Atomic-level characterization of crystal defects in a polycrystalline silicon-diamond structure.

Electronic-grade polycrystalline silicon of large size holds a crucial position in the semiconductor industry due to its extensive application prospects. This study aims to fill the gap in the atomic-level characterization of crystal defects within polycrystalline silicon. By employing focused ion beam technology for sample preparation and combining advanced scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction technology with aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, we have uncovered that the silicon core of the polycrystalline silicon exhibits a single crystal structure and dense twinning within the polycrystalline matrix.

A comparison of ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block and epidural anesthesia for postoperative recovery in elderly individuals following laparoscopic gastrectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Erector spinae plane block (EspB) is increasingly being applied for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy as an analgesic supplement to general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and postoperative recovery outcomes of EspB and epidural anesthesia (EDA) in elderly patients (above 65 years-of-age) undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy in order to determine the precise multimodal analgesia (PMA) that promotes postoperative recovery.

Methods: In total, 102 patients assigned for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy were classified into three groups: preoperative bilateral EspB with general anesthesia, EDA with general anesthesia, and general anesthesia alone.

The Effects of (Dis)similarities Between the Creator and the Assessor on Assessing Creativity: A Comparison of Humans and LLMs.

Current research predominantly involves human subjects to evaluate AI creativity. In this explorative study, we questioned the validity of this practice and examined how creator-assessor (dis)similarity-namely to what extent the creator and the assessor were alike-along two dimensions of culture (Western and English-speaking vs. Eastern and Chinese-speaking) and agency (human vs.

cGAS/STING signalling in macrophages aggravates obliterative bronchiolitis via an IFN-α-dependent mechanism after orthotopic tracheal transplantation in mice.

Background: Our previous findings have underscored the role of innate immunity in obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). However, despite the central importance of the cyclic GMP‒AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway in innate immune responses, its specific contribution to OB progression remains largely unexplored.

Methods: A murine orthotopic tracheal transplantation model was established to replicate OB pathogenesis.

Discovery of a deuterated TNF-α small molecule modulator for potential treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is an important target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Targeting TNF-α inhibition, such as antibody drug infliximab and adalimumab, has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for managing the most difficult-to-treat chronic ulcerative colitis (UC). So far, there are no small molecule TNF-α inhibitors available on the market for the treatment of UC.

Comparison of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopic localization and computed tomographic imaging-guided methylene blue localization in the resection of pulmonary nodules: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Accurate localization of small-to-medium pulmonary nodules before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is essential for success. Traditional imaging methods face challenges in the thoracic cavity. This study compares electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopic (ENB), computed tomography (CT)-guided localization effectiveness and safety with methylene blue marker dye.

Matrix plainification leads to high thermoelectric performance in plastic CuSe/SnSe composites.

Thermoelectric technology exhibits significant potential for power generation and electronic cooling. In this study, we report the achievement of exceptional thermoelectric performance and high plasticity in stable CuSe/SnSe composites. A novel matrix plainification strategy was employed to eliminate lattice vacancies within the CuSe matrix of the CuSe/SnSe composites, resulting in a marked improvement in carrier mobility and power factor.

Low-Threshold and Ultrastable Amplified Spontaneous Emission from CsPbBr@Glass via Glass Network Modulation.

Inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dot (QD)-embedded glasses with exceptional optical properties and stability are promising optical gain media for laser applications, but their amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) typically occurs at high pumping thresholds. Here, we report a glass network modulation strategy for low-threshold ASE from CsPbBr@glass. By adding ZrO to enhance the glass network polymerization, high-quality and compact growth of QDs inside glass is promoted rather than uncontrolled self-crystallization.

An Embedding-Based Semantic Analysis Approach: A Preliminary Study on Redundancy Detection in Psychological Concepts Operationalized by Scales.

As psychological research progresses, the issue of concept overlap becomes increasing evident, adding to participant burden and complicating data interpretation. This study introduces an Embedding-based Semantic Analysis Approach (ESAA) for detecting redundancy in psychological concepts, which are operationalized through their respective scales, using natural language processing techniques. The ESAA utilizes OpenAI's text-embedding-3-large model to generate high-dimensional semantic vectors (i.

Moral Believer or Moral Problem-Solver? Moral Pragmatism Fosters Tolerance Without Impeding Moral Behavior.

Many previous studies in moral psychology have described people as moral believers, who treat morality as universal sacred beliefs and show moral outrage and social exclusion toward people with different opinions. At the same time, moral relativism tends to make people more tolerant but also makes them question their own beliefs and leads to more immoral behavior. We propose moral pragmatism as an alternative, which treats morality as a tool for solving specific problems, thus making morality situational instead of universal, practical instead of sacred, and tolerant instead of exclusive.

Effects of self-compassion on aggression and its psychological mechanism through perceived stress.

Given the increasing global concerns about aggressive behaviors and the pressing need for effective psychological interventions, this study delves into the potential of a concept deeply rooted in positive and Buddhist psychology but largely researched in Western contexts, as a mitigating factor against aggression in Chinese adults. Through three core studies involving 652 participants (age: 30.52±8.

Structure of phosphorylated-like RssB, the adaptor delivering σ to the ClpXP proteolytic machinery, reveals an interface switch for activation.

In enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli, the general stress response is mediated by σ, the stationary phase dissociable promoter specificity subunit of RNA polymerase. σ is degraded by ClpXP during active growth in a process dependent on the RssB adaptor, which is thought to be stimulated by the phosphorylation of a conserved aspartate in its N-terminal receiver domain. Here we present the crystal structure of full-length RssB bound to a beryllofluoride phosphomimic.

Effects of Robot Animacy and Emotional Expressions on Perspective-Taking Abilities: A Comparative Study across Age Groups.

The global population is inevitably aging due to increased life expectancy and declining birth rates, leading to an amplified demand for innovative social and healthcare services. One promising avenue is the introduction of companion robots. These robots are designed to provide physical assistance as well as emotional support and companionship, necessitating effective human-robot interaction (HRI).

G-CN sheet nanoarchitectonics with island-like crystalline/amorphous homojunctions towards efficient H and HO evolution.

Photocatalystic evolution of HO from water and oxygen has attracted significant attention because of environmentally friendly. The absorption in visible and hydrophilic feature of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) make it a good candidate. In this paper, a rapid post-treatment at high temperature was developed to obtain g-CN nanosheets with abundant crystalline/amorphous interfaces to form homojunctions, which optimized uniplanar carrier mobility dynamics.

Association between monocyte lymphocyte ratio and abdominal aortic calcification in US adults: A cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) and Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC) in adults over 40 years of age in the United States.

Methods: Data were collected from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). AAC was quantified by the Kauppila score system based on dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry.

The effects of the prognostic biomarker SAAL1 on cancer growth and its association with the immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Inhibition of Serum Amyloid A-like 1 (SAAL1) expression could inhibit cancer progression and improve the prognosis of cancer patients. At present, the correlation between SAAL1 and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study surveyed the worth and pathway of SAAL1 in LAC progression and immunity.

Multi Stimuli-Responsive Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Polymer Platform Based on Tetraphenylethylene-Appended Maleic Anhydride Terpolymers.

Multi stimuli-responsive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active polymers have great application prospects in high-tech innovations. Herein, three types of tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-containing monomers were synthesized and utilized in preparing TPE-appended maleic anhydride terpolymers. After hydrolysis, the produced TPE-appended maleic acid terpolymers have identical linear charge densities but different "primary" structures, which created widely varied microenvironments around the carboxylate and TPE groups.

Downregulation of T-cell cytotoxic marker IL18R1 promotes cancer proliferation and migration and is associated with dismal prognosis and immunity in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Immunotherapy can improve the survival of patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). T cytotoxic cells are one of the main members of the immune microenvironment. Herein, we aimed to identify the roles of T-cell cytotoxic markers interleukin 18 (IL18) receptor 1 (IL18R1) in the LUSC progression using bioinformatics, clinical tissue specimen, and cell experiment.

A positive feedback loop of heparanase/syndecan1/nerve growth factor regulates cancer pain progression.

Background: The purpose of this research was to assess the role of heparanase (HPSE)/syndecan1 (SDC1)/nerve growth factor (NGF) on cancer pain from melanoma.

Methods: The influence of HPSE on the biological function of melanoma cells and cancer pain in a mouse model was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze HPSE and SDC1.

TRAT1 overexpression delays cancer progression and is associated with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma.

The roles and mechanisms of T-cell receptor (TCR)-associated transmembrane adaptor 1 (TRAT1) in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) have not yet been reported in the relevant literature. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the roles and mechanisms of TRAT1 in LAC using bioinformatics and experiments. TRAT1 expression levels in LAC samples were analysed using various databases.

The Roles and Mechanisms of TRAT1 in the Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective: T cell receptor-associated transmembrane adaptor 1 (TRAT1) is one of the hub genes regulating T cell receptors (TCRs). Herein, the roles of TRAT1 in the prognosis and immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were investigated.

Methods: The expression and prognosis values of TRAT1 in NSCLC, and the relationship between TRAT1 expression levels and cancer immune cell infiltration was identified via the TIMER, UALCAN, TISIDB, and other databases.

Free volume dependence of the dielectric constant of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposite films.

The free volume effects on the dielectric properties of the polymer are ambiguous, and the quantitative effect of free volume on the dielectric properties has rarely been systematically studied, especially in the high-elastic state dipolar (HESD) polymer. In this work, the free volume of dipolar poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is regulated by the addition of AlO, which greatly increase the size of free volume holes. Then the effect of free volume on the dielectric properties of PVDF/AlO composites is discussed.

Optimizing nanostructures to achieve enhanced breakdown strength and improved energy storage performances in dipolar polymers.

Polymer dielectrics have attracted ever-increasing attention for electrical energy storage applications in recent years. Typically, polymer-based nanocomposite films are adopted to obtain polymer dielectrics with high energy density but sometime suffer from the inhomogeneous distribution of fillers. In this work, enhanced breakdown strength, suppressed dielectric loss and improved energy storage performances of PVDF film are concurrently achieved the regulation of the sub-nano free volume, without introduction of any kinds of fillers and also minimizing the uneven distribution of the local electric field.

Clinical Roles of Risk Model Based on Differentially Expressed Genes in Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Prognosis and Immunity of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important regulatory role in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the TME might contribute to the occurrence and development of cancer. This study evaluates the role of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MSCs and the development of NSCLC and develops a prognostic risk model to assess the therapeutic responses.