Optimizing lignocellulose conversion: A comparative study of alkali-assisted ball milling pretreatment of cotton stalk and corn stover.

Cotton stalk (CTS) and corn stover (CRS) were pretreated using solid alkali (NaOH or Ca(OH)) assisted ball milling (BM). The physicochemical properties of the pretreated materials and their high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis performance were systematically investigated. The interaction between alkali and straw was synergistically enhanced by mechanical force generated during BM, achieving effective lignin removal.

[Symptoms and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with upper urinary tract calculi after ureteral stent implantation].

Objective： To analyze the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract calculi patients combined with mild and moderate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after ureteral stent implantation. Methods： One hundred and six BPH patients who were hospitalized for upper urinary tract calculi and had ureteral stents retained from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected and divided into 2 weeks group and 4 weeks group according to the time of removal of ureteral stents after surgery. Their general clinical data were analyzed and compared.

The Worse the Physical Function, the More Probable the Concerns about Falling.

Few studies have explored the impact of poor physical function on concerns about falling (CaF) in older adults, often with low sensitivity due to fragmented assessments. The functional continuum (FC), which covers the full range from robust function to disability, may better capture the relationship between physical function and CaF risk. Using data from NHATS (Rounds 1-10), a proportional hazards model examined CaF risk stratification by FC categories.

The interaction between blood lipids and ASCVD increases the risk of DKD: a nonlinear relationship transforms into a linear relationship, a cross-sectional study.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are interconnected vascular complications in diabetes, with dyslipidemia playing a key role. The modifying effect of ASCVD on the lipid-DKD relationship in diabetic patients without lipid-lowering treatment remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective study included 26,476 type 2 diabetic patients without lipid-lowering therapy.

Photochemical H dissociation for nearly quantitative CO reduction to ethylene.

Producing olefins by carbon dioxide (CO) hydrogenation is a long-standing goal. The usual products are multicarbon mixtures because the critical step of heterolytic hydrogen (H) dissociation at high temperatures complicates selectivity control. In this study, we report that irradiating gold-titanium dioxide at 365 nanometers induces heterolytic H dissociation at ambient temperature.

Cisplatin-induced WWP1-eccDNA expression contributes to ovarian cancer resistance.

Background: Multidrug resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Recent research has underscored the critical role of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) in tumor initiation and progression. However, there is limited comprehensive understanding of the role eccDNA plays in tumor resistance.

Rician Likelihood Loss for Quantitative MRI With Self-Supervised Deep Learning.

Quantitative MR imaging with self-supervised deep learning promises fast and robust parameter estimation without the need for training labels. However, previous studies have reported significant bias in self-supervised parameter estimates as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases. A possible source of this bias may be the choice of the mean squared error (MSE) loss function for network training, which is incompatible with MR magnitude signals.

Multiscale identification of DNASE1L3 as a key target in MASLD progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) underscores the need to identify key drivers of malignant transformation. This study aimed to discover critical genes governing MASLD-to-HCC progression for early intervention.

Methods: Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data were analyzed using pseudotime algorithms (Mfuzz, Monocle3) to pinpoint progression-related genes.

Melatonin-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2-driven glutamine metabolism.

Background: Pancreatic cancer, characterized by aggressive proliferation and metastasis, is a lethal malignancy. The nightly hormone melatonin serves as a rhythm-regulating hormone, and is used to treat different cancers including pancreatic cancer.

Aim: To investigate how melatonin acts against human pancreatic cancer cell lines and analyze the biological processes that cause the observed effects.

Integrating Peritumoral and Intratumoral Radiomics with Deep Learning for Preoperative Prediction of Lymphovascular Invasion in Invasive Breast Cancer Using DCE-MRI.

BackgroundLymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a critical factor in breast cancer (BC) prognosis and treatment planning, yet preoperative non-invasive assessment remains challenging. This research proposes the design and validation of a comprehensive artificial intelligence (AI) system that combines intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic analysis, deep learning (DL)-derived features, and clinical risk indicators extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), with the goal of predicting LVI status in patients with BC.MethodsThis multi-institutional retrospective study included 496 IBC patients (training cohort: n = 344; validation cohort: n = 152).

Direct Probing the Electrical Double Layer at Graphite/Nafion Interface via Depth Profiling APXPS.

Understanding the electrical double layer (EDL) is fundamental for enhancing the efficiency, capacity, and stability of electrochemical systems. The EDL at the electrode/polyelectrolyte interface exhibits significantly different properties with a more complex structure compared to liquid electrolyte systems. Characterizing this intricate interface experimentally remains a major challenge.

Metabolite Profiling of Guipi Pill Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and Determination of the Pharmacokinetics of its Major Prototype Components.

Guipi Pill (GPP), a classic traditional formula used to treat anxiety disorders, demonstrates significant pharmacological activity. However, research on its pharmacodynamic material basis remains limited. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS was used to systematically analyze the metabolites of GPP in the blood, urine, bile, and feces of rats after oral administration and elucidate its in vivo metabolic processes.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and irinotecan guided by UGT1A1 status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: 5-year update of the CinClare trial.

