Pharmacological Targeting of DHHC9-Mediated STRN4 Palmitoylation to Suppress YAP-Driven Cancer Metastasis.

Protein S-palmitoylation, a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification involving the attachment of palmitate to cysteine residues, is a key regulator of protein functionality and cellular signalling. Dysregulation of this modification has emerged as a critical driver of cancer progression. Among the 23 DHHC palmitoyl transferases responsible for catalysing S-palmitoylation, aberrant expression of specific members is linked to tumorigenesis and development, underscoring their potential as promising therapeutic targets.

Atmospheric Evolution of Brown Carbon from Wildfires in North America.

Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) from wildfires is a key component of light-absorbing carbon that significantly contributes to global radiative forcing, but its atmospheric evolution and lifetime remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate BrC evolution by synthesizing data from one laboratory campaign and four aircraft campaigns spanning diverse spatial scales across North America. To estimate initial conditions for evaluating plume evolution, we develop a method to parametrize the emission ratios of BrC and other species using commonly measured inert tracers, acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide.

Tetraamino-driven hydrogen-bonded networks: selective self-assembly of energetic materials.

Hydrogen bonding is crucial in the self-assembly of energetic materials. However, such dynamic networks suffer from selectivity difficulties and are susceptible to interference from the multiple assembly components. In this work, we proposed a polyamino energetic framework 2,5,6,9-tetraamino-pyrazino[2,3-]pyridazine ().

Understanding Mental Health Service Perceptions in Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes and Co-Occurring Mental Health Challenges Living in New York City: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: Chinese Americans face disproportionately higher rates of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and co-occurring mental health challenges. Little is known about how they perceive mental health care during their journey with diabetes. This study aimed to provide an in-depth exploration of mental health care perceptions in this population.

Development and validation of an inflammatory-based nomogram for predicting arteriovenous fistula maturation failure in end-stage renal disease patients.

Background And Hypothesis: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is regarded as the most effective vascular access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).However, research investigating the relationships between the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), the triglyceride-glucose index combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI), and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (HRR) with AVF maturation is still limited.

Methods: We included all ESRD patients undergoing first-time AVF creation between March and August 2024 at Haidian Hospital, Beijing (n = 249).

Baseline Characteristics of Weight-Loss Success in a Personalized Nutrition Intervention: A Secondary Analysis.

: The aim of this secondary analysis is to determine the baseline characteristics that are associated with a higher likelihood of weight-loss success in a personalized nutrition intervention. : Data were analyzed in adults with abnormal glucose metabolism and obesity from a 6-month behavioral counseling randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized to two calorie-restricted diets: a low-fat diet () or a personalized nutrition diet leveraging a machine learning algorithm ().

Effects of a positive psychological intervention on psychological states and functional brain imaging of nurses in transition training: a quasi-experimental study.

Objective: To explore the effects of a positive psychological intervention on the psychological state and brain function of trained nurses during the transition period.

Methods: Randomization was used to assign 130 trained nurses to the observation and control groups. The control group underwent routine training, while the observation group underwent a 12-week positive psychological intervention based on the "Three Good Things" program.

Idelalisib modulates CD4 T cell responses to mitigate rejection of allografts in mice.

Background: Immune rejection remains a leading cause of graft loss following organ transplantation, with CD4 T cells playing a central role in this process. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is essential for the activation, proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming of CD4 T cells, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, the role of Idelalisib (ID), a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in transplant immunity remains underexplored.

Combined Analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq Reveals Candidate Genes for Related to Sorghum Grain Size.

Grain size is a crucial agronomic trait that significantly impacts yield potential in sorghum (), making it a key focus for genetic improvement. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of grain size variation using two contrasting sorghum accessions, PI302232 (small grain, Sg) and PI563512 (large grain, Lg). The 1000-grain weight, grain length, and grain width of Lg were 3.

Weight loss is associated with improved daytime time in range in adults with prediabetes and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes undergoing dietary intervention.

Aims: To characterize changes in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived time in tight range (TIR) measures in individuals with prediabetes or non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes undergoing dietary weight loss intervention and to quantify the association between weight loss and TIR improvement.

Methods: Data from the Personal Diet Study, a 6-month behavioural weight loss intervention in adults with prediabetes or non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes [HbA ≤ 8.0% (64 mmol/mol), managed with diet alone or with metformin], was analysed.

Neighbourhood deprivation and cardiometabolic outcomes in the UK Biobank: differences by sex and ethnicity.

Objective: To examine the associations of deprived neighbourhoods with all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to investigate whether these associations were independently and concurrently stratified by sex and ethnicity.

Methods: Data came from the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort study of over 500 000 participants aged 22-69 across the UK between 2006 and 2010. The follow-up time was calculated from each participant's enrolment at baseline until the first occurrence of a diagnosis of each death, incident or the censor date (31 December 2020).

Association mapping and identification of candidate genes for callus induction and regeneration using sorghum mature seeds.

Introduction: A whole plant can be regenerated through tissue culture from an embryogenic callus in a process referred to as plant regeneration. Regeneration ability of embryogenic callus is a quantitative trait and the main limiting factor for genetic studies in sorghum.

