Effect of warm water soaking for raw rough rice on in vitro starch digestibility of cooked rice.

Background: The present study investigated the influence of mild heat treatment on harvested raw rough rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Toyomeki) by warm water soaking at 65 °C with respect to the physicochemical properties and starch digestibility of cooked rice.

Unexpected renal influence on isavuconazole trough concentrations: two case reports and literature review.

Isavuconazole (ISA) is a first-line treatment for invasive aspergillosis, with routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) typically deemed unnecessary. Although the drug label and prior studies suggest renal function does not affect ISA pharmacokinetics, our findings in two high-risk patients challenge this perspective, showing an inverse correlation between ISA trough concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Trough concentrations exceeding the reported toxicity threshold were associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells enhance perineurial cell proliferation and migration via the TGF-β/SMAD/HAS2 pathway.

Peripheral nerve defect repair is a complex process that involves multiple cell types; perineurial cells play a pivotal role. Hair follicle neural crest stem cells promote perineurial cell proliferation and migration via paracrine signaling; however, their clinical applications are limited by potential risks such as tumorigenesis and xenogeneic immune rejection, which are similar to the risks associated with other stem cell transplantations. The present study therefore focuses on small extracellular vesicles derived from hair follicle neural crest stem cells, which preserve the bioactive properties of the parent cells while avoiding the transplantation-associated risks.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and irinotecan guided by UGT1A1 status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: 5-year update of the CinClare trial.

Background: The optimal regimen and chemotherapy intensity are still under investigation for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The CinClare trial has demonstrated improved pathologic complete response (pCR) with the addition of irinotecan to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) guided by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genotype in LARC. Here, we report the 5-year follow-up outcomes of the CinClare study.

Association between sarcopenia and falls, fractures, hospital readmission, and all-cause mortality in older adults with endocrine disorders: a longitudinal study of aging in China.

Background: To explore whether older adults with sarcopenia are at greater risk for falls, fractures, hospital readmissions, and all-cause mortality compared to those without sarcopenia.

Methods: An elderly population discharged from June 2020 to January 2022 from the Department of Endocrinology of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital was collected. The cohort included patients with various endocrine disorders, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction (hypo- and hyperthyroidism), adrenal insufficiency, and metabolic syndrome.

Targeting HDAC8 sensitizes tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the elimination of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through degradation of HIF-1α.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) only partially inhibit the growth of Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph B-ALL) cells, and often lead to rapid relapse. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance and develop novel treatment strategies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are often dysregulated in hematological malignancies, and many HDAC inhibitors have shown potent antitumor activities.

Broad-spectrum antitumor analysis of the telomerase activity inhibitor TPCH derived from the human constitutively expressed protein LPTS/PinX1.

Background: The human liver-related putative tumor suppressor LPTS/PinX1 is a gene encoding a telomerase inhibitory protein. Overexpression of LPTS/PinX1 protein can inhibit the growth of multiple telomerase-positive cancer cell lines. LPTS/PinX1 has therapeutic potential for cancer.

Effect of Gene Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Outcomes of Rivaroxaban: State-of-the-Art Review.

Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that directly inhibits coagulation factor Xa and exerts its anticoagulant effects. Although rivaroxaban generally exhibits predictable pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles, significant interindividual variability in therapeutic responses exists. Research on the role of genetic factors in the clinical variability of rivaroxaban is relatively new and extensive.

Inhibition of protein kinase R suppresses HIV replication and integration in CD4 T cells.

Evaluation of CD4 T cell status in early HIV infection is critical for developing strategies targeting HIV replication. In this study, we infected CD4 T cells with HIV-1 and investigated the cell survival mechanisms in HIV-infected versus uninfected cells during early HIV infection. Notably, HIV-infected CD4 T cells exhibited elevated levels of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (p-eIF2α) compared to uninfected cells.

Targeting adipocyte differentiation with CRT0066101: activation of AMPK signaling in 3T3-L1 cells.

Introduction: Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation resulting from adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with adipocyte differentiation being a central process driving these changes.

Methods: The anti-adipogenic effects of CRT0066101 (CRT), a pan-protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor, were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Potential drug targets of CRT were predicted using network pharmacology analysis.

Therapeutic strategies in traditional Chinese medicine for premature ovarian failure: Modulation of oxidative stress and autophagy-apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Premature ovarian failure (POF), also referred to as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a multifactorial reproductive endocrine disorder characterized by amenorrhea, infertility, hypoestrogenism, and elevated gonadotropin levels before the age of 40. Emerging evidence links its pathogenesis to oxidative stress and dysregulation of the autophagy-apoptosis balance in ovarian cells. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impairs mitochondrial function in oocytes, while aberrant autophagy and granulosa cell apoptosis accelerate the depletion of primordial follicles.

Qingxie Fuzheng granules attenuate cancer cachexia by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis and suppressing IL-6/NF-κB signaling in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Cancer cachexia, a debilitating syndrome characterized by muscle wasting and systemic inflammation, remains a major unmet clinical need. Qingxie Fuzheng Granules (QFG), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, have shown promise in cancer therapy, but their role in cachexia management is unclear.Here, we investigated the anti-cachectic effects of QFG in a murine model of colon adenocarcinoma-induced cachexia.

Regulation of antiviral and antimicrobial innate immunity and immune evasion.

The interplay between host innate immunity and pathogen evasion is a dynamic battle shaping infection outcomes. The Topical Collection "Regulation of Antiviral and Antimicrobial Innate Immunity and Immune Evasion" synthesizes findings from thirteen recent studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of innate immune signaling and pathogen countermeasures. Host pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), drive type I interferon (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) responses, alongside processes like autophagy and inflammasome activation, to combat viral and bacterial infections.

