Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on a Novel Ultrasound-Based Carotid Plaque Scoring System and Clinical Factors.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized by high incidence, sudden onset, and often poor prognosis. Carotid atherosclerosis plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, and ultrasound imaging offers a non-invasive method for evaluating carotid plaque characteristics. This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for AIS risk based on a novel ultrasound-based carotid plaque scoring system combined with clinical risk factors.

The immunomodulatory effects of yeast glycoprotein in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) against skin ulceration syndrome induced by Vibrio alginolyticus.

The antibacterial efficacy of yeast glycoprotein (YG) against Vibrio alginolyticus (VA) and its potential benefits for sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) health and growth were investigated. A total of 844 proteins were identified in YG, with the top 30 ranked by iBAQ (intensity-based Absolute Quantification, a metric reflecting protein abundance) values for further analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of YG against V.

Correction: Novel enterprises digital transformation influence empirical study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Critical Evaluation of Methods for the Identification of Aneugens.

The genotoxic potential of chemicals must be evaluated in regulatory safety assessment settings, including but not limited to, the development of new pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, food and cosmetic ingredients, and agrochemicals. Initial assessment of the chromosome-damaging potential of chemicals is often conducted in mammalian cells using the micronucleus (MN) assay, a method capable of detecting both aneugenicity and clastogenicity. When differentiation between these modes of action (MOAs) is necessary, microscopy-based analyses using fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) or CREST staining have traditionally been employed.

Conversion Surgery After Trastuzumab-Based Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy for Stage IV HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The efficacy and safety of conversion surgery after immunotherapy combined with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for patients with stage IV human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients with stage IV HER2-positive GC treated between February 2012 and October 2024 across three centers in China. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed HER2-positive GC with unresectable stage IV disease treated with trastuzumab-based chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy.

The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU alleviates Aβ-mediated neuroinflammatory responses in Drosophila melanogaster and cellular models of alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and its pathogenesis is closely associated with neuroinflammation. The control of neuroinflammation in AD is the focus of current research. soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) protein is increased in the brain tissues of patients with AD and has been targeted by multiple genome wide association studies as a prime target for treating AD.

Risk evaluation of metro tunnel shield construction based on game variable weight extension cloud theory.

To address the issues of fuzziness and randomness in risk evaluation for subway shield construction, this study proposes a risk assessment model integrating variable weight theory and an extension cloud model to enable a more scientific and effective evaluation. Firstly, the WBS-RBS (Work Breakdown Structure-Risk Breakdown Structure) method was employed to establish a risk evaluation index system for metro tunnel construction, with risk levels classified into Grades I-V. Secondly, the ordinal relationship method (G1) and entropy weight method were applied to calculate the fixed weights of the evaluation indexes.

Host-mediated environmental microbiome recruitment by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) enhances waste biotransformation.

The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have demonstrated the ability to convert organic waste into high-quality proteins, lipids, and chitin on an industrial scale. This study aimed to examine the influence of exogenous microbes on the growth and development of BSFL by comparing Germ-free and normal BSFL that were reared on different substrates. Furthermore, the research evaluated the effects of microbes associated with the eggs.

Retrospective Analysis of Cement Extravasation Rates in Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, and Bone Tumor Radiofrequency Ablation.

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation techniques, including vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and bone tumor radiofrequency ablation (BT-RFA), are commonly used to treat painful vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). While generally safe and effective, they carry risks, including cement extravasation, which can lead to pulmonary embolism or spinal cord compression. This study aims to compare the rate of cement extravasation across different vertebral augmentation techniques and identify potential risk factors.

Dithienylethene-based supramolecular chiroptical switch in phosphate-coordination-driven 2 : 2 duplexes.

Chiral photoswitches based on dithienylethenes have attracted extensive attention due to their unique chirality and optical activities, endowing them with potential applications in a multitude of fields. Herein, we present a new dithienylethene-based supramolecular chiroptical switch system driven by phosphate coordination. In the open-ring form, a mesocate structure (circular dichroism (CD) silent) is observed.

Design of a public health emergency equipment modularized system for bioterrorism events in major public places based on scenario analysis, literature review, cluster analysis, and Delphi consultation.

Objective: To improve the standardization of health emergency equipment at the scene of bioterrorism events in major public places and to establish a health emergency equipment modularized system for such events.

Methods: Based on domestic laws and regulations, domestic and international literature on health emergencies from 2004 to 2023, and survey data on the equipment configuration of domestic health emergency equipment enterprises and relevant emergency response teams, this study first used scenario analysis to explore the functional requirements of health emergency equipment from three aspects: the environment in which bioterrorism events occur, the survival and task requirements of personnel at the scene, and the methods of emergency response. Second, with reference to national standards for the allocation of health emergency equipment, a preliminary plan for the equipment system was determined through literature analysis and market research.

Isolation and characterization of virulent bacteriophages and controlling Salmonella Enteritidis biofilms on chicken meat.

Salmonella is a prominent zoonotic pathogen that continues to represent a large threat to food safety and public health worldwide. Concurrently, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella, highlighting the urgent need for new approaches to manage these bacteria. In this context, virulent bacteriophages are increasingly recognized as a potential and effective biological control method against Salmonella.

