Enhanced diagnostic performance of WE-SHARP-DWI compared with SPAIR-DWI for focal liver lesion evaluation at 3T.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of 2 fat suppression techniques in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for detecting and assessing focal liver lesions (FLLs): water excitation spectral heterogeneity adaptive radiofrequency pulses (WE-SHARP) and conventional spectral adiabatic inversion recovery (SPAIR).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study enrolled eligible participants between October 2023 and August 2024. Various DWI techniques at 3T, SPAIR-DWI, WE-SHARP-DWI, and WE-SHARP-DWI with correction algorithms (WE-SHARP-DWI*), acquired at b values of 50, 400, 800, and 1200 s/mm², were used to evaluate FLLs.

Cardiac wasting is not cardiac cachexia: the problem of the subjective/objective genitive in matters of the heart.

Tessitore, Costelli et al. were among the first to report a previously unnoticed loss of heart mass in cachectic mice suffering from a severe tumor burden. At the time both the general consensus definition of cachexia and the cancer cachexia classification did not exist.

Prevalence of head and face actinic keratosis among older community residents aged ≥60 years in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK), as a key indicator of skin cancer risk, is vital for understanding the skin health status of the elderly population. However, the epidemiological data on the prevalence of AK among community residents in Shanghai remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AK in older Shanghai residents and explore the associated factors.

Qsox1 contributes to vascular remodelling in response to hypertension.

Introduction: QSOX1, a sulfhydryl oxidase involved in arterial remodelling, has recently emerged as a biomarker for preeclampsia and acute heart failure. This study sought the cardiovascular roles of Qsox1 in response to angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

Methods: With approval from an Animal Ethics Committee (CNREEA#9), two models were developed: Qsox1-invalidated adult male mice (Qsox1-/-) mice (C57BL/6J background) and a tamoxifen-inducible, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)-specific Qsox1 knockout.

Hepatitis B virus core/capsid protein induces hepatocellular carcinoma progression via long non-coding RNA KCNQ1OT1/miR-335-5p/CDC7 axis.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in various malignancies. However, the mechanisms by which lncRNA influences HCC remain unclear.

Integrated phenotypic and transcriptomic characterization of desmin-related cardiomyopathy in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and machine learning-based classification of disease features.

Desmin-related diseases are characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory dysfunction due to mutations in the desmin gene (DES), which encodes a protein essential for muscle cell integrity. This study investigates the effects of a pathogenic desmin mutation (DES) in human cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) obtained from a patient carrying the DES mutation, compared to cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs of three healthy donors. To further validate our findings a genome edited cell line has been obtained following the insertion of the mutation in a control hiPSC line.

Application of virtual monochromatic images in bone mineral density measurements: a phantom study.

Quantitative CT (QCT) measures bone mineral density (BMD), but beam hardening effect can cause errors and instability in BMD measurements. The purpose of this phantom study is to explore whether the application of virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) in QCT can reduce the measurement error of BMD, and determine the VMI levels that can minimize the error with different radiation doses and regions of interest (ROI) sizes. Utilizing a spine phantom with established hydroxyapatite concentrations, we performed scans with a CT scanner employing rapid tube voltage switching in both single-energy and dual-energy modes.

Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Gravity-Loaded Human Spine.

Accurate analysis of spinal alignment under gravity-loaded conditions is essential for diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal disorders such as scoliosis and degenerative disc disease. Traditional imaging techniques, such as 2D radiographs and supine CT or MRI, do not capture the full 3D geometry of the spine in a load-bearing state. Weight-bearing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides high-resolution, 3D images in a standing position, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of spinal alignment.

Prospective quality control in chest radiography based on the reconstructed 3D human body.

Chest radiography requires effective quality control (QC) to reduce high retake rates. However, existing QC measures are all retrospective and implemented after exposure, often necessitating retakes when image quality fails to meet standards and thereby increasing radiation exposure to patients. To address this issue, we proposed a 3D human body (3D-HB) reconstruction algorithm to realize prospective QC.

Distinct morphometric features of cardiomyocytes isolated from mouse hypertrophy models: An ImageJ analysis combined with machine learning algorithms.

This study aims at defining a standardized workflow based on a customized ImageJ macro combined with a machine-learning algorithm to analyze morphometric features of isolated cardiomyocytes using high-resolution/high-content photomicrographs and to identify key and specific morphological features of cardiomyocytes isolated from various murine cardiac hypertrophy models. For that purpose, we set up and optimized a Langendorff based protocol for isolating cardiomyocytes from mouse hearts. This optimized protocol yielded in a significantly high number of formaldehyde-fixed cardiomyocytes, with more than 97% of rod shaped cells.

Parallel comparative studies on composition-dependent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of ultrasmall ferrite nanoparticles.

Ferrite nanoparticles, known for their enzyme-like catalytic activity, have gained significant attention as innovative nanozymes for various catalysis medicine applications. However, the relationship between catalytic activity and ultrasmall ferrite nanoparticle composition remains unclear, which hinders the development of ferrite-based nanozymes with high catalytic performance. Here, we have synthesized a series of ultrasmall ferrite nanozymes for studying their composition dependent peroxidase (POD)-like activity.

