A framework of biomarkers for visual system aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium.

The visual system is essential for human perception, converting light signals into electrical impulses and transmitting them to the brain to process environmental information. As individuals age, their physiological functions gradually decline, leading to age-related vision impairment that significantly impacts the quality of life in elderly individuals. China is home to the world's largest aging population and faces significant challenges in combating visual system aging through effective treatments and interventions.

Tunable Interlayer-Spacing Graphene Oxide Membrane: Efficient Osmotic Energy Conversion Toward Metal Recovery.

2D material membranes show promise in osmotic energy (OE) conversion and separation technologies. However, low ion flux and swelling limit their applications. Herein, a polydopamine-crosslinked graphene oxide membrane (PDA@GO) with tunable interlayer spacing is developed to address these challenges.

Development of a chemotactic SynCom bioorganic fertilizer for biocontrol of bacterial wilt in tobacco fields.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most severe plant diseases all over the world. Currently, many scientists are using SynCom (synthetic microbial community) to control this disease. However, designing of highly efficient SynCom remains challenging.

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals senescence and inflammation in the post-tuberculosis human lung.

Patients with a history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection often suffer from irreversible and progressive pulmonary damage, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human lung tissues including 19 post-tuberculosis lung tissues and 13 matched normal lung samples as controls, focusing on areas within and surrounding tuberculosis lesions. We identified tuberculosis-associated molecular signatures across various cell types, including gene expression patterns associated with senescence, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis.

Idelalisib modulates CD4 T cell responses to mitigate rejection of allografts in mice.

Background: Immune rejection remains a leading cause of graft loss following organ transplantation, with CD4 T cells playing a central role in this process. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is essential for the activation, proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming of CD4 T cells, making it an attractive therapeutic target. However, the role of Idelalisib (ID), a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in transplant immunity remains underexplored.

Systematic profiling reveals betaine as an exercise mimetic for geroprotection.

Exercise has well-established health benefits, yet its molecular underpinnings remain incompletely understood. We conducted an integrated multi-omics analysis to compare the effects of acute vs. long-term exercise in healthy males.

Single-cell profiling identifies hair cell SLC35F1 deficiency as a signature of primate cochlear aging.

Cochlear aging causes substantial hearing impairment in older adults, yet primate-specific mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Our comprehensive analysis combining single-cell and histopathological profiling in aging Macaca fascicularis demonstrates progressive cochlear degeneration featuring accelerated sensory hair cell loss, senescent spiral ganglion neurons with elevated neuroinflammation, and marked stria vascularis atrophy. We discovered that downregulation of transmembrane transport proteins, particularly SLC35F1, serves as a critical biomarker of hair cell aging.

Cigarette Smoking Drives Thyroid Eye Disease Progression via RAGE Signaling Activation.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a sight-threatening autoimmune disease with cigarette smoking as one of the key risk factors. Cigarette smoking affects both the severity of TED and the patient's response to medication. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of smoking in TED remain unclear.

Identification, Characterization, and Application of a Novel Highly Efficient Thermostable Patulin-Degrading Enzyme from .

Mycotoxin patulin poses serious threats to human health by contaminating food and food products; biological detoxification of patulin by using enzymes is a promising method, and the key is an effective enzyme. Here, a thermostable patulin-degrading lipase, Est from , is identified and characterized. It retains over 50% residual activity after heat treatment at 85 °C for 120 min, and its thermostability is the highest of known patulin-degrading enzymes.

N-sulfopropyl chitosan-based hybrid membranes enhanced with ionic liquid and covalent organic framework for intermediate temperature fuel cell applications.

This study presents a novel approach to developing high-performance acid-functionalized chitosan (CS) membranes for intermediate-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (IT-PEMFC). We synthesized hybrid membranes by incorporating polyionic liquids (IL) and covalent organic frameworks (COF) into N-sulfopropyl CS (NCS). The addition of these components enhanced the membranes mechanical and thermal stability through strong hydrogen bonding and acid-base interactions.

Quantification of Cisplatin Encapsulated in Nanomedicine: An Overview.

