Cortical and Corticomuscular Beta-Gamma Phase-Amplitude Coupling During Different Locomotion States and the Effects of Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) in the beta-gamma range has emerged as a promising electrophysiological biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: This study aims to investigate how levodopa and locomotion modulate cortical (central electroencephalogram [cEEG]) and corticomuscular (cEEG-gEMG [gastrocnemius electromyography]) beta-gamma PAC in patients with PD.

Methods: Thirty patients with PD underwent simultaneous cEEG and gEMG recordings during sitting, standing, and free walking in both off and on dopaminergic states.

An attenuated African swine fever virus with deletions of the and genes offers complete protection against homologous challenge in pigs.

African swine fever (ASF) has caused a devastating pandemic among domestic and wild swine, leading to significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Recombinant live-attenuated vaccines are a potential option for the control of ASF. However, safe and effective vaccines against the ASF virus (ASFV) are not yet commercially available, and thus, additional vaccine candidates still need to be developed.

Fungicides compatible with entomopathogenic fungi eliminate beneficial symbionts of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Background: In agricultural pests, both microbial pathogens and partners, that threaten their life and benefit them, respectively, face challenges from fungicides that are ubiquitous to control crop pathogens. However, an integrated understanding of the fungicide-impacts on pest microbial pathogens and partners, which in turn influence pest management outcomes, remains largely unexplored.

Results: We investigated the impacts of the most commonly used rice fungicides on an entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica, a biocontrol agent of rice pest Nilaparvata lugens, as well as the communities of bacteria and fungi within this pest.

A CNL protein forms an NLR pair with NRCX to modulate plant immunity.

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins assemble into genetically linked pairs to mediate effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants. Here, we characterize the paired NLRs NRCX and NARY (NRCX adjacent resistance gene Y) in Nicotiana benthamiana. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of NRCX caused severe dwarfism and constitutively activated immunity, marked by PR1 upregulation and enhanced resistance to Phytophthora capsici.

Decoupled tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis of combined with acetate supply promote high-yield biosynthesis of l-homoserine.

l-Homoserine is a valuable intermediate with broad applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Although has been engineered for the efficient biosynthesis of l-homoserine, both production efficiency and glucose conversion remain suboptimal. In this study, an engineered strain capable of high-yield l-homoserine production from glucose was successfully developed.

Development and Application of Mouse-Derived CD2v Monoclonal Antibodies Against African Swine Fever Virus from Single B Cells.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic and hemorrhagic swine infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). It encodes over 150 proteins, among which the CD2v protein plays multiple roles throughout the infection process. Single B-cell antibody technology is a cutting-edge method for preparing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which has the advantages of rapid, efficient, and high yield in antibody production, while possessing natural conformations.

Monitoring Chemical Reactions Induced by Filamentation with Air-Lasing-Based Coherent Raman Spectroscopy.

Simultaneous detection of multiple reaction products induced by filamentation is crucial for unraveling complex atmospheric chemistry but remains challenging technically. Herein, we employ air-lasing-based coherent Raman spectroscopy to simultaneously monitor the formation and evolution of O and NO after femtosecond laser filamentation in synthetic air. Simultaneous detection of the two species reveals their distinct reaction dynamics.

Clinical characteristics and immunotherapy efficacy in advanced lung cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adrenal insufficiency.

To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy in advanced lung cancer patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A retrospective study was conducted on advanced lung cancer patients who developed AI following ICI treatment at Lishui Central Hospital between January 2019 and November 2024. Patients from both the Oncology and Respiratory & Critical Care Departments were included.

Nomograms Integrating Body Composition Metrics Predict Total Pathologic Complete Remission after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is a systemic treatment for locally advanced or initially unresectable breast cancer before surgery. Patients achieved total pathological complete response (tpCR) after NST exhibited significantly better overall prognosis than patients with non-pCR.

Materials And Methods: This study collected baseline indicators, body composition indicators and tpCR results of breast cancer patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Bionic Power Play: Dual-Targeting MDMX/MDM2 to Reboot p53 to Beat Lung Adenocarcinoma's Immune Tricks.

Background And Aim: MDM2 and MDMX are key regulators of the tumor suppressor p53 and are implicated in immune escape mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of these proteins inhibits p53 activity, limiting the immune system's ability to recognize and clear tumor cells, contributing to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study introduces a novel bionic peptide nanodrug, E@MDP, designed to target both MDM2 and MDMX, reactivate p53, and enhance the effectiveness of PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy in lung cancer.

Dirac Fermion and Phonon Coupling Toward Giant Nernst Thermoelectric Performance in Topological Semimetal TaSb.

Electron and hole compensation and ultrahigh mobility of topological semimetals are becoming a guiding principle for designing thermoelectric materials with large Nernst effect, following which several topological semimetals are discovered. Here, beyond the desirable band features, the essential role of Dirac Fermion and phonon coupling is further highlighted for the exceptional Nernst effect. By investigating the topological semimetal of TaSb single-crystalline, a high Nernst thermopower of 1200 µV K and a giant Nernst power factor (PF) of 8300 µW cm K are observed, which are record values in the topological XPn (X = Ta, Nb; Pn = As, Sb) family.

Stimulation of microglia in adolescence produces a long-lasting prophylactic effect on single prolonged stress-induced PTSD-like behavior in adult mice.

