Sesquiterpenoids from Euphorbia esula L.

Six undescribed sesquiterpene esters, euphoresulins A-F, along with fourteen known daucane analogues were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia esula growing in Uzbekistan. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, with absolute configurations established by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data, in addition to single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. Euphoresulins A-F (1-6) presented sesquiterpene ester types of daucane for euphoresulins A-D (1-4) and aromadendrane for euphoresulins E-F (5-6).

Discovery of novel xanthotoxin-pyridine quaternary ammonium derivatives with membrane-targeting mode of action as potential antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major global health threat owing to its multi-drug resistance, creating an urgent need for novel antibiotics. This study focused on developing anti-MRSA agents by designing and synthesizing 30 xanthotoxin-pyridine quaternary ammonium derivatives, followed by evaluating their antibacterial activity and dissecting their mechanism of action against MRSA. Among all derivatives, III13 demonstrated as the most promising candidate: it exhibited potent anti-MRSA activity (MIC = 1 μg/mL), low cytotoxicity, minimal hemolysis, rapid bactericidal effects, and the ability to disrupt biofilms.

Ovatodiolide: Recent Advances in Pharmacological Activities and Mechanisms.

Ovatodiolide, a macrocyclic diterpenoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Anisomeles indica, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities in recent research. Its antitumor effects involve modulation of key signaling pathways (e.g.

Identification and characterization of the first G8P[1] sheep rotavirus strain in China: Genetic similarity to human rotavirus and zoonotic potential.

Rotavirus (RV) is a major cause of gastroenteritis in both humans and many mammals, including livestock. However, information regarding RV in sheep remains limited, particularly in China. This study reports the first isolation and characterization of the G8-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 type sheep RV strain (GS13) in China.

COG6 is an essential host factor for influenza A virus infection.

Influenza A virus (IAV) relies on the host cellular machinery to support its replication. Understanding these host dependencies can inform the development of novel antiviral strategies. In this study, we identified conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6 (COG6) as a novel host factor critical for IAV replication through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) knockout screen.

Age- and gender-specific dynamics and next-generation reference intervals for pepsinogen in northern China.

Background: Pepsinogen (PG) and the PG I/II ratio (PGR) are critical indicators for diagnosing infection and chronic atrophic gastritis, and assessing gastric cancer risk. Existing reference intervals (RIs) often overlook age, sex, and demographic variations. Partitioned RIs, while considering these factors, fail to capture the gradual age-related physiological changes.

A highly efficient ultra-broadband and wide-angle plasmon absorber based on nanocavity arrays for solar harvesting.

As the demand for renewable energy continues to rise, developing efficient solar energy harvesting technologies has become increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a plasmon absorber utilizing nanocavity arrays to achieve ultra-broadband absorption of solar energy. The results show that the absorber achieves an average absorption rate of 95.

The impact of prehabilitation strategies on psychological state, glucose metabolism, and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of prehabilitation strategies on the psychological state and glucose metabolism markers in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods: A total of 120 eligible patients undergoing elective LSG between January 2024 and December 2024 were enrolled in the study. They were randomly assigned to either the control group or the observation group, with 60 patients in each group.

Association of increased serum I-309 with renal function impairment and diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine serum I-309 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, as well as the association with clinical/laboratory phenotypes and disease complications.

Methods: A total of 155 T2DM patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The concentrations of serum I-309, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured.

A mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for detecting HS, Cys, and GSH simultaneously in tumors.

In this study, we developed a mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe HD-Br-D for simultaneous detection of HS, Cys, and GSH and . We anticipate that HD-Br-D will become a powerful tool for diagnosis of diseases, such as tumors, in the near future.

Light-Activatable Nanotherapeutic Platform Synchronizing ROS-Mediated Antibacterial Action with Macrophage Polarization for Refractory Wound Infections.

The treatment of persistent drug-resistant bacterial infections in wounds poses a significant global medical challenge. Developing innovative antimicrobial strategies capable of simultaneously achieving bacterial eradication, inflammation resolution, and tissue regeneration has become imperative. Herein, a nanocomposite featuring plasma-enhanced enzymatic activity and immunoregulatory properties is engineered, designed to reprogram the wound microenvironment and expedite healing in drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Case Report: A familial hematological pedigree reveals VHL germline mutation as a principal predisposition factor with additional mutations modulating phenotypic heterogeneity.

Background: VHL germline mutations are classically associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, but their role in hematological malignancies remains underexplored.

Methods: We analyzed a pedigree with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) proband and two offspring: primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) via targeted sequencing and familial validation.

Results: Genetic analysis revealed: (1) the proband carried concurrent VHL, ASXL3, and CCR7 germline mutations along with acquired BCOR/NF1 variants; (2) the ITP-affected offspring inherited ASXL3/CCR7 mutations only; and (3) the T-ALL case exhibited solely the VHL mutation.

Machine Learning-Driven Optimization of Therapeutic Substance Composition for High-Hardness, Fast-Dissolving Microneedles for Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment.

Treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) holds great promise; however, effective and comfortable delivery remains a challenge. Direct injection causes pain, and PRP-incorporated microneedles (MNs) have low hardness and slow dissolution. To tackle this problem, we propose a machine-learning (ML)-driven strategy, which involves integrating the selection of therapeutic substances, orthogonal experiment designs, ML prediction, and Pareto front identification.

Multi-omics reveals the health advantages of minor coarse cereals.

Minor coarse cereals play an essential role in the agricultural industry and in promoting healthy diet, owing to their strong climate adaptability and nutritional purposes. The present study comprehensively analyzed nutritional value of minor coarse cereals, which surpasses that of staple crops, through multi-omics. Minor coarse cereals possessed higher level of dietary fiber, particularly foxtail millet (37.

Esculetin inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and enhances anti-colorectal cancer activity via binding to ENO1.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignant tumor worldwide and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. At present, while its standard treatment consists of a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, metastasis and recurrence are generally associated with a poor prognosis.

Methods: Flow cytometry with Hoechst 33342 staining was employed to detect the changes in cell cycle and apoptosis in CRC cells.

Morphology- and adhesion-dual biomimetic nanovaccine boosts antigen cross-presentation through subcellular transport regulation.

In situ tumor vaccines have immense potential for immunotherapy because they generate whole tumor-derived antigens (TDAs) to activate antitumor immune responses. However, the rapid degradation and clearance of the released TDAs severely hinder subsequent antigen presentation and the final efficacy of the in situ vaccine. Here, we synthesized gold nanoxanthium coated with polydopamine (AuNX-PDA) to mimic the morphological and biological adhesion properties of xanthium and mussels, respectively.

Nanocarrier Nanomechanics: A Key to Unlocking Endocytosis in Cancer Cells Navigating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Dynamics.

The mechanical properties of nanocarriers and the ability of tumor cells to sense mechanical cues are critical factors in regulating cellular internalization. During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cells undergo changes that enhance their invasiveness, but how these changes affect their ability to sense mechanical cues, thereby impacting drug delivery efficiency and treatment effects, is still unknown. Here, we synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) with different Young's moduli ranging from 0.

Cervical sliding sign and cervical funneling in the third trimester as predictors of spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnancy.

Background: Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and accurate prediction remains challenging. Sonographic transvaginal cervical length (CL) and uterocervical angle (UCA) are commonly used as general screening methods for predicting preterm birth. However, these methods are limited by the variability of reference values.

Fluoride-Effect-Directed Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Acylation of Carbohydrate Diols and Triols.

Herein, we report that acyl fluorides enable the switchable selective acylation of vicinal 1,2--diol motifs in carbohydrates. While DMAP as a catalyst directs equatorial acylation, DBU highly promotes the thermodynamically unfavorable axial O-acylation, reversing conventional preferences. NMR studies and DFT calculations indicate that triple hydrogen bonding governs this unusual regioselectivity.

Chemical composition and transcriptomic analysis revealed the dynamic changes of saponins during the growth of var. .

is a valuable medicinal plant whose rhizomes are rich in diverse ginsenosides. However, its perennial growth habit can significantly influence the quality and consistency of the herbal product. Despite its medicinal importance, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying saponin biosynthesis during different growth stages remain largely unknown.

Application of cardiopulmonary coupled sleep monitoring technology in sleep analysis of glaucoma patients.

Objective: To assess sleep quality of glaucoma patients using cardiopulmonary coupled CPC monitoring.

Methods: 276 patients from July 2021 to May 2022 were continuously collected. 176 patients including 95 patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (group A) and 81 patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (group B) were enrolled, 100 cataract patients (group C) as the control group.

Exploring the hepatoprotective efficacy of Cortex Fraxini from the perspective of interplay between antibacterial molecule and the gut microbiota.

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Cortex Fraxini (CF), focusing on the interaction between its antibacterial constituents and gut microbiota. In vitro fermentation of CF extract with rat fecal bacteria led to changes in the content of four typical coumarins (fraxin, fraxetin, esculin, and esculetin) and produced a metabolite (labeled as mCoumarin). Fraxetin exhibited potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, whereas mCoumarin, despite its milder direct effects, notably increased the prebiotic index and promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus.

Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy and Metformin Improve Bone Loss in Obese Mice With Periodontitis by Modulating the Gut Microbiota.

Periodontitis and obesity are chronic inflammatory diseases associated with osteoporosis. Controlling inflammation is crucial for managing periodontitis in individuals with obesity. Metformin has shown potent anti-inflammatory effects under inflammatory conditions.

Impact of intestinal bacteria on biofilm formation, motility, virulence, and gene expression in .

, a foodborne pathogen, is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. In contrast, non-pathogenic is a common commensal bacterium residing in the human gut. Despite their co-occurrence during infection, the interaction between these two species remains poorly understood.

An Asynchronous-Regulated Nanosheet Cascade Amplifies Sonodynamic-Triggered Self-Enhanced DNA Damage for Intensive Tumor Immunotherapy.

DNA damage can potentially trigger innate immune responses, providing a feasible way for immunotherapies to target "cold" tumors (T cell-deprived). However, DNA damage resistance and immunosuppression severely compromise tumor therapeutic efficacy. We therefore developed an ultrasound-activatd and asynronous-regulated nansheet (ECHO).