Childhood Obesity Raises GDM Risk Through Adult Obesity: Evidence From Lifecourse Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The relationship between childhood and adulthood obesity and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. To clarify the independent and joint effects of childhood and adulthood body size on GDM risk, and explore inflammation's role.

Methods: Using female-specific UK Biobank genome-wide association study data, genetic instruments for childhood/adult body size ("thinner," "about average," "plumper") and C-reactive protein (CRP) were identified.

Correlation between thyroid sensitivity indices and bone metabolism in newly diagnosed middle aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal thyroid function.

Objective: To investigate the association between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and bone metabolism markers in newly diagnosed middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal thyroid function.

Method: We retrospectively analyzed 350 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (≥ 45 years), stratified by bone mineral density into Group A (normal bone density group) and Group B (low bone mass and osteoporosis group). General data and clinical biochemical parameters were collected: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum calcium (Ca), serum phosphorus (P), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum creatinine (SCr), serum uric acid (SUA), and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR).

Ulva lactuca polysaccharides alleviate constipation in mice through repairing the intestinal barrier and regulating the gut microbiota.

Background: Constipation is a frequent chronic disease in the community, and osmotic laxatives can effectively alleviate symptoms. However, it is not suitable for long-term use. Dietary fiber is an alternative option, with a capacity to address intestinal barrier dysfunction and sustained microbial dysbiosis.

Targeted soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibits M1 macrophage polarization to improve cartilage injury in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Background: Macrophage immunomodulation has emerged as a novel intervention and therapeutic strategy for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), potentially serving as a key approach for reducing synovial inflammation and promoting cartilage repair. The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHi), TPPU, has shown potential therapeutic effects against inflammatory diseases and osteogenesis by elevating endogenous Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). However, it remains largely unknown whether TPPU can reduce inflammation and cartilage degradation in the TMJOA.

Characteristics, source apportionment, and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil of jiangmen, China.

Heavy metal accumulated in soil pose substantial threats to soil environmental quality and human health. Accurate identification of pollution sources is critical for implementing targeted prevention and control strategies. In this study, 118 surface soil samples were collected from Jiangmen City to examine the concentration, spatial distribution, sources, and health risks of heavy metals in the soil.

Association Between Hearing Loss and Social Integration Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between hearing loss and social integration as well as the effectiveness of audiologic rehabilitation interventions.

Method: Academic databases were comprehensively searched up to December 2023 to identify relevant cross-sectional cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with participants aged 45 years and older. Outcome effects were reported as odds ratios (s) for observational studies and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for intervention studies, and pooled analyses were conducted using the random-effects model.

Phage therapy against Klebsiella pneumoniae: An evolving perspective.

Klebsiella pneumoniae represents one of the most concerning ESKAPE pathogens, with multidrug-resistant strains driving urgent clinical interest in phage therapy as a viable alternative to antibiotics. However, the evolutionary arms race between phages and bacteria has equipped K. pneumoniae with sophisticated anti-phage immune defenses, posing a substantial barrier to durable therapeutic success.

Dysregulated macrophage immunity in infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.

() is a microaerophilic, gram-negative spirochete that primarily colonizes the human gastric mucosa. It is strongly linked to gastritis, ulcers, and the development of malignant tumors. Macrophages, as one of the key components of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis through a range of functions, including pathogen phagocytosis, antigen recognition and presentation, inflammation regulation and tumor immune surveillance.

Behavior Change Resources Used in Mobile App-Based Interventions Addressing Weight, Behavioral, and Metabolic Outcomes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Overweight and obesity have become a public health issue. Lifestyle modifications delivered through mobile devices, especially mobile phones, present an opportunity to support weight loss efforts. However, evidence regarding the effects of mobile apps on other outcomes, such as blood pressure and physical activity (PA), remains limited.

FLASH radiotherapy at a crossroads: a bibliometric perspective on progress and challenges.

Background: Flash radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), an emerging modality utilizing ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) irradiation (typically > 40 Gy/s), has demonstrated a unique capacity to preserve normal tissue integrity while maintaining tumor control efficacy compared to conventional radiotherapy. Despite exponential growth in FLASH-RT research over the past decade, its scientific landscape has not yet been systematically characterized through bibliometric analysis. This study only includes articles from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and is limited to English-language publications, which may introduce database and language biases.

Both subcutaneous semaglutide and calorie restriction improves pancreatic cell hyperplasia and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Background: Obesity has emerged as a global health crisis, with its prevalence having increased alarmingly over recent decades. There is significant damage to pancreatic islets due to obesity, as well as metabolic syndrome. Improving the function of β-cells in obese patients is meaningful for treatment.

The Longitudinal Association Between Chronic Back Pain and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With Mediation Analysis: An Analysis of Four Population-Based Databases.

Background: While studies suggest chronic back pain (CBP) may heighten accelerated cognitive decline risk in older adults, no multinational research has comprehensively examined this significant public health concern alongside healthy lifestyles' potential impact.

Methods: Data from 18,558 individuals across 17 countries (China, England, Europe, USA) were extracted from four databases (2010-2023; median follow-up: 8.4 years).

Sleep quality, APOE ε4, and Alzheimer's disease: associations from two prospective cohort studies and mechanisms by plasma proteomic analysis.

