Multi-segment models for kinetic analysis of women during pregnancy: A systematic review.

Background: During pregnancy, significant physiological, morphological, and hormonal changes profoundly affect women's biomechanics, increasing the risk of falls and musculoskeletal complaints, especially in the third trimester. To understand movement adaptations and musculoskeletal disorders in pregnant women, kinetic analysis using pregnant-specific multi-segment or musculoskeletal models is essential. This review aims to evaluate the development, applications and limitations of such models intended for kinetic analysis in pregnancy.

Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) family in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.): genome-wide identification, expression analysis and functional verification.

Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) catalyze both the final anabolic step and the initial catabolic step of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are pivotal for the formation of plant branched-chain volatiles (BCVs). However, the members of BCAT family in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) remain poorly characterized.

Discarded sericultural mulberry branch based triple layer composite phase change material with lignin enhanced thermal management capability.

With the exhaustion of fossil fuels, prior phase change materials are characterized by such drawbacks as poor thermal conductivity, weak shape stability, and high costs. Therefore, the preparation of phase change materials with brilliant thermal-insulating properties, high thermal conductivity, and leakage-free properties has emerged as a crucial research focus. Herein, a sericultural mulberry branch-derived (SMB) composite phase change material was prepared by deep eutectic solvent pretreated SMB and vacuum-assisted impregnated paraffin wax with cupric oxide (CuO).

Network pharmacology prediction and experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San against Acute Kidney Injury.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing worldwide health concern. Danggui Shaoyao San (DGSYS) was an frequently-used representative prescription to "promote blood and water and harmonize the body" in traditional Chinese medicine, and its underlying mechanism against AKI remains to be elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the protective effect and potential molecular mechanism of DGSYS in alleviating AKI by network pharmacology and experiment validation.

The role of USP36 in ribosome biogenesis and other pathophysiological processes.

Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are common forms of protein post-translational modifications that play crucial roles in the regulation of intracellular homeostasis. As a member of deubiquitination enzyme USP family, USP36 maintains the stability of substrate proteins by mediating their deubiquitination, thereby playing a significant role in various pathophysiological processes. Here we focus on discussing how USP36 participates in regulating ribosome biosynthesis and responds to ribotoxic stress response.

Brunodelphinine A alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating lipid metabolism via NOX4/SIRT1/PPARs axis.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver diseases and malignancies. However, there remains a scarcity of approved therapeutic interventions. Brunodelphinine A (BruA) is a diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from Delphinium brunonianum Royle.

Physics-informed neural network for hydraulic prediction in open-channel water transfer projects with sparse monitoring data.

Open-channel water transfer projects play a crucial role in addressing regional water supply-demand imbalances, and real-time, comprehensive, and accurate acquisition of their hydrodynamic spatiotemporal evolution is essential for ensuring safety and efficiency of water conveyance and optimizing scheduling strategies. While hydraulic monitoring systems and numerical simulations are potential solutions, the former struggles to balance the number of monitoring points with cost constraints to achieve comprehensive and economically feasible measurements, and the latter requires clear boundary conditions and key parameters that often pose challenges in practical scenarios. This paper presents a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN)-based method applied to predicting hydraulic transients in open channels, incorporating sparse monitoring data and physical laws.

Hydrophilicity-Driven Modulation of Amyloid-β(1-40) Fibrillation by Engineered Nanomaterials.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillation is a spontaneous, thermodynamic process governed by nucleation and elongation. While many studies have explored the ability of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to modulate Aβ fibrillation, such as inhibitors, promoters, and dual-modulators, the key physicochemical property of ENMs that determines this behavior remains unclear. In this study, we developed a comprehensive library of ENMs with well-controlled physicochemical properties, including surface charges, morphologies, and hydrophilicity, to systematically investigate their effects on Aβ40 fibrillation.

Ultrasound-Mediated Piezocatalysis Triggers NO Release to Augment Targeted Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy has shown clinical efficacy in various cancer types, its efficacy in pancreatic cancer remains limited. This limitation is primarily attributed to the dense stromal tumor microenvironment (TME) and highly immunosuppressive TME of pancreatic cancer. The dense stromal TME forms a physical barrier that severely hinders the penetration and accumulation of therapeutic agents and immune cells.

Association between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and psoriasis risk: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the association between the neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and the risk of psoriasis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the periods 2003-2006 and 2009-2014, including 21,723 adults aged ≥20 years. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between NHR and psoriasis, with stepwise adjustments for demographic, metabolic parameters, and comorbid factors.

Rational Design of Purely Inorganic Self-Healing Colloidal Hydrogels To Enable "Green" 3D Printing of Bioglass-Based Bone Substitutes.

3D printing of ceramics or glass typically requires sacrificial organic plasticizers and high-temperature sintering, which is time- and cost-consuming, potentially cytotoxic, and may compromise the bioactivity and functionality of the inorganic components. We herein developed purely inorganic self-healing colloidal gels, consisting of electrostatically attractive silica-based hard nanospheres, to enable 3D printing of highly strong inorganic constructs via additive-free and low temperature sintering (LTS) processing. Through cross-scale analysis of the structural and mechanical features, we quantitatively described the constitutive relationship of attractive colloidal gels based on the integration of colloidal assembly theory with experimental characterizations.

Cas9 senses CRISPR RNA abundance to regulate CRISPR spacer acquisition.

Prokaryotes create adaptive immune memories by acquiring foreign DNA snippets, known as spacers, into the CRISPR array. In type II CRISPR-Cas systems, the RNA-guided effector Cas9 also assists the acquisition machinery by selecting spacers from protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)-flanked DNA. Here, we uncover the first biological role for Cas9 that is independent of its dual RNA partners.

