Navigating challenges in hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage: a comprehensive review of current evidence.

Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a complex neurological condition resulting from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation disruptions due to intraventricular blood entry. This review synthesizes current evidence on pathophysiology, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Following IVH, erythrocyte lysis releases hemoglobin and iron, triggering oxidative stress and ferroptosis, while thrombin activation, TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis, inflammatory cascades, and ependymal damage collectively contribute to ventricular enlargement.

Mutations in the Promoter in the Emamectin Benzoate-Resistant Strain of Contribute to Elevated Expression Levels and Enhanced Metabolic Detoxification Capacity against Emamectin Benzoate.

While emamectin benzoate (EB) remains a key insecticide against , significant resistance has developed, compromising its effectiveness. Identifying response genes and mutations is critical for resistance management. Here, genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis of EB-resistant (EB-R) and EB-susceptible (EB-Sus) strains of identified 177 candidate genes.

Pancreatic Panniculitis Complicated by Asymptomatic Acute Pancreatitis with Biliary Stricture: Analysis of a Misdiagnosed Case.

This report describes a case of pancreatic panniculitis secondary to acute pancreatitis caused by biliary stricture following multiple biliary surgeries. The aim is to highlight the importance of recognizing atypical presentations. The patient, a 46-year-old woman, presented with erythematous macules and nodules on the extremities accompanied by polyarthralgia.

Clinical management and long-term outcomes in pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a 12-Year experience with 14 surgically treated adult patients at a single center.

Background: Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare, borderline mesenchymal neoplasm with unclear etiology. It carries recurrence risks but lacks robust data on surgical outcomes in adults. This study analyzes clinicopathological features and long-term results of surgically managed adult PIMT patients at a single center.

Development and validation of an explainable machine learning model for predicting osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Osteoporosis is a common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its screening rate remains low. This study aimed to develop and validate a cost-effective and interpretable machine learning (ML) model to predict the risk of osteoporosis in patients with T2DM.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1560 inpatients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) between January 2022 and December 2023 at Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine.

Fire-Ant-Inspired Magnetic Swarms with Stable Flotation for Programmable Shape Morphing and Cooperative Multitasking.

Inspired by the remarkable buoyancy and collective adaptability of fire ant rafts, this study presents magnetic composite micro-floaters (MCMs) capable of stable flotation at air-water interfaces-a key advancement for magnetic microrobotic swarms in fluid environments. The system overcomes the intrinsic sinking tendency of high-density NdFeB microparticles through bioinspired surface engineering. MCMS are fabricated via a solvent-exchange phase inversion process, encapsulating NdFeB cores with hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) and engineered surface roughness.

Does uveitis increase the risk of age-related wet macular degeneration? A Mendelian randomization study.

Aim: To use two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to study uveitis causal association with wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) risk from the genetic level.

Methods: Two-sample MR analysis was used to assess the causal role of uveitis on wAMD risk, using the 8 genetic variants associated strongly with uveitis as instrumental variables. Besides, eight MR methods [inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, simple mode, robust adjusted profile score (RAPS), contamination inverse-variance weighted method, and debiased inverse-variance weighted method] were used to get the whole causal estimate for multiple instrumental single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs).

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with borderline resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The optimal treatment strategy for patients with borderline resectable (cT3br) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes and prognoses between neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NACI) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in cT3br ESCC patients.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with cT3br ESCC who received either NACI or NCRT followed by surgery between January 2016 and December 2022 were identified.

Metformin activates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis and fetal heart abnormalities via the Dnmt3l/Usp18/STAT1 pathway.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important risk factor for developing congenital heart disease (CHD). It is urgent to find therapeutic drugs that reduce blood glucose and protect patients from CHD. In this study, rat models of type 1 (intraperitoneal injection with 50 mg/kg streptozocin) and type 2 (high fat/high sugar diet for 5 weeks plus 28 mg/kg streptozocin) gestational diabetes were established.

ShiftKD: Benchmarking knowledge distillation under distribution shift.

Knowledge Distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from large models to small models and has recently achieved remarkable success. However, the reliability of existing KD methods in real-world applications, especially under distribution shift, remains underexplored. Distribution shift refers to the data distribution drifts between the training and testing phases, and this can adversely affect the efficacy of KD.

AI-Driven Wearable Bioelectronics in Digital Healthcare.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with wearable bioelectronics is revolutionizing digital healthcare by enabling proactive, personalized, and data-driven medical solutions. These advanced devices, equipped with multimodal sensors and AI-powered analytics, facilitate real-time monitoring of physiological and biochemical parameters-such as cardiac activity, glucose levels, and biomarkers-allowing for early disease detection, chronic condition management, and precision therapeutics. By shifting healthcare from reactive to preventive paradigms, AI-driven wearables address critical challenges, including rising chronic disease burdens, aging populations, and healthcare accessibility gaps.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00339 promotes osteoporosis development via modulating of regulator CDC42 by binding PARP1.

Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. Our previous investigation provided preliminary evidence that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may functionally interact with the LINC00339, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of osteoporosis through undefined molecular pathways. However, the exact mechanistic basis of LINC00339's involvement in osteoporotic bone remodeling remains incompletely characterized and warrants systematic exploration.

