A statistical reconstruction algorithm for positronium lifetime imaging using time-of-flight positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important modality for diagnosing diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease, capable of revealing the uptake of radiolabeled molecules that target specific pathological markers of the diseases. Recently, positronium lifetime imaging (PLI) that adds to traditional PET the ability to explore properties of the tissue microenvironment beyond tracer uptake has been demonstrated with time-of-flight (TOF) PET and the use of non-pure positron emitters. However, achieving accurate reconstruction of lifetime images from data acquired by systems having a finite TOF resolution still presents a challenge.

County-level modeled extreme heat risk and premature all-cause mortality related to cardio-kidney-metabolic syndrome in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between extreme heat waves and age adjusted cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) all-cause mortality rate in the US.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the county level age adjusted CKM premature (age < 65 years) all-cause mortality rate (CKM aaMR) was collected from the Center for Diseases Control (CDC) WONDER (Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) (2010-2019). The primary exposure was the 2023 US Federal Emergency Management Agency heat wave risk index (HWRI), a marker of extreme heat event frequency.

Quaternary stratigraphy of Bayan borehole in eastern Songnen Plain and its paleoclimate significance.

The Songnen Plain is a key region for Quaternary stratigraphic research in Northeast China. In this area, the Quaternary strata of the Bayan borehole reached a thickness of 58.00 m, offering excellent potential for investigation and research.

Radiative Coupled Evaporation Cooling Hydrogel for Above-Ambient Heat Dissipation and Flame Retardancy.

By combining the merits of radiative cooling (RC) and evaporation cooling (EC), radiative coupled evaporative cooling (REC) has attracted considerable attention for sub-ambient cooling purposes. However, for outdoor devices, the interior heating power would increase the working temperature and fire risk, which would suppress their above-ambient heat dissipation capabilities and passive water cycle properties. In this work, we introduced a REC design based on an all-in-one photonic hydrogel for above-ambient heat dissipation and flame retardancy.

SpaCE: a spatial counterfactual explainable deep learning model for predicting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcome.

Understanding the relationship between risk factors, geospatial patterns, and disease outcomes is essential in health geography research. These relationships can inform the implementation of healthcare and public health strategies to improve health outcomes. To accurately uncover such complex relationships, it is necessary to have a predictive model capable of integrating both health variables and spatial information to forecast health outcomes, along with a tool to interpret and reveal the patterns identified by this model.

Clinical and pathological features of 209 cases of pilomatricoma in children: a retrospective study.

Background: Pilomatricoma, albeit benign, may have a potential impact on children's appearance and health. Clinical practice has revealed variations in the clinical manifestations, anatomical locations, and sizes of pilomatricoma among different pediatric patients. However, few studies have comprehensively summarized the correlations between these features and treatment efficacy, which is crucial for enhancing clinicians' understanding and diagnostic accuracy of the disease.

Comments on Two Controversial Oriental Assassin Bug Species of the Genus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae), with the Description of sp. nov. from China.

The two closely related Oriental species of the genus , (Stål, 1867) and (Fabricius, 1787), exhibit remarkable morphological similarity, particularly in their overall red and black body coloration, including the head, thorax, and abdomen. Based on the examination of type specimens and non-type material collected from various localities of southern China, we found these two congeners were misidentified in many previous publications. Due to the restricted distribution and limited population size of in China, most taxonomic, biological, and biocontrol studies conducted under the name or should be instead attributed to To address this confusion regarding these two species, the present study clarifies the taxonomic status of the two controversial species- and .

Direct Ser797 Interacted Pteridine-7(8)-one Derivatives as Highly Selective and Orally Available EGFR Inhibitors.

The EGFR mutation is the main mechanism of acquired resistance to Osimertinib in NSCLC. There is an urgent need for small-molecule inhibitors to overcome Osimertinib-resistance. In this article, we developed a series of pteridin-7(8)-one-derived inhibitors of EGFR (EGFR) integrating direct interactions with the mutated Ser797 residue and the hydrophobic pocket encircled by the gatekeeper Met790 residue.

Comparative Bioequivalence Study of 2 Clevidipine Formulations in Healthy Chinese participants: A Single-Dose, 2-Period Crossover Trial.

