FAM46B inhibits CS-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells via KLHL24.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mainly caused by cigarette smoke (CS), is a global health concern. Ferroptosis is recognized as a key driver of COPD progression, yet its underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to identify crucial genes involved in COPD and elucidate their functional roles in COPD via bioinformatics and experiments.

Hydrophilicity-Driven Modulation of Amyloid-β(1-40) Fibrillation by Engineered Nanomaterials.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillation is a spontaneous, thermodynamic process governed by nucleation and elongation. While many studies have explored the ability of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to modulate Aβ fibrillation, such as inhibitors, promoters, and dual-modulators, the key physicochemical property of ENMs that determines this behavior remains unclear. In this study, we developed a comprehensive library of ENMs with well-controlled physicochemical properties, including surface charges, morphologies, and hydrophilicity, to systematically investigate their effects on Aβ40 fibrillation.

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges.

Competitive Chirality Induction in Two-dimensional Germanium Iodide Perovskites Enabling Highly Anisotropic Nonlinear Optical Response.

Chiral metal halide perovskites (CMHPs) are a promising class of chiroptical materials with significant potential applications in chiral-optoelectronic and chiral-spintronic devices. However, their chirality induction generally stems from the incorporation of chiral ligands, which constitutes compositional diversity and functional versatility. Herein, we report a significant chiral expression resulting from two distinct mechanisms: chirality transfer induced by chiral organic cations and mirror symmetry breaking driven by stereochemically active lone pairs, both contributing to controlled chirality induction.

-HsfA1- module mediates heat priming-enhanced blast resistance in rice.

As global climate change exacerbates extreme heat events, the interplay between heat stress and blast disease resistance in rice remains poorly understood. In this study, through integrated transcriptome profiling and systematic phenotyping of mutants in several thermosensory pathways, we identified HsfA1 as a positive regulator of heat priming-enhanced blast resistance in rice. Systematic analysis of microRNA (miRNA) dynamics, bioinformatics prediction, and RNA pull-down experiments revealed that , a temperature-responsive miRNA, directly suppresses the expression of by targeting the second exon of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Cancer-associated fibroblast derived CXCL14 drives cisplatin chemoresistance by enhancing nucleotide excision repair in bladder cancer.

Background: A significant challenge in bladder cancer treatment is primary chemoresistance, in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a pivotal role. While the contributions of CAFs to tumor progression and drug resistance are well established, the precise molecular mechanisms by which they induce chemoresistance remain unclear. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of TME modulation-particularly through CAFs-on the chemotherapeutic response is crucial for developing effective strategies to overcome chemoresistance and improve patient survival.

CNO induced Ca store and glutamate-dependent nonspecific Ca signalling in DREADD-free brain slices.

DREADD (design receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) is a widely used powerful tool designed to study specific cellular functions. However, off-target effects of chemogenetic activators, including clozapine N-oxide (CNO) and deschloroclozapine (DCZ), have been reported. In our study, we demonstrated the direct off-target effects of CNO and DCZ on basal Ca levels in the locus coeruleus nucleus in both neurons and astrocytes by combining viral microinjection, Ca imaging and electrophysiology.

Federated Metadata-Constrained iRadonMAP Framework with Mutual Learning for All-in-One Computed Tomography Imaging.

With the increasing use of computed tomography (CT), concerns about radiation dose have grown. Deep-learning-based methods have shown great promise in improving low-dose CT image quality while further reducing patient dose. However, most deep-learning-based methods are trained on vendor-specific CT datasets with varying imaging conditions and dose levels, which results in poor generalizability across vendors due to marked data heterogeneity.

Trajectories and predictors of frailty in older patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: A longitudinal study.

Objective: To identify the longitudinal heterogeneous trajectories of frailty in older patients with prostate cancer 6 months after radical prostatectomy and to explore the predictors of different trajectories.

Methods: A longitudinal design was conducted, and a total of 248 patients were recruited at the urology department in a tertiary-grade A hospital between June 2024 and March 2025. Data on predictive variables were collected at baseline using General information questionnaire, Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, Health Literacy Management Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey.

Konjac Oligosaccharide Alleviates Constipation in Mice via 5-HT4R/cAMP/PKA/p-CREB Pathway Activation.

Background: Konjac oligosaccharide (KOS), which is produced through the degradation of konjac glucomannan via enzymatic, chemical, or physical treatments, has been found to have laxative effects. The current study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the laxative effect of KOS.

Methods: KOS was administered by gavage to wild-type and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor (5-HT4R)-knockout C57BL/6 mice subjected to loperamide-induced constipation for four weeks.

Cation Engineering Enhanced Moisture Resistance in Centimeter-Sized Lead-Free Halide Perovskite Crystal for Ultrastable X-Ray Detection.

Halide perovskites, particularly those that are lead-free, have garnered significant attention owing to their eco-friendly nature and exceptional performance in X-ray detection. Nevertheless, despite their promising potential, halide perovskites suffer from structural instability in moist environments, which reduces device reliability. Herein, a cation engineering strategy involving the substitution of N-acidic protons with methyl groups of aniline is employed to synthesize a moisture-resistant lead-free halide perovskite (NDMA)BiI (NDMA = N,N-dimethylanilinium).

Comparative Safety Analysis of Avastin and Bevacizumab Biosimilars Based on Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objective: This study aimed to compare adverse event (AE) profiles between Avastin and bevacizumab biosimilars to support clinical decision-making, given the limited availability of real-world data.