Our previous studies have reported that pre-stimulation of microglia in adult mice by a single injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) one day before stress stimulation prevents the occurrence of PTSD-like behavior induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), which disappears when the time interval between LPS injection and stress stimulation is extended to 10 days. This disappearance can be rescued by repeated LPS injection, suggesting that enhancing the response of microglia may increase stress tolerance. Since microglia exhibit strong functional plasticity during adolescence, we hypothesize that mice administered LPS during this period acquire a strong ability to resist SPS stimulation.

Bone loss and increased bone marrow adiposity in ovary-intact and ovariectomized rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: Osteoporosis is a major clinically significant extrapulmonary comorbidity that can arise in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While there have been reports of a negative correlation between bone marrow adiposity and bone integrity, the role of such adiposity in COPD-induced bone loss is not well understood. This study was developed with the aim of clarifying how COPD affects bone and bone marrow fat in both ovary-intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveals the mechanism of hepatic lipid metabolism during fasting in chicken.

Objective: : Since the liver is key to poultry lipid metabolism and fasting models are widely used in studying animal nutrition metabolism, this study used fasting to explore chicken liver lipid metabolism characteristics, providing a basis for poultry lipid metabolism research.

Method: : RNA-seq and metabolomics were combined to analyze 72-hour fasting effects on chicken liver lipid metabolism. Key lipid metabolism-related genes and metabolites were identified, with their mechanisms explored via RNAi and Oil Red O staining.

Mechanistic insights into the versatile stoichiometry and biased signaling of the apelin receptor-arrestin complex.

The apelin receptor (APJR) plays a pivotal role in regulating cardiovascular and metabolic health. Understanding the mechanisms of biased agonism at APJR is crucial for drug discovery, as stimulation of the β-arrestin pathway may lead to some adverse effects. Structural analyses of APJR-Gi complexes have clarified the structural basis of receptor dimerization and activation, yet the absence of structural data on APJR-arrestin complexes has impeded a comprehensive understanding of APJR stoichiometry in the dual signaling pathways and biased agonism.

Atmospheric Evolution of Brown Carbon from Wildfires in North America.

Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) from wildfires is a key component of light-absorbing carbon that significantly contributes to global radiative forcing, but its atmospheric evolution and lifetime remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate BrC evolution by synthesizing data from one laboratory campaign and four aircraft campaigns spanning diverse spatial scales across North America. To estimate initial conditions for evaluating plume evolution, we develop a method to parametrize the emission ratios of BrC and other species using commonly measured inert tracers, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide.

A Fasciculoventricular Accessory Pathway Featuring Functional Decremental Conduction and QRS Variability.

Fasciculoventricular accessory pathways (FVAPs), once considered rare variants of pre-excitation syndrome, are now recognised as ubiquitous in both humans and murine. Nonetheless, most FVAPs are likely electrically silent. However, they can become evident, as reported for some glycogen storage diseases (such as Danon disease and ) and during high-voltage septal pacing.

Apoptotic vesicles of mesenchymal stem cells promote M2 polarization and alleviate early-onset preeclampsia via miR-191-5p.

Background: Macrophages play a crucial role in the development of early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), which may be closely associated with an imbalance in macrophage M1/M2 polarization. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) have anti-inflammatory, tissue repair, and immunomodulatory functions. MSC-apoVs may ameliorate EOPE by regulating macrophage polarization, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified.

Lactylation in radiosensitivity regulation: Mechanistic insights and recent advances.

Lactylation, as a novel post-translational modification, has gained a lot of attention in the biomedical field in recent years. Lactylation is not only related to cellular metabolism but also increasingly prominent in the tumor microenvironment, particularly in regulating radiation sensitivity. This review aims to explore the potential connection between lactylation modification and the regulation of radiation sensitivity.

Comparison of survival outcomes between kidney transplant and dialysis in patients with previous cancer.

Background: The number of cancer survivors that develop kidney failure is increasing. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting clinicians offering kidney transplant or dialysis when facing a kidney failure patient with a previous cancer history.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using the Inner Mongolia Regional Health Information Platform.

Geraniin Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice.

Geraniin (GE), an ellagic tannin extracted from , has been demonstrated to improve high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Geraniin on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism. In this study, we used the mice as a model of atherosclerosis.

Advanced Ensemble Staking Model Employing cfDNA Fragmentation for Early Detection of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer.

Esophageal and gastric cancers are aggressive malignancies with poor prognoses due to late-stage diagnosis. Our study recruited 275 healthy participants, 201 gastric cancer patients, 74 esophageal patients and 103 patients with precancerous conditions. The participants were assigned into training and validation cohorts.

Three-step biosynthesis of salicylic acid from benzoyl-CoA in plants.

Salicylic acid (SA) is the active ingredient in willow bark that has been used for anti-inflammation and pain relief for centuries. Aspirin, a derivative of SA, is the most widely used medication in human history. SA also acts as a key plant defence hormone.

A new approach for microbe-disease association prediction: incorporating representation learning of latent relationships.

Background: Predicting associations between microbes and diseases is crucial for clinical diagnosis and therapy. However, biological experiments are time-intensive, necessitating efficient computational models. Traditional models rely on existing microbe-disease associations, but limited data often restricts their effectiveness.