Methods: We evaluated 236 sorghum mini core varieties for callus induction rate, embryogenic callus rate, callus browning rate and differentiation rate and performed a multi-locus genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the four traits with 6,094,317 SNPs.

A State of the Science Review of Wildfire-Specific Fine Particulate Matter Data Sources, Methods, and Models.

Background: Despite progress in reducing industrial air pollution, rising wildfire frequency and intensity, driven in part by climate change, pose significant health risks. Accurate estimates of wildfire-generated fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter () are needed for advancing health research, policymaking, and environmental protection.

Objective: This review evaluates existing methodologies and data sources for estimating wildfire-generated , aiming to improving accuracy and accessibility for health research, policy development, and environmental management strategies.

Connecting underlying factors in the associations between perceived neighborhood social environments and type 2 Diabetes: Serial mediation analyses.

Aims: This study tested direct and indirect associations between perceived neighborhood social environments and type 2 diabetes (T2D), serially mediated via health-related (physical activity [PA], body mass index [BMI]), psychosocial factors, and inflammation.

Methods: Data came from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 3 [2013-2014] and MIDUS 3 Biomarker Project [2017-2022]; n = 518). T2D (yes/no) was based on the American Diabetes Association criteria.

A Reversible Nitroamino-Based Switch Modulates Hydrogen-Bonding Networks in Energetic Materials.

The regulation of hydrogen-bonding networks in molecular switches is critical for adaptive materials. However, most of the reported molecular switches are not capable of modulating hydrogen-bonding networks in energetic materials, limiting high-demand applications in explosives. In this work, the first high-energy nitroamino-based molecular switch is reported.

Effect and Mechanism of Extract on UVA and UVB Radiation-Induced Skin Aging.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation often causes skin aging, inflammation, cancer and other related skin diseases. In this study, the main components of extract (TME) were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and their anti-photoaging effects were assessed through UV-induced cell and animal models. The key components identified were D-mannitol (27.

Targeting the disrupted Hippo signaling to prevent neoplastic renal epithelial cell immune evasion.

Large-scale cancer genetic/genomic studies demonstrated that papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is featured with a frequent shallow deletion of the upstream tumor suppressors of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, suggesting that this signaling pathway may play a role in pRCC development. Here we develop a transgenic mouse model with a renal epithelial cell-specific hyperactivation of YAP1 and find that hyperactivation of YAP1 can induce dedifferentiation and transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells leading to the development of pRCC. We analyze at the single-cell resolution the cellular landscape alterations during cancer initiation and progression.

T cell aging and exhaustion: Mechanisms and clinical implications.

T cell senescence and exhaustion represent critical aspects of adaptive immune system dysfunction, with profound implications for health and the development of disease prevention and therapeutic strategies. These processes, though distinct, are interconnected at the molecular level, leading to impaired effector functions and reduced proliferative capacity of T cells. Such impairments increase susceptibility to diseases and diminish the efficacy of vaccines and treatments.

Multiphase sulfur chemistry facilitates particle growth in a cold and dark urban environment.

Sulfate comprises an average of 20% of the ambient PM mass during the winter months in Fairbanks, based on 24-hour filter measurements. During the ALPACA 2022 field campaign (Jan 15th-Feb 28th of 2022), we deployed two aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) and one aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) at three urban sites, combined with Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPS), to examine the evolution of aerosol composition and size distribution at a sub-hourly time scale. During an intense pollution episode with ambient temperature between -25 and -35 °C, all three instruments (two AMS and one ACSM) recorded a sharp increase in sulfate mass, ranging from 5 to 40 μg m within a few hours.

Land Use and Ecosystem Service Value Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Topographic Gradient Effect and Their Driving Factors in Typical Alpine Ecosystems of the East Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Implications for Conservation and Development.

Shiqu County, China, represents a vital component of alpine ecosystems on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, playing a pivotal role in regional ecological functions. However, amid the backdrop of climate change and rapid land-use transformation, its delicate alpine ecosystems remain persistently threatened by human activities, including several nature reserves and a Ramsar site within it. This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution and differentiation of Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) in Shiqu County (1980-2020), focusing on its driving factors.

DT-VNet: Deep Transformer-based VNet Framework for 3D Prostate MRI Segmentation.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used in examining and diagnosing prostate diseases due to its high resolution. However, the diverse morphology of prostate tissue presents a significant challenge for precise gland segmentation. Convolutional Neural Networks have demonstrated effectiveness in segmenting prostate regions.

Culturally Tailored Social Media Intervention Improves Health Outcomes in Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Evidence from a Pilot RCT.

Background: Minoritized populations face many barriers to accessing evidence-based diabetes intervention.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a social media-based intervention to improve glycemic control among Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes.

Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

Unveiling inequalities: Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in diabetes: Findings from the 2007-2020 NHANES data among U.S. adults.

Objective: Despite persistent disparities in diabetes prevalence among racial and ethnic minorities, there remains a significant lack of understanding regarding the intersectionality of racial and ethnic groups and socioeconomic status (SES) with diabetes.

Methods: The data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES;  = 30,754, mean age = 47.4) using cross-sectional survey cycles from 2007 to 2008 through 2017-2020.