Urinary 3-methylhistidine as a potential biomarker for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: multidimensional metabolomics analysis in mice and human.

Background: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is strongly associated with increased mortality in critical patients. The early detection of SA-AKI is crucial for clinical intervention. This study aims to integrate multiple metabolomics data related to SA-AKI to identify and validate novel metabolic markers.

Functional potential and applications of Ureibacillus massiliensis based on whole-genome sequencing analysis.

Background: Ureibacillus massiliensis (U. massiliensis), a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the phylum Bacillota, has undergone two significant taxonomic revisions before being classified under the Ureibacillus. Although previous studies have highlighted its promising applications in industrial production and environmental remediation, the lack of genomic information has limited the research on its functional mechanisms and industrial development.

Recent advances of the respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly, despite the lack of specific therapeutic drugs for treating RSV infection. This review summarizes recent structural advances in RSV drug discovery, particularly the co-crystal structures of the viral fusion (F) protein and RNA polymerase with inhibitors. By highlighting their significance in rational structure-based drug design, we hope to provide valuable insights for the development of next-generation RSV therapeutics via structure-based approaches.

Structure-Based Drug Design Yields Diarylpyrimidine Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) resistance severely compromises the efficacy of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). This study developed novel DAPY-derived NNRTIs via a structure-based drug design strategy with as the lead. All designed compounds demonstrate potent antiviral activity against the HIV-1 wild-type (WT) strain (EC = 3.

Revealing the spatial heterogeneity of the gut microbiota of red-feather ducks and their interaction with environmental microorganisms.

Ducks are one of important economic waterfowl species, and their gastrointestinal microbiota play crucial roles in nutrient metabolism, immune regulation, and host health maintenance. In this study, we collect 436 gastrointestinal content samples from red-feather ducks, including samples from the glandular stomach, muscular stomach, duodenum, ileum and cecum, as well as 10 environmental samples (water and soil). We then employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the gastrointestinal microbial communities of ducks and their interactions with environmental microbes from soil and water.

Safety and Immunogenicity of a New Rotavirus-Inactivated Vaccine in the Chinese Adolescent Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase I Clinical Trial.

Background: We performed a phase I experiment in a healthy teenage population in Sui County, Henan Province, China. The trial was randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled.

Methods: Ninety-six adolescents were randomly assigned in three groups (high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose) to receive a dose of the vaccine or the placebo.

Unraveling the genetic traits and functional diversity of the pan-genome in Pantoea dispersa.

Background: Medical devices are crucial in modern healthcare, but commonly used clinical tools such as cotton swabs can be easily contaminated by microorganisms (such as Pantoea), becoming vectors for pathogens and leading to patient infections or more severe outcomes. Despite the dual nature of the Pantoea that has garnered significant attention, research investigating Pantoea dispersa (P. dispersa) remains limited.

Lnc-DARVR/miR-365-1-5p/LAMB1 axis regulates rotavirus replication via the complement C3 pathway.

Unlabelled: Antiviral effectors and cytokines are critical components of host innate immunity. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing the roles of these molecules in host-virus interactions are still unclear. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as key players in various biological processes, their involvement in the complement system of host antiviral defenses remains to be explored.

Unsupervised representation learning of Kohn-Sham states and consequences for downstream predictions of many-body effects.

Representation learning for the electronic structure problem is a major challenge of machine learning in computational condensed matter and materials physics. Within quantum mechanical first principles approaches, density functional theory (DFT) is the preeminent tool for understanding electronic structure, and the high-dimensional DFT wavefunctions serve as building blocks for downstream calculations of correlated many-body excitations and related physical observables. Here, we use variational autoencoders (VAE) for the unsupervised learning of DFT wavefunctions and show that these wavefunctions lie in a low-dimensional manifold within latent space.

The utilization of N-acetylgalactosamine and its effect on the metabolism of amino acids in Erysipelotrichaceae strain.

Background: The metabolism of gut microbiota produces bioactive metabolites that modulate host physiology and promote self-growth. Erysipelotrichaceae is one of the most common anaerobic microorganism families in the gut, which has been discovered to play a vital role in host metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases. Our previous study found that N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) in caecal content of pigs significantly affected the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae strains.

Effects of Rotavirus NSP4 on the Immune Response and Protection of Rotavirus-Norovirus Recombinant Subunit Vaccines in Different Immune Pathways.

Diarrheal disease continues to be a major cause of global morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. To address the current issues associated with oral attenuated rotavirus vaccines, the study of parenteral rotavirus vaccines has promising prospects. In our previous study, we reported that rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) did not increase the IgG antibody titer of co-immune antigen but did have a protective effect against diarrhea via the intramuscular injection method.

Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel mutation of the ALMS1 gene in a Chinese family with Alström syndrome: a case report.

Background: Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that leads to multiple organ fibrosis and failure. Precise diagnosis from the clinical symptoms is challenging due to its highly variabilities and its frequent confusion with other ciliopathies and genetic diseases. Currently, mutations in the ALMS1 gene have been reported as a major cause of AS, thus, it is crucial to focus on the detection and discovery of ALMS1 mutations.