Background: The optimal regimen and chemotherapy intensity are still under investigation for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The CinClare trial has demonstrated improved pathologic complete response (pCR) with the addition of irinotecan to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) guided by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genotype in LARC. Here, we report the 5-year follow-up outcomes of the CinClare study.

The ZJU index as a predictor of all-cause mortality in metabolic syndrome patients: A prospective cohort study from NHANES 2005-2018.

The ZJU index, an innovative metabolic marker, combines triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index, and the ratio of alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase. This study examines how ZJU index variations correlate with all-cause mortality risk in US adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data were obtained from 6020 individuals with MetS, extracted from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset, and linked to the National Death Index.

Benefits of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses for subjective sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The increasing use of digital devices has raised concerns about the effects of blue light exposure on overall well-being. Blue light-filtering intraocular lenses (BF-IOLs) have been developed to mitigate these effects, particularly in cataract surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and compare the benefits of BF-IOLs and standard intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the subjective sleep quality of cataract patients.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis amplifies thiram hepatotoxicity via a mitochondrial-autophagy-apoptosis nexus orchestrated by the gut-liver axis.

Thiram, an environmentally persistent pesticide, poses significant hepatotoxic risks through oral exposure. However, the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis to hepatic cell death remain unclear. Using a 5-week thiram exposure mouse model, we demonstrate that thiram-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis amplifies hepatotoxicity by disrupting the mitochondrial-autophagy-apoptosis axis via the gut-liver axis.

Broad-spectrum antitumor analysis of the telomerase activity inhibitor TPCH derived from the human constitutively expressed protein LPTS/PinX1.

Background: The human liver-related putative tumor suppressor LPTS/PinX1 is a gene encoding a telomerase inhibitory protein. Overexpression of LPTS/PinX1 protein can inhibit the growth of multiple telomerase-positive cancer cell lines. LPTS/PinX1 has therapeutic potential for cancer.

Hierarchical Pd Nanoclusters/CuCoAl-LDH/Graphene Catalyst: Pd-CuO Synergistic Enhancement Effect for Highly Improved Reduction of Nitro Compounds.

A series of Pd nanocluster (PdNC) catalysts -PdNCs/CuCoAl(O)/rGO- (: Pd loading (= 0.04-0.24 wt %), = 260-340 °C) are synthesized by loading water-soluble captopril-protected PdNCs on CuCoAl-layered-double-hydroxide/reduced-graphene-oxide using electrostatic adsorption followed by proper calcinations.

Effect of different concentrations of gibberellins on antibiotics and nutrient removal using microalgae-bacteria consortia system.

Phytohormone gibberellins (GAs) were utilized to enhance the removal of tetracycline antibiotics and nutrients from swine wastewater by different algal-bacterial symbiosis. Compared to microalgae monoculture, microalgae-activated sludge, and microalgae-, microalgae-endophytic bacteria showed better growth, photosynthetic, and purification performance. At 50 mg L GAs addition concentration, the specific growth rate of -endophytic bacterial (S395-2) system was 0.

Liquid Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Quantitative Proteomic Analysis from Single-Cell and Nanogram-Level Samples.

Liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) are two critical components in proteomics. Advances in methods for both LC and MS have significantly enhanced protein identification and quantifications of limited amounts of proteins, particularly at the picogram-to-nanogram level of proteins. In this study, we explored various LC conditions and MS platforms to optimize protein identification and quantification using data-independent acquisition (DIA).

Optimizing dosimetry in Y-90 microsphere radioembolization: GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo simulation versus conventional methods for high-volume setting.

Background: Yttrium-90 (Y) microsphere radioembolization has shown unique advantages in treating both primary and metastatic liver cancer and was introduced into China in 2022. Despite the development of various dosimetric models-ranging from empirical to voxel-based approaches-practical implementation remains challenging. With over 370,000 new liver cancer cases annually and limited access to certified Y treatment centers, Chinese interventional oncology departments face increasing pressure to balance dosimetric accuracy with clinical efficiency.

Influence of Pre-Vaccination HPV Status on Vaccine Effectiveness Among Chinese Women: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been available in China for only 8 years, and routine HPV testing is not recommended prior to vaccination. Therefore, evaluation of HPV vaccine effectiveness and the impact of pre-vaccination HPV infection status on vaccine protective effect in Chinese women is warranted.

Methods: From June 2022 to June 2023, women aged 18 to 50 years without a history of cervical or uterine excision were recruited from three medical institutions.

Macrophage-derived VISTA engages with LRIG1 and hinders gut epithelial repair in colitis.

Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and incomplete repair are critical for the development of colitis. V-domain immunoglobulin domain suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), encoded by Vsir, functions as an immune checkpoint. In the present work, we report that VISTA is predominantly upregulated in macrophages from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.