Smoking Promotes AT2 Cell Senescence and Exacerbates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Downregulating POT1 via Integratively Inducing CpG Methylation and MECP2-Mediated FOXP2 Transcriptional Binding Inhibition.

Smoking is one of the most recognized risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study reveals smoking increases the risk of developing idiopathic PF (IPF) and that smoked IPF patients exhibit higher levels of senescence markers than non-smoker IPF patients.

Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for osteoporosis diagnosis by lumbosacral X-ray and radiomics.

Purpose: To develop a clinical prediction model for the diagnosis of osteoporosis using lumbosacral X-ray images through radiomics analysis.

Methods: A total of 272 patients who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and lumbosacral X-ray examinations were categorized into two groups: (1) the training set (n = 191) and (2) the validation set (n = 81). Radiomic features were extracted using 3D Slicer software, and radiomic scores were calculated using the least absolute contraction and selection operator logistic regression, facilitating the generation of radiomic features.

CCNY-mediated phosphorylation and TET2-BACH1-driven DNA demethylation activate PRC1 to augment NSCLC progression.

Background: The protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is a prognostic marker characterized by low DNA methylation in lung cancer. This study aims to examine the function of PRC1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and investigates its regulatory mechanisms.

Methods: PRC1 expression in NSCLC cells was assessed using qPCR and western blot analyses.

Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies plus small molecule anti-angiogenic drugs and chemotherapy in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis: a multicenter real-world study.

Background: Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has emerged as the first-line standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, obvious survival benefits in patients with peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer remain elusive. The combination of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy has shown synergistic effects.

Conversion Surgery After Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Stage IV HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The efficacy and safety of conversion surgery after immunotherapy combined with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for patients with stage IV human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients with stage IV HER2-positive GC treated between February 2012 and October 2024 across three centers in China. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed HER2-positive GC with unresectable stage IV disease treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.

Mapping current research status and emerging frontiers of lipidomics: a comprehensive data-mining-based study.

Background: Lipids are crucial biomolecules involved in various biological processes, with changes in lipid profiles closely linked to the development of multiple disorders. Recent advances in lipidomics have transformed our understanding of lipid metabolism, yet challenges remain, highlighting the need for a comprehensive bibliometric study to identify current research status and emerging frontiers in this rapidly evolving field.

Methods: This study collected publications related to lipidomics from the Web of Science Core Collection database.

Near-field electrospun 3D anisotropic fiber-hydrogel scaffold integrated with photothermal effect for skin wound healing.

Wound healing remains a critical clinical challenge due to inflammatory responses, oxidative stress in the wound microenvironment, and impaired tissue remodeling. In this study, an anisotropic scaffold was developed by integrating photothermal stimulation with topographical cues to modulate wound healing. The scaffold consisted of gelatin methacryloyl (GM) hydrogel and radially aligned poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers integrated with polydopamine (PDA).

Development of a nomogram for predicting recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer involving traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Background: The treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is evolving towards personalization and precision. Early prediction of recurrence can provide a basis for individualized monitoring and treatment. Our study aims to develop a predictive model for early recurrence of ovarian cancer incorporating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment.

A new combination approach to extracellular production of 5-aminolevulinic acid for purification and application in alleviating cadmium-induced oxidative stress in maize.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is widely applied in agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine, and often manufactured in Escherichia coli for overexpressing ALA synthase (ALAS) from α-proteobacteria. For enhancing extracellular ALA production, several approaches have been exploited. Here, we developed and identified a new combination strategy to increase ALA production in E.

A randomized, open-label, multi-center, active-controlled phase II study comparing abiraterone acetate tablets (II), an improved formulation, versus originator abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: Abiraterone is a 17α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This multi-center, randomized, open-label, active-controlled phase II study compared the pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety of abiraterone acetate tablets (II) (AAT[II]), a new formulation of abiraterone acetate, and ZYTIGA®, the originator abiraterone acetate (OAA), in patients with metastatic CRPC.

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 300 mg AAT(II) daily plus 5 mg prednisone twice daily or 1000 mg OAA daily plus 5 mg prednisone twice daily for 84 days.

Head-to-head comparison of peptide-based and nanobody-based radiotracers in detecting PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy based on programmed cell death protein receptor 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has become an important method for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Peptide-based and nanobody-based PET tracers offer potential advantages in PD-L1 detection, yet their comparative tumor uptake and biodistribution remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate and compare [Ga]Ga-DOTA-WL12 (a peptide-based tracer) and [Ga]Ga-NOTA-RW102 (a nanobody-based tracer) in assessing PD-L1 expression in primary and metastatic NSCLC, providing insights for future radiotracer design and theranostic applications.

Eculizumab as fast-acting rescue therapy for pembrolizumab-induced impending crisis state of myasthenia gravis: a case report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab, have demonstrated substantial therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer. However, immune-related adverse events, including myasthenia gravis (MG), present significant clinical challenges. This study presents the case of a 75-year-old male patient who developed generalized acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG following the first infusion of pembrolizumab for cholangiocarcinoma.