Immuno-protective cationic ginsenoside Rb1 vesicles for macrophage-mediated targeted therapy of inflammatory diseases.

Inflammatory diseases (IDs), characterized by chronic inflammation, are linked to conditions such as bacterial and viral infections, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Current treatments offer only temporary relief, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1), with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can self-assemble into nanoparticles.

Role of S-palmitoylation in digestive system diseases.

Digestive system diseases, including liver diseases, gastrointestinal cancers, and inflammatory bowel diseases, pose major health challenges worldwide. These conditions are influenced by a range of key metabolic signaling pathways, many of which are regulated by palmitoylation. Palmitoylation is a type of lipid modification catalyzed by DHHC palmitoyl S-acyltransferases (DHHC-PTAs) and depalmitoylases, which play critical roles in modulating protein localization, stability, and signal transduction.

Autophagy-associated ncRNAs in lung cancer: From drug resistance to therapeutic targets.

Lung cancer (LC) serves as the major cause of cancer-related deaths globally, predominated by high rates of drug resistance which accelerates the progression of the disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a category of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and cellular functions. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation and recycling process, is vital for sustaining cellular homeostasis and managing stress responses.

Computational high-throughput screening of high-performance transition metal CN single-atom electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Two-dimensional materials with active sites are expected to replace platinum as large-scale oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. CN as a novel 2D material demonstrates an excellent high pore ratio and structural tunability by embedding transition metal (TM) atoms into its periodic units to form TM-N4 subunits, exhibiting enormous catalytic potential in reactions such as the ORR. However, due to experimental cycles and traditional computational cost limitations, the ORR catalytic activity of TM-CN monolayers with varying central metal atoms remains insufficiently investigated, which severely hinders the development of this material.

Comprehensive Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain Gene Family in Rice: Evolution, Expression, and Stress Response.

In this study, the LBD (Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain) gene family, a group of plant-specific transcription factors critical for plant growth and development as well as metabolic regulation, was comprehensively characterized in rice. We identified 36 LBD genes using multi-source genomic data and systematically classified them into Class I (31 genes) and Class II (5 genes). Analysis of their physicochemical properties revealed significant variations in amino acid length, molecular weight, isoelectric points, and hydropathicity.

HEGM: Hierarchical Ensemble Generation Model for nuclear reaction cross sections generation.

Accurate and reliable nuclear reaction cross section data are crucial for nuclear reactor design, nuclear energy development, and nuclear safety assessments. Traditional methods for generating nuclear data face significant challenges, including high costs, long time frames, and incomplete coverage. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) offer new opportunities for nuclear data generation, but existing methods struggle with the scarcity of experimental data, limiting their ability to generate high-precision and broadly applicable cross section data.

Selenium Yeast Alleviates -Induced Endometritis in Goats Under High Cortisol Background.

During the postpartum period, domestic ruminants suffer elevated endogenous cortisol levels, which are associated with an increased risk of uterine infections. Selenium is a trace mineral nutrient with beneficial impacts on animals. The study aimed to investigate whether selenium yeast (SeY) could attenuate ()-induced endometrial injury in goats with high cortisol background.

Antibody-based surface plasmon resonance sensor platform for monitoring amikacin drug concentrations in human serum samples.

Amikacin (AMK) is a semisynthetic antibiotic used in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections and has a narrow therapeutic index. Individualized treatment of amikacin under the guidance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important to reduce the occurrence of toxicity and improve clinical efficacy. Current TDM techniques for AMK, such as chromatographic technology and immunoassay, are conducted in central labs using specialized equipment.

Study on the infection characteristics and pathogenesis of duck circovirus 1 in Cherry Valley meat ducks.

Duck circovirus (DuCV) infected multiple breeds of ducks and was widespread in duck factories worldwide. Infected ducks exhibited feathering disorder, growth retardation and immunosuppression, which lead to secondary infection with other pathogens easily. But till now, there has been little research on the study of DuCV due to the absence of appropriate cultural measures.

Deciphering Surface-Localized Structure of Nanodiamonds.

Nanomaterials, heralded as the "new materials of the 21st century" for their remarkable physical and chemical properties and broad application potential, have attracted substantial attention in recent years. Among these materials, which challenge traditional physical boundaries, nanodiamonds (NDs) are widely applied across diverse industries due to their exceptional surface multifunctionality and chemical stability. Nevertheless, atomic-level manipulation of NDs presents considerable challenges, which require detailed structural analysis to thoroughly elucidate their properties.