Nonhomogeneous mixing reduces disease prevalence.

Human movement and spatial heterogeneity shape the spatial distribution of infections. Factors such as physical condition, availability of medical resources, socioeconomic status, and exit-entry screening can lead to variations in movement rate and pattern (or called habitat connectivity in discrete diffusion and dispersal kernel in continuous diffusion) among people with different health states. While the effects of movement rate on disease spread have been extensively studied, the role of movement pattern remains less understood.

Inflammation awakens dormant cancer cells by modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic state.

The awakening of dormant disseminated cancer cells appears to be responsible for the clinical relapses of patients whose primary tumors have been successfully cured months and even years earlier. In the present study, we demonstrate that dormant breast cancer cells lodged in the lungs reside in a highly mesenchymal, nonproliferative phenotypic state. The awakening of these cells is not triggered by a cancer cell-autonomous process.

Epidemiology of Hypertension in Psoriasis: An Analysis of Trends from 2006 to 2023.

Background: Psoriasis and hypertension (HTN) are known to be closely related. However, at present, no study has systematically examined the epidemiology of this disease pattern on a global scale.

Methods: We examined six databases from their inception until November 1, 2023 and used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of observational studies.

China Expert consensus on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of infections in hematological disorders (2024).

Infections are frequent complications in patients with hematological disorders, and pathogen diagnosis remains challenging. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an unbiased high-throughput technology that has been widely applied in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, to date, there are no established international guidelines or expert consensuses regarding the use of mNGS to diagnose infections in patients with hematologic disorders.

Long-term survival with multidisciplinary treatment in metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Background: Sarcomatoid transformation in renal cell carcinoma, termed sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC), is associated with aggressive behavior and an unfavorable prognosis. The presence of sarcomatoid differentiation poses a therapeutic challenge due to limited response to existing systemic therapies; however, advances in drugs with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have improved response rates.

Case Description: We report the case of a middle-aged woman diagnosed with multiple metastatic SRCC, treated with a combination of pembrolizumab plus axitinib as first-line therapy, transarterial chemoembolization, and nephrectomy.

A case report of thyroid myofibroblastic sarcoma.

Rationale: High-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (HGMS) is a rare mesenchymal tumor with a high recurrence and metastatic rate. Few cases of high-grade myofibroblastic sarcomas have been reported. Herein, we report the first case of HGMS originating from the thyroid.

Deep learning-based histomorphological subtyping and risk stratification of small cell lung cancer from hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images.

Background: Accurate subtyping and risk stratification are imperative for prognostication and clinical decision-making in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, traditional molecular subtyping is resource-intensive and challenging to translate into clinical practice.

Methods: A total of 517 SCLC patients and their corresponding hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) from three independent medical institutions were analyzed.

Passive physical barrier modulates UVB-induced METosis-related MPO expression and activity, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase, and the shift of tissue-resident macrophages toward M1-associated iNOS.

Background: This study investigated the role of UVB radiation and the influence of a simulated passive barrier on the enzymatic conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) by 1-alpha hydroxylase and its effects on the functional activity of tissue-resident macrophages.

Methods: Murine peritoneal tissue-resident macrophages (PRMφs) were exposed to three conditions: (1) Baseline (Control group), with no light exposure; (2) UVB+/RF- group, exposed to UVB rays without passive barrier simulation; (3) UVB+/RF+ group, UVB exposure with a thin layer of rat fur to mimic the passive barrier on the skin.

Results: UVB exposure did not significantly alter 25OHD levels across groups but led to a marked downregulation of 1-alpha hydroxylase, particularly with the simulated barrier.

Targeting adipocyte differentiation with CRT0066101: activation of AMPK signaling in 3T3-L1 cells.

Introduction: Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation resulting from adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with adipocyte differentiation being a central process driving these changes.

Methods: The anti-adipogenic effects of CRT0066101 (CRT), a pan-protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor, were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Potential drug targets of CRT were predicted using network pharmacology analysis.

Paclitaxel neurotoxicity is triggered by epidermal EG5-dependent microtubule fasciculation and X-ROS formation.

Taxanes are frontline chemotherapeutics that stabilize microtubules, induce mitotic arrest, and drive tumor remission. However, their off-target effects in healthy tissues, most notably cutaneous axon degeneration underlying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), remain poorly understood. Here, we show that paclitaxel induces microtubule fasciculation in epidermal keratinocytes through the mitotic kinesin Eg5, thereby initiating CIPN.

FtsZ as a novel target for antibiotics development: Promises and challenges.

Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ), a protein essential for bacterial cell division, is highly conserved across bacterial species but absent in humans, positioning it as a strategic target for the development of antibiotics. Significant efforts to identify FtsZ inhibitors- biochemical assays (, GTPase activity) and cellular approaches (, immunofluorescence)-have yielded over 100 natural products and synthetic compounds, whose cheminformatics clustering underscores a limited chemical diversity among the current scaffolds. Structural studies, including X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, have resolved 97 FtsZ structures revealing conserved polymerization mechanisms and conformational plasticity, as exemplified by extremophile adaptations (, from the high-pressure environment of the Mariana Trench's Challenger Deep).

Immuno-protective cationic ginsenoside Rb1 vesicles for macrophage-mediated targeted therapy of inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory diseases (IDs), characterized by chronic inflammation, are linked to conditions such as bacterial and viral infections, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Current treatments offer only temporary relief, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can self-assemble into nanoparticles.