The expression of PRMT5 is associated with postoperative chemotherapeutic outcome in colon cancer.

Background: Postoperative chemotherapy is an essential treatment in locally advanced colon cancer, however, effective biomarkers for predicting patients who will benefit from this therapy are lacking. This study aims to explore the clinical value of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in guiding adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer.

Methods: PRMT5 expression was determined via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor and paratumor samples from 199 colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery.

Hydrogenation of "Readily Activated Molecule" for Glycine Electrosynthesis.

The hydrogenation of glyoxylate oxime is the energy-intensive step in glycine electrosynthesis. To date, there has been a lack of rational guidance for catalyst design specific to this step, and the unique characteristics of the oxime molecule have often been overlooked. In this study, we initiate a theoretical framework to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of glycine electrosynthesis across typical transition metals.

Characterization of Flexusin A, a Novel Circular Bacteriocin Produced by Marine Bacterium R29-2.

Circular bacteriocins are potent antimicrobials against pathogenic Gram-positives. In searching for marine bacteriocins, an antibacterial peptide (flexusin A) was purified from the fermentation broth of marine bacterium R29-2. Genome sequencing and gene annotation revealed the chromosome contained an unknown circular bacteriocin gene cluster.

Lignocellulolytic Bacterial Engineering for Tailoring the Microstructure of Hard Carbon as a Sodium-Ion Battery Anode with Fast Plateau Kinetics.

Lignocellulosic biomass-derived pyrolysis hard carbon (LCB-HC) shows promising commercial potential as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). LCB compromises multiple biopolymer carbon sources, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which influence the formation and microstructure of pyrolysis HC. However, the poor plateau kinetics of LCB-HC is one of the main obstacles that severely limits its energy density with high power density, which could be attributed to the narrow interlayer distance and the lack of abundant closed pores for the intercalation/filling of Na.

Ordered PtMn Intermetallic Setting the Maximum Threshold Activity of Disordered Variants for Glycerol Electrolysis.

Glycerol electrolysis is a promising strategy for generating hydrogen at the cathode and value-added products at the anode. However, the effect of the atomic distribution within catalysts on their catalytic performance remains largely unexplored, primarily because of the inherent complexity of the glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). Herein, an ordered PtMn (O-PtMn) intermetallic compound and a disordered PtMn (D-PtMn) alloy are used as model catalysts, and their performance in the GOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is studied.

Unlocking Efficient Electrosynthesis of α-Amino Acids: Adsorption Geometry Modulation and Electronic Structure Reconstruction in the Ag/Cu Bimetallic System.

Electrosynthesis of α-amino acids from α-keto acids is a promising strategy but faces challenges such as high reduction potential and limited efficiency due to sluggish reaction kinetics and competitive side reactions. Here, this study presents a bimetallic Ag/Cu nanowires (NWs) catalyst that effectively addresses these issues, demonstrating an exceptionally low onset-potential of -0.18 V versus RHE for alanine electrosynthesis and achieving a remarkable alanine yield of 690 µmol h cm.

Recycled calcium polypeptides modulate microbial dynamics and enhance bioconversion in kitchen waste-garden waste co-composting system.

The kitchen waste and garden waste (KW-GW) co-composting system provides an effective method for recycling these two types of municipal solid waste; however, further improvements are needed to enhance bioconversion performance. This study investigates a novel composting additive, calcium polypeptides (CPPs), derived from waste animal and plant proteins, which can enhance the bioconversion capacity of biomass in the KW-GW co-composting system. As a pH regulator and an available nitrogen source, CPPs significantly increase the compost matrix pH, prolong the thermophilic phase, and reduce emissions of exhaust gases such as CH, NO, NH, and HS by 52.

Phase I/II Study of the Aurora Kinase A Inhibitor Alisertib and Pembrolizumab in Refractory, Rb-Deficient Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Purpose: Effective therapy for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) that is refractory to chemotherapy and immunotherapy is a considerable need. Aurora kinase A inhibition leads to apoptosis and immunogenic cell death in preclinical models of human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven cancers.

Patients And Methods: Alisertib was administered orally twice daily on days 1-7 and pembrolizumab on day 1 of a 21-day cycle to adults with advanced solid tumors (phase I) or with immunotherapy- and platinum-resistant, HPV-positive HNSCC (phase II).

Biodegradation of commercial polyester polyurethane by a soil-borne bacterium Bacillus velezensis MB01B: Efficiency, degradation pathway, and in-situ remediation in landfill soil.

Polyurethane (PU), a widely used and durable plastic, persists in the environment, resulting in significant waste management challenges. Therefore, developing eco-friendly degradation technologies, such as screening for efficient biodegrading microorganism strains, is urgently needed to address this issue. Bacillus velezensis MB01B, an efficient polyester PU-degrading bacterium, was isolated from landfill soil and demonstrated the ability to degrade 91.

Multicriteria optimization achieves superior normal tissue sparing in volumetric modulated arc therapy for gastric cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) based on multicriteria optimization (MCO) for gastric cancer patients, particularly the protection of serial organs at risk (OARs) that overlap with the target volume.

Methods: MCO and single-criterion optimization (SCO) VMAT plans were conducted among 30 gastric cancer patients, with a prescription dose of 50.4 Gy delivered in 28 fractions.