Childhood Obesity Raises GDM Risk Through Adult Obesity: Evidence From Lifecourse Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: The relationship between childhood and adulthood obesity and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. To clarify the independent and joint effects of childhood and adulthood body size on GDM risk, and explore inflammation's role.

Methods: Using female-specific UK Biobank genome-wide association study data, genetic instruments for childhood/adult body size ("thinner," "about average," "plumper") and C-reactive protein (CRP) were identified.

Extrachromosomal DNA in cancer: Molecular mechanisms underlying oncogene amplification and tumor heterogeneity.

Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a large (typically >5 kb), functional, circular double-stranded DNA molecule that exists independently of chromosomes within the cell nucleus. Its widespread presence in human tumors and crucial role in tumorigenesis have garnered notable attention. Critically, in cancer, they often carry full-length oncogenes along with their regulatory elements.

RNA N4-acetylcytidine modification in gastrointestinal cancer: Novel functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.

Gastrointestinal cancers represent a significant global health burden driven by complex interactions among environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Among epigenetic regulators, RNA modifications have emerged as a pivotal research focus, providing novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of cancer biology. Recent advances in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing have facilitated the identification of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) as a conserved RNA modification with critical biological functions.

Association of dietary choline and betaine intake with all-cause mortality: a longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Epidemiologic evidence on the association between dietary choline, betaine and mortality risk remains limited, particularly among non-Western populations. We examined the association of dietary choline and betaine with all-cause mortality in Chinese adults using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991-2015. We included 9027 men and 8828 women without CVD and cancer at baseline.

Boosted HO activation for water decontamination via biomass carbon dots/WO composites: The role of Z-scheme charge transfer pathway and dual reaction centers.

Photo-Fenton-like catalytic reactions exhibit remarkable effectiveness in environmental remediation owing to the synergistic interaction between photocatalysis and peroxide activation. Herein, biomass carbon quantum dots (BCDs) derived from pomelo peels were used to modulate BCDs/WO (BW) composites with dual reaction centers via a microwave-induced solvothermal approach, forming an iron-free photo-Fenton-like system (PFLS). Driven by the built-in electric field across the BW heterointerface, a Z-scheme charge transfer route was elucidated, which endows rapid photoexcited electron transfer from the WO to the BCDs.

3D bioprinted scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration: advancements and applications.

Osteochondral defects, involving concurrent damage to articular cartilage and subchondral bone, pose significant clinical challenges due to their complex hierarchical structure and limited self-healing capacity. Traditional repair strategies often fail to replicate the biomechanical and biological gradients inherent to native osteochondral tissue, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a transformative approach, enabling precise spatial deposition of biomaterials, cells, and signaling factors to construct biomimetic scaffolds with tailored gradients.

Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Tool for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanism.

Liver cancer is a significant global health concern, with projections indicating that the incidence of morbidity may surpass one million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant subtype of liver cancer, constituting approximately 90% of all liver cancer diagnoses. Infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are recognized as primary risk factors for the development of HCC.

The quality of plant-based diets and liver cancer incidence and liver disease mortality in the UK Biobank.

Background & Aims: Plant-based diets have been associated with a lower risk of various chronic diseases. However, their role in preventing liver cancer and liver-related death is currently unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between plant-based diets and the risk of liver cancer incidence and liver disease mortality in the UK Biobank.

PD-1 antibody camrelizumab plus apatinib and SOX as first-line treatment in patients with AFP-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (CAP 06): a multi-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (AFP-G/GEJ) cancer, a rare gastric cancer subtype, exhibits increased angiogenesis and more immunosuppression than non-AFP-G/GEJ cancer. The potential benefits of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy for this specific subtype remain unknown. This multi-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.

CAR Macrophages: a promising novel immunotherapy for solid tumors and beyond.

With the advent of adoptive cellular therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has gained widespread application in cancer treatment and has demonstrated significant efficacy against certain hematologic malignancies. However, due to the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in treating solid tumors, other immune cells are being modified with CAR to address this issue. Macrophages have emerged as a promising option, owing to their extensive immune functions, which include antigen presentation, powerful tumor phagocytosis, and particularly active trafficking to the tumor microenvironment.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical core-shell carbon@ZnInS composite for boosted photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H production.

Against the backdrop of energy shortage, hydrogen energy has attracted much attention as a green and clean energy source. In order to explore efficient hydrogen production pathways, we designed a composite photocatalyst with carbon-based core-shell photothermal-assisted photocatalytic system (Carbon@ZnInS, denoted as C@ZIS). The well-designed catalyst C@ZIS composites demonstrated a photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation rate of 2.

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and hepatocellular carcinoma survival.

Background: Little is known about the role of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and their interaction with vitamin D status in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis.

Methods: We evaluated the association of TaqI, BsmI, Cdx-2, and ApaI polymorphisms, individually and in combination, with liver cancer-specific (LCSS) and overall survival (OS) among 967 patients with newly diagnosed HCC. Subsequently, we examined whether these polymorphisms modified the association between serum bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and survival.

Boosting photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H production over black g-CN nanosheet photocatalyst via incorporation with carbon dots.