Dynamics of two feed forward genetic motifs in the presence of molecular noise.

Understanding the function of common motifs in gene regulatory networks is an important goal of systems biology. Feed forward loops (FFLs) are an example of such a motif. In FFLs, a gene (X) regulates another gene (Z) both directly and via an intermediary gene (Y).

Isorhamnetin in Quinoa Whole-Grain Flavonoids Intervenes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism through Regulation of FXR Expression.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe hepatic health threat with no effective treatment. Based on the results that Chenopodium quinoa Willd. flavonoids eluted with 30% ethanol (CQWF30) can effectively alleviate NAFLD, this study employed ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) to analyze the components of CQWF30.

Isolation and purification of flavonoids from quinoa whole grain and its inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the expression of CD36 and FASN.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic metabolic disorder marked by excessive lipid deposition, represents a considerable health burden with no established efficacious treatment strategy. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), valued for its health benefits, is replete with flavonoid bioactives.

Testing serial correlation in a general -factor model with possible infinite variance.

It is well-known that the presence of serial correlation may result in an inefficient or even biased estimation in time series analysis. In this paper, we consider testing serial correlation in a general -factor model when the model errors follow the GARCH process, which is frequently used in modeling financial data. Two empirical likelihood-based testing statistics are suggested as a way to deal with problems that might come up with infinite variance.

miR-29b-triggered epigenetic regulation of cardiotoxicity following exposure to deltamethrin in zebrafish.

Deltamethrin is a classical pyrethroid insecticide that is frequently detected in aquatic environments and organisms. Furthermore, deltamethrin has been detected in samples related to human health and is a potential risk to public health. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by deltamethrin.

Gastroprotective Effect of Isoferulic Acid Derived from Foxtail Millet Bran against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury by Enhancing GALNT2 Enzyme Activity.

Excessive alcohol consumption has led to the prevalence of gastrointestinal ailments. Alleviating gastric disorders attributed to alcohol-induced thinning of the mucus layer has centered on enhancing mucin secretion as a pivotal approach. In this study, foxtail millet bran polyphenol BPIS was divided into two components with MW < 200 D and MW > 200 D by molecular interception technology.

Development potential of selenium in the prevention and treatment of bovine endometritis.

Endometritis is a common postpartum disease in cows. It delays uterine involution and impairs normal physiological function. This can result in long-term or even lifelong infertility and cause significant losses to the dairy farming industry.

Role of gut microbiota in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: from pathogenesis to related interventions.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum and highly efficient anticancer agent, but its clinical implication is limited by lethal cardiotoxicity. Growing evidences have shown that alterations in intestinal microbial composition and function, namely dysbiosis, are closely linked to the progression of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) through regulating the gut-microbiota-heart (GMH) axis. The role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in DIC, however, is largely unelucidated.

Contribution of Immune Responses to the Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity of Deltamethrin in Early Life Stage Zebrafish ().

Deltamethrin (DM) is a widely used insecticide that has demonstrated developmental toxicity in the early life stages of fish. To better characterize the underlying mechanisms, embryos from Tg(cmlc2:RFP), Tg(apo14:GFP), and Tg(mpx:GFP) transgenic strains of zebrafish were exposed to nominal DM concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 25, and 50 μg/L until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf).

Mechanical behaviors of a new elliptical valve stent in bicuspid aortic valve.

Background And Objective: The conventional valve stents that are cylindrical in shape will become elliptical when implanted in bicuspid aortic valve, thereby reducing the durability of the artificial valve. In this study, a new design of valve stent is presented where valve stents have elliptical cross-section at the annulus and it is expected to have better expandability and circle shape during the interaction between the stent and bicuspid aortic valve, thereby extending the durability of artificial valve.

Methods: Finite element method (FEM) is used to study the mechanical behavior of the novel valve stent in the bicuspid aortic valve.

The effect of selenium on the proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells in a lipopolysaccharide-induced damage model.

Background: Endometritis is a common bovine postpartum disease. Rapid endometrial repair is beneficial for forming natural defense barriers and lets cows enter the next breeding cycle as soon as possible. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element closely related to growth and development in animals.