Precisely Regulating the Graphitic Layers of Hard Carbon via Oxygen Release to Elucidate the Formation Mechanism of Closed Pores.

Hard carbon (HC), recognized as the most promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), exhibits multiple forms of sodium storage (adsorption on graphitic layers, insertion between graphitic sheets, and filling in closed pores). Low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and low plateau region capacity are the main issues with HC, and it is necessary to understand the evolution laws of graphitic layers and closed pores. Here, we regulate the structure of graphitic layers by deliberately changing the oxygen content in HC materials and reveal the mechanism of formation of closed pores.

Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Preventing Atrial Fibrillation After Esophagectomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication after esophagectomy and is associated with adverse outcomes. This study investigated whether preoperative stellate ganglion block (SGB) could reduce the incidence of POAF and improve postoperative recovery.

Methods: In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing esophagectomy were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided right-sided SGB with 7 mL of either 0.

Wide-temperature NO removal enabled by synergistic atomically dispersed CeV dual sites: Activation of the rate-determining step.

Commercial V-W/TiO catalysts are extensively applied for NO emission control in coal-fired power plants. However, their limited operating temperature range and low active site utilisation significantly restrict NO removal efficiency, particularly during boiler load fluctuations. This study introduces atomically dispersed Ce-V/TiO catalysts synthesised using a dual-site coordination strategy, enhancing active site dispersion.

Early and Stable Mouse Model of Amphotericin B-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Application of Continuous Non-Invasive GFR Monitoring.

Background: Amphotericin B (AmB) remains a cornerstone in antifungal therapy, but its clinical use is limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Lipid-based formulations such as amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate complex dispersion (ABCD) were developed to mitigate renal injury, though their comparative renal safety profiles remain incompletely defined.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a pharmacologically relevant mouse model to characterise the nephrotoxicity of conventional AmB (AmB-D) and ABCD formulations, using continuous non-invasive glomerular filtration rate (GFR) monitoring and renal injury biomarkers.

Defective neutrophil-derived exosomes facilitate macrophage activation through miR-122-5p in Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a life-threatening systemic vasculitis characterized by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and macrophage activation. However, the interaction of PMN and macrophages remains elusive. To elucidate the potential dysregulation of BD PMN exosomes on macrophage activation, PMN exosomes from both BD patients and healthy controls are isolated, quantified and incubated with macrophages.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of 3D virtual imaging combined with intraoperative ultrasonography to guide liver staining in anatomic segmental hepatectomy.

Identification of a tumor-bearing portal territory using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging (IGFI) facilitates precise laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy (LAH). However, it is technically challenging to perform a transhepatic portal injection of ICG or to clamp the target portal pedicle and inject ICG during LAH. Herein, we aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of portal territory identification using IGFI under the combined guidance of three-dimensional (3D) virtual imaging and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) in LAH.

Galvanic-Cell-Based Self-Powered Bioelectronic Devices.

Bioelectronic devices hold significant promise for advancing biomedical technologies, addressing critical healthcare challenges, and improving the quality of human life. Conventional bioelectronic devices are typically powered by external, bulky batteries connected by extended electrical wires, which limit the compactness and miniaturization of bioelectronics, restrict patient mobility, and increase the risk of complications such as infections and device-related failures. This perspective discusses the emerging concept of galvanic-cell-based self-powered bioelectronic devices, in which galvanic electrodes serve directly as the tissue-contacting interfaces.

The effect of yeaZ on formation and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Salmonella enteritidis serovar enteritidis.

The presence of Salmonella species cells in the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state has been extensively confirmed in both aqueous environments and food systems, posing a significant and often underestimated threat to public health. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the formation and resuscitation of VBNC Salmonella remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate the functions of yeaZ in regulating the formation and resuscitation of VBNC Salmonella enteritidis.

Med3DVLM: An Efficient Vision-Language Model for 3D Medical Image Analysis.

