Developing and validating a computed tomography radiomics strategy to predict lymph node metastasis in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a key prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer (PC). Accurate preoperative prediction of LNM remains challenging. Radiomics offers a noninvasive method to extract quantitative imaging features that may aid in predicting LNM.

Diagnostic value of Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in HIV-associated pulmonary infections and its correlation with inflammatory markers.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection on serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in acute pulmonary infections and assess correlations between SAA and other inflammatory markers in HIV-associated pneumonia.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 48 HIV-positive patients with pulmonary infections (HIV group) and 55 age-matched HIV-negative controls (control group) were enrolled from Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (2021.5-2025.

More Than a Decade of Moderate Grazing: No Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Enhancement of Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon via Livestock Diversification.

Managed grassland soils represent a large reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC), playing a crucial role in climate regulation. While optimal herbivore grazing is presumed to be nondetrimental and may even increase soil carbon sequestration, there is a limit to long-term experimental studies to validate this effect, especially those that incorporate multiple herbivore species and their combinations to assess impacts on SOC stocks. Here, we conducted a 14-year controlled grazing experiment with moderate intensity, incorporating common herbivore species (sheep, cattle or both) in a temperate grassland.

Single-polarization single-mode hollow-core anti-resonant fiber with nested stadium-shaped tubes.

A single-polarization hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) with nested stadium-shaped tubes is proposed for single mode, low loss, and high birefringence characteristics. X-pol fundamental mode (FM) is coupled to the cladding mode (CM) by introducing four anti-resonant tubes and one resonant tube. Y-pol FM is tightly bound in the fiber core, thus achieving a high polarization extinction ratio (PER).

Method for evaluating the stray-light suppression performance of an internally occulted reflecting coronagraph in the Lyman alpha band.

The Lyman alpha (Lyman- or ) radiation emitted by hydrogen is the strongest ultraviolet spectral line on the corona, which can provide important coronal information that is difficult to obtain at other wavelengths and of great significance to comprehensively study the origin of the corona. In order to observe the corona and provide space weather warning in time, the stray-light suppression performance with a field-of-view (FOV) of 2.5 ( stands for the mean solar radius) for coronagraphs should be suppressed to 10 ( is the mean brightness of the solar disk).

Grazing reverses climate-induced soil carbon gains on the Tibetan Plateau.

Soil carbon stocks on the Tibetan Plateau are widely considered to be increasingly threatened by drastic climate warming and intensified livestock grazing. But it remains elusive due to unconstrained model projections. Here we integrate large-scale soil campaigns, soil incubation with paired grazing experiments to project impacts of climate change and grazing on soil carbon stocks in a three-pool soil carbon model.

Serum exosomal hsa-let-7f-5p: A potential diagnostic biomarker for metastatic pancreatic cancer detection.

Background: Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis due to their stability, tumor specificity, and accessibility. However, the diagnostic potential of serum exosomal miRNAs in metastatic pancreatic cancer remains underexplored.

Aim: To investigate the diagnostic potential of serum exosomal miRNAs in metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Engineered hybrid cell membrane nanosystems for treating cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent a major challenge to global health, highlighting the urgent need for innovative treatment approaches. As a growing interdisciplinary field, nanotechnology has demonstrated significant potential for clinical applications. Nanomedicine development primarily focuses on improving the disease diagnosis and treatment through leveraging the distinct characteristics of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to detect disease markers or deliver therapeutics to specific targets.

Diagnostic Value of Serum D-dimer, CA19-9, and CT Imaging Features in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Benign Pancreatic Lesions.

The distinction between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and benign pancreatic lesions remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) imaging features and clinical characteristics in differentiating PDAC from benign pancreatic lesions. In this retrospective study, a total of 97 patients with PDAC and 90 patients with benign pancreatic lesions were included.

Recurrent Pulmonary Infection Caused by : A Case Report and Management of Inflammation.

This case report documents a recurrent pulmonary infection caused by in a 59-year-old woman with repeated admissions for cough and sputum production. Using mNGS on BALF, sequences were identified. The patient's clinical symptoms, lab results, and imaging features aligned with six criteria from Asano's assessment table, confirming ABPM.

Advanced analysis of defect clusters in nuclear reactors using machine learning techniques.

Studying defects and defect clusters in reactor materials is essential for understanding the degradation mechanisms of materials under irradiation. By uncovering the formation and evolution of defects, this paper provides critical insights for enhancing the radiation resistance of reactor materials and extending their service life. The contributions of this study are as follows: (1) Integration of a large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) dataset generated by cascade collisions and the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to investigate point defects and their clusters in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials; (2) Proposal of a novel clustering method based on physical characteristics, enabling efficient classification of defect clusters while effectively reducing data noise; (3) Development of a component-based defect cluster configuration recognition method using a dual-pointer lattice-filling technique, accurately capturing all defects and identifying several cluster morphologies observed in experiments; (4) Demonstration of the algorithm's outstanding performance in handling systems containing millions of atomic coordinates, showcasing its scalability and robustness; (5) Visualization of the three-dimensional spatial distribution of defect clusters and provision of two-dimensional spatial density distribution maps for vacancy clusters and interstitial clusters, offering precise characterization of spatial relationships within defect clusters and new insights into the irradiation mechanisms of materials.

Video map: A realtime orthographic geo-image considering DEM and semantic information.

