Life-Prolonging Treatment Preferences and Their Association With Health Care Utilization and End-Of-Life Experiences in Older Adults.

Background: People markedly differ in their preferences for life-prolonging treatments (LPT). We explored the association between LPT preferences and healthcare utilization and end-of-life (EOL) experiences.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 5373 older adults in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) linked to Medicare/Medicaid.

Analytical evaluation of TriVerity, a rapid diagnostic and prognostic host gene expression test performed on the Myrna instrument using RT-LAMP.

Unlabelled: We evaluated the analytical performance of the TriVerity test system, a benchtop system for rapid measurement and interpretation of host messenger RNAs (mRNAs) measured quantitatively from PAXgene Blood RNA specimens using the TriVerity cartridge on the Myrna instrument. In approximately 30 minutes, 3 scores are generated from 29 host mRNAs for the likelihood of a bacterial infection, a viral infection, and illness severity (7-day need for ICU-level care), each falling into 1 of 5 interpretation bands (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high). Reproducibility, precision, limit of detection, linearity, interference, and sample and cartridge stability were determined per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute standards.

Polypharmacy and deprescribing attitudes among stroke survivors: Opportunities for enhanced patient centered care.

Objective: This study aimed to 1) describe the burden of polypharmacy among stroke survivors compared to older adults without a history of stroke and 2) assess their attitudes towards deprescribing.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of US Medicare Beneficiaries aged ≥65 who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Polypharmacy was defined by the number of regular medications reported (no polypharmacy, ≤5; moderate, 6-10; severe, >10).

The Influence of Dimensional Parameters on the Characteristics of Magnetic Flux Concentrators Used in Tunneling Magnetoresistance Devices.

Measuring weak magnetic fields proposes significant challenges to the sensing capabilities of magnetic field sensors. The magnetic field detection capacity of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors is often insufficient for such applications, necessitating targeted optimization strategies to improve their performance in weak-field measurements. Utilizing magnetic flux concentrators (MFCs) offers an effective approach to enhance TMR sensitivity.

Erratum: Synthetic liver fibrotic niche extracts achieve hepatoblasts phenotype enhancement and expansion.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.

Lignin Changes during Prehydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Cellulose Bioconversion: A Review.

The bioconversion of a lignocellulosic biomass presents significant challenges due to its complex structure. Various pretreatments have been explored to enhance biomass accessibility for efficient fractionation. Prehydrolysis, known for its environmental friendliness and promising benefits, emerges as an effective strategy.

TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) has previously been established as a cold tumor with highly complex tumor environment. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays pro-oncogenic roles in PCa. TGF-β3, another isoform of the TGF-β family, is reported to have different and even opposite regulatory roles to TGF-β1.

Over Two Years of Sustained Remission With Olaparib Monotherapy in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With ATM Mutation: A Case Report.

Background: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations represent the most common homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their therapeutic role in NSCLC has not been established.

Case: Here, we present a case of a 91-year-old male with metastatic NSCLC who progressed on multiple lines of treatment.

Association of hs-CRP/HDL, AIP and NHHR with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional NHANES study.

Background: Inflammation and dyslipidemia have been proven to be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between hS-CRP/HDL, AIP, NHHR and COPD.

Materials And Methods: The data was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

DNA methylation and bronchiectasis: a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate causal link and therapeutic target.

This study aims to discover drug targeted genes and explore the potential epigenetics mechanisms in bronchiectasis. Cis-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) was obtained as exposure, and bronchiectasis from the FinnGen cohort was used as outcome. Mendelian Randomization (MR) was performed to identify therapeutic targets associated with bronchiectasis.

Pathogenesis and treatments for high altitude pulmonary hypertension: An updated review.

High altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) is a specific type of pulmonary hypertension, caused by chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxic environment in highlands. Recently, some important studies regarding the pathogenesis and treatments for HAPH have been published. Based on these latest publications, we performed an updated review focusing on the pathogenesis and treatments for HAPH.

Image-based evaluation of single-cell mechanics using deep learning.

Mechanical properties of cells have been proposed as potential biophysical markers for cell phenotypes and functions since they are vital for maintaining biological activities. However, current approaches used to measure single-cell mechanics suffer from low throughput, high technical complexity, and stringent equipment requirements, which cannot satisfy the demand for large-scale cell sample testing. In this study, we proposed to evaluate cell stiffness at the single-cell level using deep learning.

Interfacial Stabilization of Green and Food-Safe Emulsions through Complexation of Tannic Acid and Nanochitins.