Background: The relationship between sleep quality and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and its interaction with genetic susceptibility, remains unclear. Our study explores the complex association between sleep quality and AD risk, focusing on the moderating role of the APOE ε4 allele.

Methods: Linear regression models, linear mixed-effects models, and Cox proportional hazard models were conducted in 321,905 non-demented participants from UK Biobank (UKB, mean age = 56.

S-nitros(yl)ation of CaMKIIα and its precision redox regulation by SNOTAC plays a critical role in learning and memory.

Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) and nitric oxide (NO) both play vital roles in learning and memory; however, the underlying mechanisms connecting them have remained elusive. To address this question, our study surprisingly observed that during learning and memory tasks, S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα, a key redox-based post-translational modification, significantly increased in mouse hippocampus. We then constructed mice with mutations in the major S-nitrosation sites of CaMKIIα (C280/289V) and found that the mutant mice exhibited remarkable cognitive impairments and attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP).

The Impact of Clustered Care on Itch Severity and Sleep Quality in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis via an Online Platform.

This study investigated the efficacy of clustered care delivered via an online platform for adult atopic dermatitis patients. Ninety-eight atopic dermatitis patients from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University (May 2022-May 2024) were randomly assigned to a study group (online clustered care) or a control group (routine care), with 49 in each. Outcomes, including itch severity (Visual Analogue Scale), atopic dermatitis severity (SCORAD), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index), were assessed at baseline and 3 months post-intervention.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae).

The hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis, is a major pest of orchards and ornamentals in the Palaearctic region, with adaptability and acaricide resistance. The lack of high-quality genomic resources limits understanding of its detoxification mechanisms and the development of RNAi-based pest control strategies. In this study, we utilized Illumina, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), and Hi-C sequencing technologies to assemble a chromosome-level reference genome of A.

Triglyceride glucose-weight-adjusted waist index as a cardiovascular mortality predictor: incremental value beyond the establishment of TyG-related indices.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for enhanced risk stratification tools. The triglyceride‒glucose-weight adjusted waist index (TyG-WWI), which integrates insulin resistance and central obesity, has emerged as a potential predictor, but its performance relative to traditional TyG-related indices (TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR) requires further validation.

Methods: We analyzed data from 24,255 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018).

Effectiveness of Interventions for Reducing Interruptions During Medication Administration: A Systematic Review.

Background: Medication errors, particularly during administration, are a major threat to patient safety, with interruptions being a key contributor. Nurses are the most affected by these disruptions, and various interventions have been proposed to reduce interruptions.

Aims: This review evaluates the effectiveness of preventive and responsive interventions aimed at reducing interruptions during medication administration.

Short-chain acyl post-translational modifications in cancers: Mechanisms, roles, and therapeutic implications.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation and are key pathways for modulating protein functionality. PTMs involve the covalent attachment of distinct chemical groups, such as succinyl, crotonyl, and lactyl, at specific protein sites, which alter protein structure, function, stability, and activity, ultimately influencing biological processes. Recently, metabolically derived short-chain acylation modifications (with acyl groups containing fewer than six carbon atoms) have been progressively identified, such as butyrylation, succinylation, crotonylation, and lactylation, differing from traditional acetylation in structure, physicochemical properties, function, and regulation.

Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obese or Diabetic Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.

Context: Results of previous studies have suggested that obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), particularly when accompanied by obesity or diabetes, is linked to glucose metabolism disorders driven by abnormal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. However, the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) in this population remains uncertain.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between serum GLP-1 levels and OSAS, as well as the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in treating OSAS.

Comparative SERS Analysis of Passive and Active Tumor Targeting in Single Cells, Spheroids, and Tissues.

Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit great promise in cancer diagnosis and treatment as drug carriers, imaging probes, and therapeutic agents. The surface ligands of NPs play a crucial role in determining their accumulation at the tumor site, thereby affecting the overall theranostic effectiveness. Here, we report a precise technique for the direct comparison of NP deposition within a singular tumor model by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) encoding.

Erratum: Synthetic liver fibrotic niche extracts achieve hepatoblasts phenotype enhancement and expansion.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.

Joint association of cognitive reserve and frailty with incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Cognitive reserve and frailty are factors associated with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, whether cognitive reserve and frailty interact to influence ADRD has not been explored well. We included 908 participants from the ADNI study.

Low-Electromotive Force-Driven Sodium Compensation for Optimizing Na Deposition in Rechargeable Sodium Batteries.

Sufficient active Na and stable electrode-electrolyte interfaces enable anode-free sodium batteries to achieve high energy densities and long operational lifespan. Here, we establish the critical role of low electromotive force (EMF) in promoting uniform Na deposition and stable interfacial chemistry by minimizing overpotential and mitigating steep concentration gradients. We accordingly designed a versatile cathode, Na-replenished P2-type oxides (NRP2), with reversible overstoichiometric Na-ion insertion that incorporates sodium compensation and promotes Na leveling deposition.

Current research and perspectives of polysaccharides in flowers: A review.

As a significant plant resource with medicinal, edible, and ornamental values, the active compounds found in flowers have garnered considerable attention. In addition to the traditionally recognized flavonoids, volatile oils, organic acids, and alkaloids, flower polysaccharides (FPs) have emerged as a research hotspot in recent years due to their unique structural characteristics and wide biological activities. Studies have shown that FPs possess significant immune-activating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and prebiotic activities, which exhibit considerable potential in disease treatment and novel drug development.