A QS21+ CpG-Adjuvanted Rabies Virus G Subunit Vaccine Elicits Superior Humoral and Moderate Cellular Immunity.

Background: Rabies remains a fatal zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), posing substantial global health challenges. Current vaccine production faces challenges in manufacturing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The RABV glycoprotein (RABV-G) serves as the key antigen for eliciting protective immunity.

Insights into solidification mechanism of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in chromite ore processing residue via composite geopolymers synthesized from calcined red mud and granulated blast furnace slag.

Chromite ore processing residue (COPR), which contains soluble toxic Cr(Ⅵ), is a hazardous waste from chromium salts production process. The pre-reduced COPR was solidified using composite geopolymers synthesized from the calcined red mud (RM) and the granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). Results indicated that higher Na₂S doses reduced the compressive strength of cured specimens but significantly enhanced chromium immobilization efficiency.

A QS21 + CpG-Adjuvanted Trivalent HSV-2 Vaccine and Trivalent HSV-2 mRNA Vaccine Induce a Strong Immune Response, Protect Against HSV-2 Infection, and Cross-Protect Against HSV-1 Infection in Mice.

Background: HSV-2 infection continues to be a significant global health concern, as there are no approved vaccines despite numerous attempts at development.

Methods: This study explored the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of aluminum- or QS21 + CpG-adjuvanted trivalent HSV-2 vaccines and a trivalent HSV-2 mRNA vaccine incorporating the gC2, gD2, and gE2 antigens.

Results: Our results demonstrated that the QS21 + CpG-adjuvanted subunit vaccine and mRNA vaccines successfully induced robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and provided significant protection against both HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection.

Automatic and precise identification of volatile organic compounds from gas chromatography in prolonged atmospheric monitoring.

Long-term continuous monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is pivotal for climate change research, air quality assessment, pollution source identification, and public health early warning systems. Prolonged VOC monitoring is routinely implemented by gas chromatographs. However, accurate identification of target contaminants heavily relies on time-consuming and error-prone manual processes conducted by professional personnel due to complex chromatograms and anomalous patterns.

Herpes simplex virus 1 fusion glycoprotein B H516P prefusion mutation had no effect on vaccine immunogenicity.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a prevalent virus worldwide that is capable of causing a range of diseases, including mucocutaneous lesions in oral and genital regions. More importantly, HSV can cause encephalitis or meningitis under rare circumstances. As a result of the complicated membrane fusion mechanism of HSV, there are still no licensed vaccines at present, although many HSV vaccines are in the clinical trial stage.

Immunogenicity Evaluation of Combination Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus mRNA Vaccines in C57BL/6J Mice.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) pose significant risks to the elderly and individuals with compromised immune systems. In this study, we investigated whether combining RSV and VZV vaccines could reduce the number of vaccination injections, thereby minimizing discomfort for elderly individuals and reducing manufacturing costs.

Methods: In this study, we developed two types of combined RSV and VZV mRNA vaccines.

Dietary Magnesium Intake Is Associated With Self-Reported Short Sleep Duration but Not Self-Reported Sleep Disorder.

Background: Sleep disturbances have become increasingly prevalent in modern society. Research suggests that a deficiency in magnesium (Mg) may contribute to sleep disturbances. This study aims to investigate the association between daily Mg intake and self-reported sleep duration and sleep disorders using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Quorum quenching inhibits the formation and electroactivity of electrogenic biofilm by weakening intracellular c-di-GMP and extracellular AHL-mediated signal communication.

Electrogenic biofilm formation has been shown to be induced by intracellular c-di-GMP signaling and extracellular quorum sensing, but their interactions have been rarely explored. This study explored the effects of quorum quenching (induced by adding acylase) on electrogenic biofilm development and its underlying mechanisms. Quorum quenching impaired the electricity generation and electroactivity of electrogenic biofilms as indicated by dye decolorization rate.

Effects of Rotavirus NSP4 on the Immune Response and Protection of Rotavirus-Norovirus Recombinant Subunit Vaccines in Different Immune Pathways.

Diarrheal disease continues to be a major cause of global morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. To address the current issues associated with oral attenuated rotavirus vaccines, the study of parenteral rotavirus vaccines has promising prospects. In our previous study, we reported that rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) did not increase the IgG antibody titer of co-immune antigen but did have a protective effect against diarrhea via the intramuscular injection method.

ShSPI Inhibits Thrombosis Formation and Ischemic Stroke In Vivo.

Thrombotic diseases, emerging as a global public health hazard with high mortality and disability rates, pose a significant threat to human health and longevity. Although current antithrombotic therapies are effective in treating these conditions, they often carry a substantial risk of bleeding, highlighting the urgent need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Recent evidence has increasingly pointed to a connection between elastase activity and thrombosis.

Effects of potassium-mediated electrical communication inhibition on nitrogen removal in microbial fuel cells.