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown promise in 2D medical image analysis, but extending them to 3D remains challenging due to the high computational demands of volumetric data and the difficulty of aligning 3D spatial features with clinical text. We present Med3DVLM, a 3D VLM designed to address these challenges through three key innovations: (1) DCFormer, an efficient encoder that uses decomposed 3D convolutions to capture fine-grained spatial features at scale; (2) SigLIP, a contrastive learning strategy with pairwise sigmoid loss that improves image-text alignment without relying on large negative batches; and (3) a dual-stream MLP-Mixer projector that fuses low- and high-level image features with text embeddings for richer multi-modal representations. We evaluated our model on the M3D dataset, which includes radiology reports and VQA data for 120,084 3D medical images.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Alleviates Tourniquet-Induced Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Tourniquet-induced limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can cause significant skeletal muscle damage, yet the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this context remains poorly understood. In this study, a mouse model of hindlimb I/R injury was established by applying an orthodontic rubber band for 4 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. To investigate the involvement of ER stress and the therapeutic potential of sodium 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a clinically available ER stress inhibitor, mice were pretreated with 4-PBA (40 or 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) before ischemia.

The Radical -Adenosyl-l-methionine Enzyme HydE Forms an Fe(I)Fe(I) Dimer En Route to the [FeFe] Hydrogenase H-Cluster.

[FeFe] hydrogenases are highly efficient metalloenzymes that catalyze hydrogen conversion via a sophisticated active site cofactor known as the H-cluster. Biosynthesis of its [2Fe] subcluster, which contains CO, CN, and azadithiolate ligands, requires the action of several dedicated enzymes, including the radical -adenosyl-l-methionine (rSAM) enzyme HydE. HydE has been proposed to convert a mononuclear [Fe(II)(cysteinate)(CO)(CN)] precursor into a dimeric [Fe(SH)(CO)(CN)] complex, yet direct characterization of this product species has remained elusive.

Urinary 3-methylhistidine as a potential biomarker for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: multidimensional metabolomics analysis in mice and human.

Background: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is strongly associated with increased mortality in critical patients. The early detection of SA-AKI is crucial for clinical intervention. This study aims to integrate multiple metabolomics data related to SA-AKI to identify and validate novel metabolic markers.

Combined Bioinformatics Analyses and Immunohistochemical Validation Reveal the Prognostic Relevance and Immune-Related Role of CIITA in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer remains a major global health burden, necessitating improved prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the role of class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA), a master regulator of major histocompatibility complex class II(MHC-II) gene expression, in breast cancer. Although CIITA is well recognized for its role in antigen presentation in immune cells, its function in tumor immunity and prognosis remains underexplored.

Respiratory diseases and the gut microbiota: an updated review.

The gut microbiota constitutes a vital ecosystem within the human body playing a pivotal role in immune regulation and metabolic homeostasis. Emerging research underscores a sophisticated interplay between the gut and lungs, termed the "gut-lung axis." Gut microbes exert influence over pulmonary immunity and metabolism via immune mediators (e.

Postoperative rehabilitation of spaghetti wrist : A case report.

ObjectiveThis case report presents a comprehensive rehabilitation protocol and outcomes for zone 5 forearm injuries involving tendons and neurovascular structures. Phase-specific rehabilitation strategies were used to maximize functional recovery. The findings provide clinical guidance for managing this rare injury, offering insights into rehabilitation approaches and expected outcomes.

Blue light induces corneal epithelial damage by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Blue light (BL) emitted from light-emitting diodes in digital devices poses significant risks to corneal health, by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This research elucidates the function of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in BL-induced corneal epithelial damage. In vivo, continuous BL exposure delayed corneal wound healing, shorten tear film break up time, and exacerbated epithelial defect areas in mice.

Characteristics and associated cognitive indicators of decision-making decline over time in older people with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Impaired decision-making (DM) under uncertainty in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases financial vulnerability and suboptimal medical decision-making OBJECTIVE: This two-year longitudinal study characterized DM changes in MCI and identified modifiable cognitive correlates for functional preservation.

Methods: Fifty-two MCI and 49 cognitively normal (CN) participants underwent annual Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), modeled via Outcome-Representation Learning (ORL) to quantify reward/punishment learning rates (A/A), memory decay (K), and win/deck perseverance (β/β). Concurrent neuropsychological assessments measured six domains.

