling equipment. The properties of the milled mixtures including morphology, crystal form, vitro drug dissolution and in vivo oral bioavailability in rats were evaluated.

Mixed PEGylated surfactant modifying system decrease the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of nanoemulsions in rats.

The accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon which is induced by repeated injection of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated colloidal carriers gives clinical challenge to the promising drug delivery system. It is necessary to decrease this unexpected immunological response. A novel 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol-5000)-cholesteryl methyl amide (4-arm PEG-CHMA) has been synthesized.

Developmental Changes in Pain and Spinal Immune Gene Expression after Radicular Trauma in the Rat.

Neuropathic pain is chronic pain that develops after nerve injury and is less frequent in infants and children than in adults. Likewise, in animal models of neuropathic pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia are non-existent or attenuated in the infant, with a "switch" during development by which acute nerve injury transitions to chronic pain. Concomitant with the delay in neuropathic pain, there is a parallel delay in the ability of nerve injury to activate the immune system.

Association of Enterovirus 71 encephalitis with the interleukin-8 gene region in Chinese children.

The study was performed in 36 Chinese patients with Enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis and 141 patients with EV71-related hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) without encephalitis. Genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism. Patients with EV71 encephalitis had a significantly higher frequency of interleukin-8 (IL-8)-251TT genotype than patients with EV71-related HFMD without encephalitis (55.

A novel method to load topotecan into liposomes driven by a transmembrane NH₄EDTA gradient.

Antitumor drugs not only cause cytocidal effect on cancer cells, but also damage on normal healthy tissues, resulting in side effects. Liposome encapsulation can result in reduced systematic distribution due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, accompanied by drug accumulation in liver, spleen, and other immune organs, which can cause damage to those organs. It has been demonstrated that EDTA, frequently used as a chelator, possesses a synergistic antitumor effect.

Sustained liver targeting and improved antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin liposomes modified with galactosylated lipid and PEG-lipid.

In this study, a cleavable PEG-lipid (methoxypolyethyleneglycol 2000-cholesteryl hemisuccinate, PEG(2000)-CHEMS) linked via ester bond and galactosylated lipid ((5-cholesten-3beta-yl) 4-oxo-4-[2-(lactobionyl amido) ethylamido] butanoate, CHS-ED-LA) were used to modify doxorubicin (DOX) liposome. DOX was encapsulated into conventional liposomes (CL), galactosylated liposomes (modified with CHS-ED-LA, GalL), pegylated liposomes (modified with PEG(2000)-CHEMS, PEG-CL), and pegylated galactosylated liposomes (modified with CHS-ED-LA and PEG(2000)-CHEMS, PEG-GalL) using an ammonium sulfate gradient loading method and then intravenously injected to normal mice. Both PEG-GalL DOX and GalL DOX gave relatively high overall drug targeting efficiencies to liver ((T(e))(liver)) and were mainly taken up by hepatocyte.