Cisplatin, which kills cancer cells mainly through DNA crosslinking, has been widely used as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent although it also causes severe side effects. To improve anticancer outcomes, various types of cisplatin-based nanomedicines have been developed, either through direct incorporation or coordination of cisplatin within nanoparticles (NPs). During the formulation and characterization of cisplatin-loaded NPs, quantitative determination of cisplatin is crucial for both clinically used and newly developed NPs.

Compacting hyaluronan into nanogels induces an enhanced macropinocytosis in MC38 cells.

Hyaluronan (HA)-based drug delivery system including HA conjugates and nano-formulations have been intensively researched in various biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and unique biological characteristics. Currently most researches are exploring the targeted drug delivery enabled by HA receptors e.g.

ARID5A orchestrates cardiac aging and inflammation through MAVS mRNA stabilization.

Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of human cardiac aging remains a great challenge. Here, using human heart tissues from 74 individuals ranging from young (≤35 years) to old (≥65 years), we provide an overview of the histological, cellular and molecular alterations underpinning the aging of human hearts. We decoded aging-related gene expression changes at single-cell resolution and identified increased inflammation as the key event, driven by upregulation of ARID5A, an RNA-binding protein.

Exploring the role of gut microbiota in intervertebral disc degeneration: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Objective: Although previous studies have indicated a potential association between the gut microbiota and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. The objective of this study is to further explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and IVDD using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach, with the aim of identifying potential microbial characteristics associated with IVDD.

Methods: Using the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 412 gut microbiota species and 227,388 controls and 29,508 cases of IVDD.

A biomarker framework for auditory system aging: the Aging Biomarker Consortium consensus statement.

Hearing is one of the most vital sensory functions in human beings and a crucial means of perceiving and acquiring information from the natural environment. The advancement of human society is closely linked to the development of language, with hearing serving as the foundation for verbal communication. As individuals age, the deterioration of the auditory system becomes a significant factor contributing to sensory impairments in the elderly.

The CAPE1 peptide confers resistance against bacterial wilt in tomato.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases for which no effective treatment exists. There is an urgent need to understand the basis of resistance against this pathogen in order to engineer efficient strategies in the field. We previously demonstrated that resistant tomato plants limit bacterial movement in the apoplast and the xylem.

A dual chemodrug-loaded hyaluronan nanogel for differentiation induction therapy of refractory AML via disrupting lysosomal homeostasis.

Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (rrAML) is a malignant blood cancer with an extremely poor prognosis, largely ascribed to the drug-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Most patients suffer from a risk of difficult-to-cure as well as severe systemic toxicity when receiving standard chemotherapies. As hyaluronic acid (HA) is a specific ligand of CD44 highly expressed by LSCs, we had HA self-assembled with cisplatin and daunorubicin to form a dual chemodrug nanogel (HA/Cis/Dau) to afford the targeted therapeutic interventions of rrAML.

RIG-I-driven CDKN1A stabilization reinforces cellular senescence.

The innate immune signaling network follows a canonical format for signal transmission. The innate immune pathway is crucial for defense against pathogens, yet its mechanistic crosstalk with aging processes remains largely unexplored. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), a key mediator of antiviral immunity within this pathway, has an enigmatic role in stem cell senescence.

T cell aging and exhaustion: Mechanisms and clinical implications.

T cell senescence and exhaustion represent critical aspects of adaptive immune system dysfunction, with profound implications for health and the development of disease prevention and therapeutic strategies. These processes, though distinct, are interconnected at the molecular level, leading to impaired effector functions and reduced proliferative capacity of T cells. Such impairments increase susceptibility to diseases and diminish the efficacy of vaccines and treatments.

Single-nucleus transcriptomics decodes the link between aging and lumbar disc herniation.

Lumbar disc (LD) herniation and aging are prevalent conditions that can result in substantial morbidity. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms connecting the LD aging and herniation, particularly focusing on cellular senescence and molecular alterations in the nucleus pulposus (NP). We performed a detailed analysis of NP samples from a diverse cohort, including individuals of varying ages and those with diagnosed LD herniation.