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to accurately calibrate massive Pan-Tilt-Zoom Camera (PTZ) cameras on telecommunication tower and the visualization effect of orthographic geo-image is poor, this paper proposes a new method of realtime orthographic geo-image generating, which is considering Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and semantic information (ROGI-DS). First, through integrating tower cameras with 3D GIS, a camera calibration method based on view fitting (3D GIS-GeoC) is designed. Then, using the trained semantic segmentation model (TCSM), the sky area can automatically be identified and removed.

Interaction of osteopontin with α-lactalbumin and their synergistic effects in protecting intestinal barrier injury.

With increasing emphasis on designing infant formulas to better mimic human milk，the collaborative effects of milk proteins have become a subject of great interest. Our study was designed to explore the interaction between osteopontin (OPN) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and their impact on intestinal barrier function. We discovered that OPN and α-LA can spontaneously combine to form an endothermic protein complex via hydrophobic interactions (pH 4.

Role and mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the treatment of diabetic urinary bladder hyperactivity by reducing TRPV1 and P2X3.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications, particularly bladder dysfunction, which profoundly impacts patient quality of life. Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common storage disorder of the lower urinary tract and is characterized by urgency, frequency, and nocturia. Several factors contribute to bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals, including changes in urothelial signaling, detrusor morphology, and central nervous system regulation.

Differential diagnosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with low signal intensity on T2WI from angiomyolipoma without visible fat on MR imaging.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in differentiating between angiomyolipoma without visible fat (AML.wovf) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 36 cases of ccRCC and 17 cases of AML.

Integration of graph neural networks and transcriptomics analysis identify key pathways and gene signature for immunotherapy response and prognosis of skin melanoma.

Objective: The assessment of immunotherapy plays a pivotal role in the clinical management of skin melanoma. Graph neural networks (GNNs), alongside other deep learning algorithms and bioinformatics approaches, have demonstrated substantial promise in advancing cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Methods: GNNs models were developed to predict the response to immunotherapy and to pinpoint key pathways.

A novel fluorescent sensor for imaging of viscosity and ClO in plant cells and zebrafish.

Viscosity and hypochlorite (ClO) are two crucial microenvironmental species that play significant roles in biological activities. Their abnormal levels are closely associated with numerous common diseases. Therefore, accurate and real-time detection of hypochlorite and viscosity related to inflammatory microenvironment conduces to elucidate the pathogenesis and further diagnose the disease.

Improving Patient-Ventilator Synchrony During Pressure Support Ventilation Based on Reinforcement Learning Algorithm.

Mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment for critically ill patients and those with pulmonary diseases. However, patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) remains a significant challenge, potentially leading to high mortality. Improving patient-ventilator synchrony poses a complex decision-making problem in clinical practice.

Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Decoction reduces colorectal cancer liver metastasis by promoting N1 neutrophil chemotaxis.

Objective: To observe the inhibitory effect and potential mechanism of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Decoction (YHJD) on liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: We compared the changes of liver weight and liver index before and after YHJD treatment in CRC liver metastasis mouse models. HE staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in mouse liver tissue sections.

Synapsin III promotes neuronal-like transdifferentiation of glioblastoma stem cells by disrupting JAG1-Notch1 interaction.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a formidable and highly aggressive form of brain cancer, is predominantly driven by GBM stem cells (GSCs), which are characterized by their ability for self-renewal and aberrant differentiation. Targeting the terminal differentiation of GSCs represents a promising therapeutic strategy. This study aimed to elucidate the role of synapsin III (SYN3) in driving the differentiation of GSCs into neuron-like cells and its effect on the tumor-suppressive pathways in GBM.

Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Association With Histological Grade in a Chinese Population.

Background: Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) may influence cancer development. However, its relationship with the histological grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not well understood. This study aims to explore the potential associations between serum HDL-c levels and different histological grades of PDAC.

NGR-Modified CAF-Derived exos Targeting Tumor Vasculature to Induce Ferroptosis and Overcome Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) chemoresistance presents a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to investigate the potential of using tumor vascular-targeting peptide NGR-modified cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived exosomes (exos) to deliver circ_0004872-encoded small peptides promoting autophagy-dependent ferroptosis to reverse chemoresistance in OS. Through combined single-cell transcriptome analysis and high-throughput sequencing, it identified circ_0004872 associated with chemoresistance.

What sustain Chinese adult second language (L2) learners' engagement in online classes? A sequential mix-methods study on the roles of L2 motivation and enjoyment.

Recent research has integrated positive psychology with the Second Language Motivational Self System (L2MMS) to explore how enjoyment, L2 self-guides (including ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self), and engagement interact among school-aged second-language (L2) learners. However, there is a significant gap in understanding these dynamics among adult learners, particularly those who primarily learn a second language online-a group that has been largely overlooked. To address this gap, our study examined the underlying mechanisms connecting these constructs.

Purification of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles using ultrafiltration.

Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are pivotal for the curative effects of mesenchymal stromal cells, but their translation into clinical products is hindered by the technical challenges of scaled production and purification. Ultrafiltration, a pressure-driven membrane separation method, is well known as an efficient, scalable, and cost-effective approach for bioseparation. However, there has been little study so far that comprehensively evaluates the potential application of ultrafiltration for scaled sEV isolation and purification.