A reductive natural deep eutectic solvent based on citric acid and l-cysteine for extracting keratin from wool.

Keratin, a naturally occurring polymer material, is primarily derived from protein-based biomass such as hair, wool, and feathers. The development of sustainable dissolution technologies is critical for achieving the high-value applications of keratin-rich biomass. This study reports a reductive natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) system composed of citric acid (CA) and l-Cysteine (l-Cys) for efficiently extracting keratin from wool.

Informed consent competency assessment for brain-computer interface clinical research and application in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.

Background: Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is rapidly advancing in psychiatry. Informed consent competency (ICC) assessment among psychiatric patients is a pivotal concern in clinical research.

Aim: To analyze the assessment of ICC and form a framework with multi-dimensional elements involved in ICC of BCI clinical research among psychiatric disorders.

Systematically Revealing Quantitative Multi-Target Integrative Effects of Plants With Artificial Intelligence Method.

Many plants have multiple chemical components and multiple targets, and their potential effects on diseases are the integrative effects of multiple targets. How to systematically reveal the integrated multi-targets effect of plants on diseases is not only a challenge, but also an innovation. This study developed a novel research method based on artificial intelligence and took hawthorn as an example; a deep auto-encoding neural network model was used to encode the expression levels of multiple common targets between hawthorn and atherosclerosis in each cell of the single-cell transcriptome of atherosclerotic perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as an integrated value (MTIS).

BCKDK accelerates the progression of diabetic kidney disease by regulating leucine-mediated metabolic remodelling in renal tubular cells.

Aims/hypothesis: Kidney tubular cell injury is largely responsible for the pathophysiological features of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Increased leucine levels in individuals with DKD have been associated with the progression of diabetes to end-stage renal failure, yet a comprehensive understanding of leucine metabolism in kidney tubules during the progression of DKD is lacking.

Methods: Human kidney biopsies and mouse models were used to assess leucine metabolism during DKD progression.

In Situ Growth of 3D N-IrNiCoO Nanocomposite with Ultralow Ir Loading as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting.

Reasonably developing and designing bifunctional electrocatalysts with high activity is crucial for continuously obtaining hydrogen fuel during the overall water-splitting process. Earth-abundant spinel nickel cobaltite materials have been investigated as promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in alkaline solution. However, its insufficient performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) significantly restricts its applicability in integrated water-splitting systems.

From Flue Gas to Syngas: Composite Electrode Based on Ionic Liquid and Microporous Polymer for MEA-Based CO Electrolysis.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (ECOR) offers a promising pathway to convert CO into value-added products. While catalyst advances remain crucial, gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) architecture is equally vital in CO electrolyzer design. Most ECOR studies use pure CO feeds, whereas industrial sources like flue gas contain ∼15% CO, requiring costly purification.

Dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance fingerprinting (DCE-MRF): A new quantitative MRI method to reliably assess tumor vascular perfusion.

Purpose: The clinical utility of conventional DCE-MRI methods is limited by the use of conventional qualitative dynamic T-weighted images, resulting in poor reproducibility. This study presents the initial implementation of a new DCE-magnetic resonance fingerprinting (DCE-MRF) methodology to provide reproducible, quantitative assessments of tumor vascular perfusion.

Methods: The DCE-MRF acquisition combines multiple T preparations, highly undersampled spiral trajectories (R = 48), a low-rank reconstruction method, and low tip angles on a 9.

Flow Field Reconstruction and Prediction of Powder Fuel Transport Based on Scattering Images and Deep Learning.

This paper presents the flow field reconstruction and prediction of powder fuel transport systems based on representative feature extraction from scattering images using deep learning techniques. A laboratory-built powder fuel supply system was used to conduct scattering spectroscopy experiments on boron-based fuel under various flow rate conditions. Based on the acquired scattering images, a prediction and reconstruction method was developed using a deep network framework composed of a Stacked Autoencoder (SAE), a Backpropagation Neural Network (BP), and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model.