Potassium ion signaling mediates microbial communication in electroactive biofilms within microbial fuel cells (MFCs), but its role in nitrogen removal remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of inhibiting potassium signaling on nitrogen removal in MFCs using tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) as an inhibitor. Results demonstrated that 5 mM and 10 mM TEA reduced the maximum power generation of MFCs from 77.

Flexible electronics for heavy metal ion detection in water: a comprehensive review.

Flexible electronics offer a versatile, rapid, cost-effective and portable solution to monitor water contamination, which poses serious threat to the environment and human health. This review paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the versatile platforms of flexible electronics in the context of heavy metal ion detection in water systems. The review overviews of the fundamental principles of heavy metal ion detection, surveys the state-of-the-art materials and fabrication techniques for flexible sensors, analyses key performance metrics and limitations, and discusses future opportunities and challenges.

Formation mechanism of persistent free radicals during pyrolysis of Fenton-conditioned sewage sludge: Influence of NOM and iron.

The present study provided an innovative insight into the formation mechanism of persistent free radicals (PFRs) during the pyrolysis of Fenton-conditioned sludge. Fenton conditioners simultaneously improve the dewatering performance of sewage sludge and catalyze the pyrolysis of sewage sludge for the formation of PFRs. In this process, PFRs with a total number of spins of 9.

Risk of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Following Preoperative Glucocorticoids Administration in Patients After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is one of the most serious complications in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Although glucocorticoids are increasingly used during PCNL, few studies have been concerned about the association between glucocorticoids and postoperative SIRS. The study aims to explore whether preoperative use of glucocorticoids is associated with SIRS after PCNL.

Targeting myeloma metabolism: How abnormal metabolism contributes to multiple myeloma progression and resistance to proteasome inhibitors.

Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy that has evolved from antibody-secreting B lymphocytes. Like other types of cancers, myeloma cells have acquired functional capabilities which are referred to as "Hallmarks of Cancer", and one of their most important features is the metabolic disorders. Due to the high secretory load of the MM cells, the first-line medicine proteasome inhibitors have found their pronounced effects in MM cells for blocking the degradation of misfolded proteins, leading to their accumulation in the ER and overwhelming ER stress.

A rabies mRNA vaccine with H270P mutation in its glycoprotein induces strong cellular and humoral immunity.

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that kills approximately 60,000 people each year. As the sole virion-surface protein, the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) mediates its host-cell entry. RABV-G's pre-fusion conformation displays major known neutralizing antibody epitopes, which can be used as immunogen for prophylaxis.

Peroxymonosulfate activation by trace iron(III) porphyrin for facile degradation of organic pollutants via nonradical oxidation.

Nonradical species with great resistance to interference have shown great advantages in complex wastewater treatment. Herein, a novel system constructed by biodegradable tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrinatoiron(III) (Fe-TCPP) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was proposed for facile decontamination. Nonradical pathway is observed in Fe-TCPP/PMS, where O and high-valent iron-oxo species play dominant roles.

Further characterization of -specific (memory) B cells induced in healthy volunteer recipients of SF2a-TT15, a 2a synthetic glycan-based vaccine candidate.

Shigellosis is common worldwide, and it causes significant morbidity and mortality mainly in young children in low- and middle- income countries. To date, there are not broadly available licensed vaccines. A novel type of conjugate vaccine candidate, SF2a-TT15, was developed against serotype 2a (SF2a).

Evaluation of the Immunological Efficacy of an LNP-mRNA Vaccine Prepared from Varicella Zoster Virus Glycoprotein gE with a Double-Mutated Carboxyl Terminus in Different Untranslated Regions in Mice.

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays a key role in the effectiveness of varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccines, and mRNA vaccines have an innate advantage in inducing CMI. Glycoprotein E (gE) has been used widely as an antigen for VZV vaccines, and carboxyl-terminal mutations of gE are associated with VZV titer and infectivity. In addition, the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA affect the stability and half-life of mRNA in the cell and are crucial for protein expression and antigenic translational efficiency.

Revealing the roles of chemical communication in restoring the formation and electroactivity of electrogenic biofilm under electrical signaling disruption.

Electrogenic biofilms in microbial electrochemical systems have played significant roles in simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy recovery owing to their unique extracellular electron transfer. Their formation has been shown to be regulated by electrical and chemical communication, but the interaction between these signal communication pathways has not been studied. This research investigated the coordination between intracellular c-di-GMP signaling and reinforced quorum sensing with or without exogenous HSL (a common quorum sensing molecule), on the formation of mixed-cultured electrogenic biofilm under electrical signaling disruption by tetraethylammonium (TEA, a broad-range potassium channel blocker).

Etomidate Improves the Antidepressant Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy by Suppressing Hippocampal Neuronal Ferroptosis via Upregulating BDNF/Nrf2.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) performed under general anesthesia is an effective treatment for severe depression. Etomidate is an intravenous anesthetic that shows beneficial effects on ECT. However, the potential mechanisms have rarely been reported.