Accelerated MRI in temporomandibular joints using AI-assisted compressed sensing technique: a feasibility study.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of accelerated MRI with artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technique in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and compare its performance with parallel imaging (PI) protocol and standard (STD) protocol.

Materials And Methods: Participants with TMJ-related symptoms were prospectively enrolled from April 2023 to May 2024, and underwent bilateral TMJ imaging examinations using ACS protocol (6:08 min), PI protocol (10:57 min), and STD protocol (13:28 min). Overall image quality and visibility of TMJ relevant structures were qualitatively evaluated by a 4-point Likert scale.

Recent advances and educational strategies in diagnostic imaging for temporomandibular disorders: a narrative literature review.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of orofacial conditions characterized by pain and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning. However, educational content on TMD imaging in medical and dental curricula has lagged behind recent technological advances.

Evaluation of high-resolution pituitary dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using deep learning-based compressed sensing and super-resolution reconstruction.

Objective: This study aims to assess diagnostic performance of high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with deep learning-based compressed sensing and super-resolution (DLCS-SR) reconstruction for identifying microadenomas.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 126 participants with suspected pituitary microadenomas who underwent DCE MRI between June 2023 and January 2024. Four image groups were derived from single-scan DCE MRI, which included 1.

Diosmetin alleviates AFB1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis via PI3K/AKT pathway in mice.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a prevalent agricultural mycotoxin, represents a serious health hazard to humans and animals owing to its toxic effects. Diosmetin (DIOS), a naturally occurring flavonoid, has demonstrated potential hepatoprotective properties. This research seeks to investigate the mechanisms by which DIOS mitigates AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

[Deep Learning Reconstruction Algorithm Combined With Smart Metal Artifact Reduction Technique Improves Image Quality of Upper Abdominal CT in Critically Ill Patients].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of deep learning reconstruction algorithm combined with smart metal artifact reduction (DLMAR) on the quality of abdominal CT images in critically ill patients who are unable to raise their arms and require electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring.

Methods: A total of 102 patients were retrospectively enrolled. All subjects were critically ill patients who were unable to raise their arms and required ECG monitoring.

From actinic keratosis to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: the key pathogenesis and treatments.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer, among which 82% arise from actinic keratosis (AK) characterized by lesions of epidermal keratinocyte dysplasia. It is of great significance to uncover the progression mechanisms from AK to cSCC, which will facilitate the early therapeutic intervention of AK before malignant transformation. Thus, more and more studies are trying to ascertain the potential transformation mechanisms through multi-omics, including genetics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics.

Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates DON-induced liver injury via suppressing ferroptosis in mice.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a water-soluble derivative of chitin, has been recognized for its diverse biological properties. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prevalent mycotoxin, causing extreme liver damage. However, the mechanism whereby COS alleviates DON-induced liver injury remains unclear.

Diagnostic performance of simultaneous multislice diffusion-weighted imaging in differentiating breast lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic performance of simultaneous multislice diffusion-weighted imaging (SMS-DWI) in differentiating malignant and benign breast lesions, and compare it with conventional single shot and readout segmented echo planar imaging without the SMS technique.

Methods: The literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify comparative studies reporting the diagnostic performance of SMS-DWI and conventional DWI in patients with breast lesions. Histopathological analysis was used as a reference standard for malignant breast lesions.

Myocardial involvement in end-stage renal disease patients with anemia as assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance native T1 mapping: An observational study.

Cardiovascular disease has become to the main cause of death in the patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and anemia is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients. This study aimed to explore the impact of anemia on myocardial fibrosis using T1 mapping technique in patients with ESRD. A total of 128 subjects including 98 ESRD patients (65 with anemia, 33 without anemia) and 30 normal controls were enrolled.

Application of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) Multi-Echo iN Steady-state Acquisition sequences in preoperative evaluation of lumbar disc herniation: a prospective study.

Background: Conventional spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cannot provide accurate diagnosis and surgical planning; thin-layer scanning can enhance the diagnostic efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the value of 3-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) in preoperative evaluation of lumbar disc herniation, with a focus on the application of Multi-Echo iN Steady-state Acquisition (MENSA) sequence.

Methods: A total of 51 patients who underwent lumbar disc herniation surgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2021 to December 2021 were prospectively enrolled.

C-Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Three-Component Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction Catalyzed by Y(OTf).

As an important class of nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic compounds, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines often exhibit significant biological activities, such as analgesic, anticancer, antiosteoporosis, anxiolytic, etc. Using Y(OTf) as a Lewis acid catalyst, a simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of C-alkylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through the three-component aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, aldehydes, and amines in the normal air atmosphere without the protection of inert gas and special requirements for anhydrous and anaerobic conditions. A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields, and their structures were confirmed by H NMR, C NMR, and HRMS.