Clevidipine emulsion is an intravenous antihypertensive agent indicated for acute blood pressure control when oral therapies are contraindicated or ineffective. To address this gap in availability, a randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of a generic clevidipine emulsion versus the reference product in 32 healthy Chinese adults. Participants received a 30-minute intravenous infusion of 3 mg of clevidipine (test or reference formulation) in each study period, with serial blood samples collected from the contralateral arm relative to the infusion site for pharmacokinetic analysis.

Multiplex aggregation combining sample reweight composite network for pathology image segmentation.

In digital pathology, nuclei segmentation is a critical task for pathological image analysis, holding significant importance for diagnosis and research. However, challenges such as blurred boundaries between nuclei and background regions, domain shifts between pathological images, and uneven distribution of nuclei pose significant obstacles to segmentation tasks. To address these issues, we propose an innovative Causal inference inspired Diversified aggregation convolution Network named CDNet, which integrates a Diversified Aggregation Convolution (DAC), a Causal Inference Module (CIM) based on causal discovery principles, and a comprehensive loss function.

Examining the impact of mannoproteins on the thermal stability of phenolic compounds in icewine environment: a mechanistic exploration of the interaction preference.

Chromatic quality of white icewines can deteriorate rapidly under high temperatures due to phenolic degradation. Mannoproteins, commonly recognized as an effective phenolic protector, exhibited dynamic behaviors towards phenolic compounds in icewines in heat destabilizing experiments, which could further aggravate the color deterioration. To investigate the correlated mechanism, mutual interactions among mannoproteins, phenolic compounds, and glucose were analyzed in model (ice)wine solutions with heat destabilizing experiments.

BRCA testing utilization among commercially insured women with breast or ovarian cancer.

Purpose: This report examines utilization of germline BRCA genetic testing among women with breast or ovarian cancer in the context of current clinical guidelines for testing.

Methods: Linked IQVIA commercial claims and electronic medical record data were used to analyze BRCA test utilization among women aged 18-64 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer or ovarian cancer during 2016-2021, excluding 2018. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing utilization of testing by cancer type, age group, race, and year.

A Self-Assembled Protein Platform for Plug-and-Play Customization of Multivalent Artificial Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Modular assembly of multivalent therapeutics with precise modulation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties remains a critical challenge in drug development. Here, we present ATPlug, a self-assembling protein platform that integrates three crucial functional modules: a trimerization domain to enhance avidity, a SpyCatcher module for efficient conjugation, and an albumin-binding domain to optimize pharmacokinetics and tissue selectivity. This rational design facilitates the modular assembly of multivalent artificial antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), demonstrating remarkable versatility through the successful incorporation of diverse therapeutic modules targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Identification and pathological significance of variants in the promoter region of ACTC1 gene in congenital ventricular septal defect.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases, but the role of variants at the ACTC1 gene promoter region in VSD is unclear. We investigated variants in the promoter region of ACTC1 gene in 627 subjects (309 sporadic VSD patients and 318 healthy controls) by Sanger sequencing and 6 variants including 1 novel heterozygous variant [g.5163 T > A] were identified.

BRCA Genetic Testing Utilization and Expenditures among Privately Insured Adults in the United States, 2013-2022.

Purpose: Recent clinical guidelines have broadened the criteria for BRCA counseling and testing for women and men, including indications based on family history, personal history, and current diagnosis of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer.

Methods: Using claims data from 2013-2022, we identified BRCA testing using procedure codes to evaluate annual utilization, median expenditures per enrollee, and the percentage of zero out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures by sex among enrollees aged 18-64 years continuously enrolled within calendar years. We examined BRCA utilization by metropolitan status, and indications RESULTS: Annual BRCA testing utilization among women (and men) increased 10.

Effects of Food on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Novel c-Met Inhibitor SPH3348: A Single-Center, Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, 2-Period, 2-Sequence Crossover Study.

This randomized, open-label, 2-period crossover study evaluated food effects on SPH3348 pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety in 16 healthy participants receiving a single 480-mg dose under fasting and high-fat fed conditions. PK profiling involved serial blood sampling at 15 predefined time points per period, while safety assessments included continuous monitoring of adverse events throughout the study. PK analysis revealed pronounced food-dependent alterations.