Pesticide application behavior in green tea cultivation and risk assessment of tea products: a case study of Rizhao green tea.

Previous research on pesticides in green tea mainly focused on detection technology but lacked insights into pesticide use during cultivation. To address this gap, a survey was conducted among Rizhao green tea farmers. The survey results showed that most tea farmers were approximately 60 years old and managed small, scattered tea gardens (< 0.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial of rotavirus inactivated vaccine (Vero cell) in a healthy adult population aged 18-49 years to assess safety and preliminary observation of immunogenicity.

We conducted a phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial including healthy adults in Sui County, Henan Province, China. Ninety-six adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups (high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose) at a 3:1 ratio to receive one vaccine dose or placebo. Adverse events up to 28 days after each dose and serious adverse events up to 6 months after all doses were reported.

ML241 Antagonizes ERK 1/2 Activation and Inhibits Rotavirus Proliferation.

Rotavirus (RV) is the main pathogen that causes severe diarrhea in infants and children under 5 years of age. No specific antiviral therapies or licensed anti-rotavirus drugs are available. It is crucial to develop effective and low-toxicity anti-rotavirus small-molecule drugs that act on novel host targets.

Photochemical Degradation of the New Nicotine Pesticide Acetamiprid in Water.

Acetamiprid is a novel nicotinic pesticide widely used in modern agriculture because of its low toxicity and specific biological target properties. The objective of this study was to understand the photolysis pattern of acetamiprid in the water column and elucidate its degradation products and mechanism. It was observed that acetamiprid exhibited different photolysis rates under different light source conditions in pure water, with ultraviolet > fluorescence > sunlight; furthermore, its photolysis half-life ranged from 17.

Optical spectroscopic detection of Schottky barrier height at a two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide/metal interface.

Atomically thin two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) have emerged as semiconductors for next-generation nanoelectronics. As 2D-TMD-based devices typically utilize metals as the contacts, it is crucial to understand the properties of the 2D-TMD/metal interface, including the characteristics of the Schottky barriers formed at the semiconductor-metal junction. Conventional methods for investigating the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at these interfaces predominantly rely on contact-based electrical measurements with complex gating structures.

Immunogenicity of inactivated rotavirus in rhesus monkey, and assessment of immunologic mechanisms.

Rotavirus is one of the main pathogens causing severe diarrhea in infants and young children < 5 years of age. The development of the next-generation rotavirus vaccine is of great significance for preventing rotavirus infection and reducing severe mortality. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) in rhesus monkeys.

Extensive identification of serum metabolites related to microbes in different gut locations and evaluating their associations with porcine fatness.

Gut microbiota plays important roles in host metabolism. Whether and how much the gut microbiota in different gut locations contributes to the variations of host serum metabolites are largely unknown, because it is difficult to obtain microbial samples from different gut locations on a large population scale. Here, we quantified the gut microbial compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for 1070 samples collected from the ileum, cecum and faeces of 544 F6 pigs from a mosaic pig population.

Impact of maternal and pre-existing antibodies on immunogenicity of inactivated rotavirus vaccines.

Rotavirus (RV) is a major pathogen causing severe diarrhea in infants and children aged less than 5 years. Vaccination is an economically feasible and effective strategy to prevent rotavirus infections. However, immune efficacy of live vaccines could be interfered by maternal antibodies and pre-existing antibodies of children.

Evaluation of a bivalent recombinant vaccine candidate targeting norovirus and rotavirus: Antibodies to rotavirus NSP4 exert antidiarrheal effects without virus neutralization.

We previously found that when tandemly expressed with S -VP8*, nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) of the rotavirus Wa strain exerts a minor effect on elevating the antibody responses targeting the rotavirus antigen VP8* of the 60-valent nanoparticle S -VP8* but could fully protect mice from diarrhea induced by the rotavirus strain Wa. In this study, we chose comparably less immunogenic norovirus 24-valent P particles with homogenous (i.e.

Extensive metagenomic analysis of the porcine gut resistome to identify indicators reflecting antimicrobial resistance.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been regarded as a major threat to global health. Pigs are considered an important source of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is still a lack of large-scale quantitative data on the distribution of ARGs in the pig production industry.

Vaccination of pregnant rhesus monkeys with inactivated rotavirus as a model for achieving protection from rotavirus SA11 infection in the offspring.

Live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine has shown low protection in underdeveloped or developing countries. However, the inactivated rotavirus vaccine may have the potential to overcome some of these challenges. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bivalent inactivated rotavirus vaccine by parenteral administration were elevated in a neonatal rhesus monkey model.

Deep Investigating the Changes of Gut Microbiome and Its Correlation With the Shifts of Host Serum Metabolome Around Parturition in Sows.

Parturition is a crucial event in the sow reproduction cycle, which accompanies by a series of physiological changes, including sex hormones, metabolism, and immunity. More and more studies have indicated the changes of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to parturition. However, what bacterial species and functional capacities of the gut microbiome are changed around parturition has been largely unknown, and the correlations between the changes of gut bacterial species and host metabolome were also uncovered.