Although photocatalytic H production based on semiconductor materials has a wide potential application, it still facing challenges such as slow reaction kinetics or complex synthesis processes. To meet these challenges, the carbon dots loaded black g-CN (CN-B-CDs) was synthesized by simple calcination method to achieve efficient photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H production. Photothermal imaging experiments confirmed the photothermal effect of CN-B and CDs as dual heat sources to increase the temperature of the composite system, thus improving the effective separation of photo-generated charges.

Specific lineage transition of tumor-associated macrophages elicits immune evasion of ascitic tumor cells in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis.

Background: Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (PM-GC), recognized as one of the deadliest cancers. However, whether and how the tumor cell-extrinsic tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in the therapeutic failure remains unknown. Thus, this study systematically assessed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in ascites from patients with PM-GC, and its contribution to dissemination and immune evasion of ascites-disseminated tumor cells (aDTCs).

[Research progress on the role and clinical application of Siglecs in tumor immunity].

Lectins are proteins responsible for recognizing the signals of sugar molecules in the body. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) regulate the innate and adaptive immune responses in the tumor microenvironment by recognizing the glycan structure containing sialic acid and mediating downstream signals through immune receptor tyrosine inhibitory motifs. In recent years, a variety of tumor treatment strategies targeting the sialic acid-Siglecs axis have been introduced, including sialoglycoprotein-mediated drug delivery and antibody mediated inhibition of Siglecs from recognizing tumor surface ligands.

Tracking circulating PD-L1-positive cells to monitor the outcome of patients with gastric cancer receiving anti-HER2 plus anti-PD-1 therapy.

Dual blockade of HER2 and PD-1/PD-L1 is the most promising regimen for HER2-positive patients with gastric cancer (GC); PD-L1 combined positive score, rather than HER2 status, indicates potential benefit. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) derived from the tumor microenvironment provide platforms for the dynamic evaluation of PD-L1 expression. Whether PD-L1 positive CTCs/CECs (PD-L1CTCs/CECs) can serve as biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy remains unknown.

Boosting photothermal-assisted photocatalytic water/seawater splitting into hydrogen based on greenhouse-induced photothermal effect.

Photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen production is a very promising way to maximize solar energy utilization to obtain clean energy. Herein, we designed a composite photocatalyst with coating core-shell FeO@SiO nanoparticles on the surface of ZnInS micro-flowers for high-efficient photothermal-assisted photocatalytic water/seawater splitting. Experimental results reveal that in the core-shell structure of FeO@SiO, the addition of the SiO shell in FeO@SiO not only separates the photothermal and photochemical components, avoiding competition between them, but also further increases the temperature of the core in a manner similar to the greenhouse effect, which was used as a hot core to provide heat to the ZnInS photocatalyst to increase the surface reaction temperature and enhance the collision chances of photo-generated carriers into causing severe recombination of carriers, thus promoting the hydrogen generation.

Plasmonic coupling-boosted photothermal nanoreactor for efficient solar light-driven photocatalytic water splitting.

Photothermal nanoreactor with rapid charge transfer and improved spectral utilization is a key point in photocatalysis research. Herein, silver sulfide quantum dots (AgS QDs) were coating on the surface of porous graphitic carbon nitride nano vesicles (PCNNVs) to form AgS/PCNNVs nanoreactors by a simple calcination method for obtaining efficient photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen (H) evolution under simulated/real sunlight irradiation. In particularly, the as-prepared optimal 3% AgS/PCNNVs sample exhibited the H production rate of 34.

Platelet-rich plasma in the pathologic processes of tendinopathy: a review of basic science studies.

Tendinopathy is a medical condition that includes a spectrum of inflammatory and degenerative tendon changes caused by traumatic or overuse injuries. The pathological mechanism of tendinopathy has not been well defined, and no ideal treatment is currently available. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous whole blood derivative containing a variety of cytokines and other protein components.

Multiple electromagnet synergistic control enabled fast and automatic biosensing of Salmonella in a sealed microfluidic chip.

Point-of-care testing of pathogens is vital for prevention of food poisoning. Herein, a colorimetric biosensor was elaborately developed to rapidly and automatically detect Salmonella in a sealed microfluidic chip with one central chamber for housing immunomagnetic nanoparticles (IMNPs), bacterial sample and immune manganese dioxide nanoclusters (IMONCs), four functional chambers for housing absorbent pad, deionized water and HO-TMB substrate, and four symmetric peripheral chambers for achieving fluidic control. Four electromagnets were placed under peripheral chambers and synergistically controlled to manipulate their respective iron cylinders at the top of these chambers for deforming these chambers, resulting in precise fluidic control with designated flowrate, volume, direction and time.

Curcumin analogues exert potent inhibition on human and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as potential therapeutic agents: structure-activity relationship and in silico docking.

Curcuminoids are functional food additives, and the effect on gonadal hormone biosynthesis remains unclear. Gonads contain 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms, 3β-HSD2 (humans) and r3β-HSD1 (rats), which catalyse pregnenolone into progesterone. The potency and mechanisms of curcuminoids to inhibit 3β-HSD activity were explored.