Methods: A disproportionality analysis was conducted using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to identify and compare AE signals. Signals were evaluated at the system organ classes (SOCs) and preferred term (PT) levels, focusing on the Top 20 PTs by report number, key SOCs and outcomes.

Gradient Porous Flexible Pressure Sensors with the Relay Effect for High-Accuracy Braille-to-Speech Recognition.

The development of highly sensitive, wide linear-range flexible pressure sensors is crucial for practical applications in human-computer interaction, physiological signal detection, and motion monitoring. However, traditional flexible pressure sensors often suffer from limited compressibility in their structural design, resulting in rapid saturation of the detection range and low sensitivity, which hinder their commercial viability. In this study, we propose a straightforward electrospinning method to fabricate a thermoplastic polyurethane/carboxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (TPU/c-MWCNTs/PDMS) piezoresistive sensor featuring a gradient porous structure.

Outcomes of Surgically Assisted SDRNP for Three-Fenestration Stent Grafts in Treatment of Aortic Arch Pathologies.

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the preferred method in the treatment of aortic arch diseases by now. Due to the complex anatomical structure and reconstruction techniques, it is difficult to perform total endovascular aortic arch treatment for patients with aortic arch lesions. Our team initiates the reconstruction of aortic arch vessels using the surgically assisted short-distance retrograde needle puncture (SDRNP) technique for three-fenestration stent grafts.

CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy to prevent thromboembolic events after stent-assisted coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: CYP2C19 genotyping has been widely studied to guide antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease; however, its role in neurointerventional procedures, particularly for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA), remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of CYP2C19-guided antiplatelet therapy following stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC) in patients with UIA.

Methods: A total of 403 patients who underwent SAC were included.

Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San alleviates Crohn's disease-like colitis by modulating fatty acid degradation via the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor pathway: An integrated approach combining network pharmacology, microbiomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and experimental validation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San (SLBZS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been utilized to manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, data regarding its use in Crohn's disease (CD) remain limited.

Aim Of The Study: To integrate network pharmacology, microbiomics, non-targeted metabolomics, proteomics, and experimental verification to investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of SLBZS in CD-like colitis.

GPR55 activation alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by neuropathic pain through modulation of microglia polarization and synaptic plasticity via the CaMKKβ/AMPK/SOCS3 signaling pathway.

Cognitive impairment induced by neuropathic pain substantially diminishes quality of life, with hippocampal neuroinflammation identified as a critical pathogenic factor. Although G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) demonstrates anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties, its therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms in neuropathic pain-induced cognitive deficits remain uncharacterized. Using a spared nerve injury (SNI) mouse model, we systematically investigated GPR55's neuroprotective mechanisms.

The mRNA vaccine encoding Gc protein confers complete protection against severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome virus.

Severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick-borne pathogen, causes haemorrhagic fever in infected patients and is associated with a high mortality rate in humans. The imperative need for vaccines against this lethal virus is underscored by a lack of effective preventive measures. The results of this study yield notable advancements: the successful development of an SFTSV mRNA vaccine encoding the glycoprotein C (Gc) gene, achieving N-linked glycosylation in the expressed protein.

Chemotherapy modulates PD-L1 expression and its combination with immune checkpoint blockade requires precision.

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), has revolutionized the standard of care for some patients with advanced disease. However, ICB alone is often ineffective in the majority of cancer patients. Chemotherapy, a standard treatment aims at directly targeting rapidly growing tumor cells, also induces the release of antigens that may enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Coix seed oil alleviates collagen-induced arthritis-associated muscle atrophy and functional decline by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Backgroud: The gut microbiota composition influences the pathogenesis of sarcopenia via the "gut microbiota-muscle axis", with probiotics serving as potential therapeutic agents. Coix seed oil (CSO), a bioactive component of Coix lacryma-jobi l., exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects, however, its therapeutic role in rheumatoid sarcopenia (RS) and the underlying mechanisms of actions remain incompletely understood.

Neuroactive network tissue based on dual-factor neuroregenerative bioactive coating scaffolds and neural stem cells for spinal cord injury repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in sensory and motor dysfunction, with neuronal death, circuit disruption, and the inhibitory microenvironment serving as key limitations to effective treatment. In this study, we developed a neuroactive network tissue for SCI repair by immobilizing dual recombinant growth factors based on biomimetic mussel adhesive units onto an oriented electrospun nanofiber scaffold, and seeding neural stem cells (NSCs) onto the scaffold. This dual-factor system continuously stimulates and enhances the paracrine function of NSCs, promoting repair of the injury site.

Cytoplasmic male sterility: Sterility induction, fertility restoration and gene-for-gene interaction of CMS/Rf genes.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited agronomic trait. The CMS lines cannot produce viable pollens (incomplete or nonfunctional), properly dehisce pollen, germinate on the stigma or be accessible to the stigma, thus unable to fertilize the ovule/ egg. Although CMS is not beneficial to the plants itself, it is a valuable resource for hybrid breeding.

A planning method for traditional villages based on natural language processing and geographic information systems.

In the context of China's rural revitalization, preventing the misallocation of national resources and identifying villages in urgent need of renewal have become critical goals. Existing planning methods often overlook how emotional perceptions influence environmental awareness and spatial planning. This study proposes an innovative framework to address this gap, focusing on optimizing village construction to enhance emotional responses.

A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for ratiometric detection of HS and its application in monitoring food freshness and bioimaging.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a colorless gas produced during the spoilage of sulfur-rich foods. It is also a multi-functional signaling molecule and plays an essential role in diverse physiological systems. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent probe (TD) for monitoring HS was rationally prepared.