Nanochitins exhibit unique structural attributes that confer distinct physical properties to multiphase systems. Amphiphilic tannic acid (TA) serves as an excellent candidate for interfacial modification via electrostatic adsorption and complexation with nanochitin. In this study, we developed green and food-safe strategies to enhance the stabilizing and functional performance of complexes formed through the coassembly of chitin nanofibers (ChNF) and TA.

Understanding the genomics responses of freshwater zooplanktons to salinization: a research hotspot in a saltier world.

The worldwide salinization of freshwater ecosystems poses a major threat to the biodiversity, functioning and services that these essential ecosystems provide. We are far from fully understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of salinization for freshwater organisms. Here we review current research on the genomic responses to salinity in freshwater zooplankton.

Microorganisms in Macroalgae Cultivation Ecosystems: A Systematic Review and Future Prospects Based on Bibliometric Analysis.

Microorganisms play an essential role in the biogeochemical processes of macroalgal cultivation ecosystems by participating in a complex network of interactions, significantly influencing the growth and development of macroalgae. This study used bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer based on Web of Science data to provide an overview by tracing the developmental footprint of the technology. Countries, institutions, authors, keywords, and key phrases were tracked and mapped accordingly.

4D-Printed Adaptive and Programmable Shape-Morphing Batteries.

Shape-morphing batteries that can reconfigure their shape to adapt to different tasks are highly desirable for emerging soft electronics in diverse fields. However, it is a challenging task to develop advanced shape-morphing batteries with on-demand programmability and adaptive responsiveness. Here, 4D-printed programmable shape-morphing batteries by sequentially direct-ink-writing of shape-programmable liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and in-situ covalent crosslinked flexible zinc-ion microbatteries, where tough covalent bonding is built at the interface, are reported.

Dual-atom nanozymes: Synthesis, characterization, catalytic mechanism and biomedical applications.

Dual-atom nanozymes (DAzymes), a novel class of nanozymes featuring dual-metal atomic active centers, mimic the multi-metal synergistic mechanisms of natural enzymes to achieve superior catalytic activity compared to conventional single-atom nanozymes. Their unique dual-atom architecture not only effectively mitigates metal atom aggregation but also significantly enhances substrate adsorption capacity and catalytic efficiency through interatomic electronic coupling and spatial synergy. This structural innovation addresses critical limitations of single-atom nanozymes, including low metal loading and homogeneous active sites.

4D printing of carbon-fiber-reinforced liquid crystal elastomers for self-deployable solar panels.

Deployable structures that can be switched from a folded state to a predetermined or desired configuration are of paramount significance for diverse technological applications, which require the development of advanced smart actuation materials with high mechanical strength and programmable shape-morphing ability. Herein, we present a short-carbon-fiber-reinforced liquid crystal elastomer (SCF-LCE) fabricated 4D printing, which not only demonstrates enhanced tensile strength (13.5 MPa) and high actuation strain (27%) but also exhibits adaptive photoresponsive actuation.

Survivors of Stroke Face Greater Social Risks Than Adults Who Have Not Had a Stroke: Results From a Nationwide Study.

Background: Integrating social and medical care is one strategy to promote health equity. Yet, little is known about the prevalence of health-related social risks (social risks) among survivors of stroke. We sought to determine the prevalence of social risks among survivors and to quantify how social risks change after a stroke.

A High-Sensitivity, Low-Noise, and Low-Hysteresis Tunneling Magnetoresistance Sensor Based on Structural Optimization of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

Accurate measurement of magnetic fields holds immense significance across various disciplines, such as IC circuit measurement, geological exploration, and aerospace. The sensitivity and noise parameters of magnetic field sensors play a vital role in detecting minute fluctuations in magnetic fields. However, the current detection capability of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is insufficient to meet the requirements for weak magnetic field measurement.

Mimic biological flapping motion for a two-dimensional wing by reinforcement learning.

Birds, insects, bats and fish demonstrate exceptional locomotion efficiency through adaptive flapping motions, offering a wealth of inspiration for bio-inspired propulsion systems. However, traditional research often relies on simplified motion models with limited degrees of freedom, which may not fully capture the complexity, adaptability, and efficiency of natural movement. In this study, we propose an adaptive motion optimization framework based on reinforcement learning (RL), aiming to address the aforementioned challenges.

Evolution of AI enabled healthcare systems using textual data with a pretrained BERT deep learning model.

In the rapidly evolving field of healthcare, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly driving the promotion of the transformation of traditional healthcare and improving medical diagnostic decisions. The overall goal is to uncover emerging trends and potential future paths of AI in healthcare by applying text mining to collect scientific papers and patent information. This study, using advanced text mining and multiple deep learning algorithms, utilized the Web of Science for scientific papers (1587) and the Derwent innovations index for patents (1314) from 2018 to 2022 to study future trends of emerging AI in healthcare.