Forecasting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asia Until 2040: A Bayesian Modeling Approach.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) disproportionately impacts low-middle income countries, such as those in South Asia and understanding future ASCVD rates can inform public policy.

Objectives: This study aimed to project the burden of ASCVD in South Asia till 2040.

Methods: Yearly ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) counts for South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) and mid-year population were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (1990-2021) in 5-year age brackets (40-79 years) and estimated mid-year national population (2022-2040) was collected.

Azithromycin, an Antimicrobial Agent, Targets Glycoside Hydrolase Family 35 and Exhibits Potent Curative Activity Against Tea Plants Diseases Caused by .

Tea disease caused by is an emerging fungal disease that significantly reduces the yield and quality of tea in tea-producing regions owing to the lack of effective control methods. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, against . In vitro assays demonstrated strong inhibitory activity, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC) of 140.

Real-time field measurements of bioaerosols in the agricultural environment: Concentrations, components and environmental impacts.

In agricultural production, bioaerosols inevitably pose health hazards to animals and workers. Currently, there is a lack of research on real-time bioaerosol concentration monitoring at agricultural sites. We conducted a real-time airborne bioaerosol measurement study using the Multiparameter Bioaerosol Spectrometer (MBS) and applied a Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) approach to classify bioaerosol emissions from the North Wyke Farm Platform between April and May.

NBS-mediated -selenocyanation/cyclization of enaminones with KSeCN: a mild and efficient synthesis of 2-aminoselenazoles.

A simple, exogenous-base-free, and NBS-mediated -selenocyanation/cyclization reaction of enaminones with KSeCN under mild conditions has been developed, providing a facile synthetic route to 2-aminoselenazole products. This efficient protocol is postulated to proceed an initial NBS-oxidated polarity reversal of the reactive SeCN anion to form -selenocyanosuccinimide as an electrophilic selenium source, which can induce the -selenocyanation of enaminones and enamino esters, followed by a nucleophilic cyclization promoted by the generated HBr.

Estimating Hospitalization Expenditures Associated with Chronic Diseases and Multimorbidity for Older Adults - Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 2017-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Chronic diseases and multimorbidity impose substantial burdens on healthcare systems globally, particularly in aging populations, resulting in elevated healthcare utilization rates and increased expenditures.

What Is Added By This Report?: This study validates previous research findings using an extensive administrative database from a major city in South China. Additionally, it provides comprehensive estimates of annual hospitalization expenditures per patient associated with chronic diseases and multimorbidity patterns among older adults, elucidating the economic burden and cost variations across specific diseases and multimorbidity combinations.

, a Pathogen of Plants and Humans, Spreading to New Crop Hosts Globally.

In recent years, global temperatures have steadily increased, leading to new patterns of plant disease occurrence. Plant diseases caused by (Pat.) Griff.

Dynamic Interface Modulation of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries by Rational Design of Organic Additives.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) represent viable options for large-scale energy storage, attributed to their high theoretical capacity, availability of resources, and intrinsic safety features. However, the zinc-water interface poses significant challenges including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, which considerably restrict battery performance. This review systematically examines organic additive strategies for zinc anode interface regulation in AZIBs.

First record of silk-loving genus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Plokiophilidae) from Asia, with description of a new species from China.

The silk-loving bug is described from Yunnan, southwestern China, representing the first record of the genus (Heteroptera, Plokiophilidae) from Asia. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the different number of the spines on the fore - and mid-femora, and the numbers of the corial glands on the hemelytra. Photographs of the habitus and diagnostic characters, as well as living individuals in natural habitats, are provided.

Stimulation of microglia in adolescence produces a long-lasting prophylactic effect on single prolonged stress-induced PTSD-like behavior in adult mice.

Our previous studies have reported that pre-stimulation of microglia in adult mice by a single injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) one day before stress stimulation prevents the occurrence of PTSD-like behavior induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), which disappears when the time interval between LPS injection and stress stimulation is extended to 10 days. This disappearance can be rescued by repeated LPS injection, suggesting that enhancing the response of microglia may increase stress tolerance. Since microglia exhibit strong functional plasticity during adolescence, we hypothesize that mice administered LPS during this period acquire a strong ability to resist SPS stimulation.