Enhancing the efficacy of sonodynamic therapy through modulation of autophagy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a noninvasive treatment modality that combines low intensity ultrasound with sonosensitizers, has shown significant potential in the treatment of cancer and metabolic diseases. However, SDT induced autophagy plays a dual role in disease progression, as it can promote either cell survival or cell death, and its effects are highly dependent on cell type and pathological context. This complexity underscores the urgent need for regulation of autophagy to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of SDT.

Characterization of Lactococcus lactis ZB1 from traditional fermented bacon: Genomic insights and antifungal potential for food preservation.

Lactococcus lactis strains from traditional fermented foods are important sources of both probiotic candidates and natural biopreservatives. In this study, L. lactis ZB1, isolated from Zhenba bacon (Shaanxi, China), was comprehensively characterized for its genomic features and antifungal activity.

Drug Combination Recommendation Model for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) are two common autoimmune disorders for which the choice of drug regimen is clinically crucial. However, due to drug-drug interactions and individual differences, the therapeutic process faces greater risks. : In this study, we propose a drug recommendation model that combines drug combination frequency, risk assessment, and genetic interaction information with the aim of providing personalized, low-risk treatment options for patients with lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome.

Trifolirhizin improves the hyperproliferation and excessive inflammatory response in human HaCaT keratinocytes and ameliorates skin lesions in psoriasis-like mouse models.

Keratinocyte hyperproliferation and excessive inflammatory responses are associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. Trifolirhizin has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation effects. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of trifolirhizin in psoriasis-like skin lesions and its molecular mechanism.

Mediating role of social support between stigma and social alienation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Stigma is a prevalent issue with well-documented negative consequences, including its association with social alienation. However, this relationship-and the mechanisms underlying it-remain underexplored in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to examine the relationships among stigma, social support, and social alienation in IBD patients in China and to determine whether social support mediates the association between stigma and social alienation.

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of tilapia response to hypoxia and Streptococcus agalactiae co-exposure.

Deterioration of water quality, especially low dissolved oxygen, has contributed to outbreaks of streptococcal disease in tilapia. It has been reported that hypoxia increases the mortality of tilapia during Streptococcus agalactiae infection. However, the underlying mechanism of the increased susceptibility of tilapia to S.

More Than a Decade of Moderate Grazing: No Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Enhancement of Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon via Livestock Diversification.

Managed grassland soils represent a large reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC), playing a crucial role in climate regulation. While optimal herbivore grazing is presumed to be nondetrimental and may even increase soil carbon sequestration, there is a limit to long-term experimental studies to validate this effect, especially those that incorporate multiple herbivore species and their combinations to assess impacts on SOC stocks. Here, we conducted a 14-year controlled grazing experiment with moderate intensity, incorporating common herbivore species (sheep, cattle or both) in a temperate grassland.

KNaZrF(HO): A Hydrated Zirconium Fluoride with a Second-Harmonic Generation Effect and a Short Ultraviolet Cutoff Edge Induced by Cosubstitution with Heterovalent Cations.

The development of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal materials with short ultraviolet cutoff edges is of great significance to laser applications and industrial development. Based on acentric AE-M-F (SrZrF (), CaZrF (), and CaHfF (), with AE = alkaline earth metal and M = Zr, Hf), a novel hydrated zirconium-based fluoride, KNaZrF(HO) (), was obtained through a cosubstitution strategy involving mixed alkali metal cations. KNaZrF(HO) crystallizes in the 2 space group and presents a unique three-dimensional {[ZrF(HO)]} anion framework composed of hydrogen-bonded {[ZrF(HO)]} chains.

Serum lipid levels serve as predictors for osteoporosis or osteopenia in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

This meta-analysis summarizes the differences in serum lipid levels among postmenopausal women with osteopenia, osteoporosis, and normal bone mass, aiming to establish reliable lipid markers for predicting bone loss in postmenopausal women. Relevant literature published up to March 21, 2024, was sourced from databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Following a thorough evaluation in accordance with established inclusion and exclusion criteria, the meta-analysis incorporated 14 studies, involving a total of 12,974 postmenopausal women.

Evaluation of electrospun composite biomaterial and porcine small intestine submucosa patch in open inguinal herniorrhaphy: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled, multicenter, 72-month clinical study.

The aim of this study was to compare postoperative complications and long-term clinical efficacy of electrospun composite biomaterial and porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) patch in open inguinal herniorrhaphy. A prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled, multicenter study was used to select 172 patients with inguinal hernia who met the inclusion criteria in 3 hospitals. All participants were randomly assigned (1:1) and treated by open inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Trends in the global burden of low back pain and neck pain in individuals aged 15 to 49 years, 1990 to 2021, and projections through 2036: An age-period-cohort analysis study.

The objective of this study is to assess global trends and cross-country inequalities in low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) burdens among adolescents and adults aged 15 to 49 years from 1990 to 2021 and project the disease burden through 2036. Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study were used to analyze trends in the prevalence and years lived with disability for LBP and NP from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and years lived with disabilities were calculated, and trends were assessed using the average annual percent change (AAPC).

Bioinformatics and experimental approach identify DNMT3A as a diagnostic marker associated with regulated cell death patterns in psoriasis.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is crucial for the advancement of psoriasis, and providing opportunities as diagnostic indicators and drug sensitivity markers for psoriasis. Nevertheless, there is a lack of exploration regarding a thorough evaluation of RCD and psoriasis. 10 transcriptome datasets from psoriasis patients were retrieved, and then RCD mRNA profile was generated consensus cluster.