Cisplatin-induced WWP1-eccDNA expression contributes to ovarian cancer resistance.

Background: Multidrug resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Recent research has underscored the critical role of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) in tumor initiation and progression. However, there is limited comprehensive understanding of the role eccDNA plays in tumor resistance.

Sleep Physiology in Spine Disease: A Comparative Study of Cervical and Lumbar Patients.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Objective: We aim to compare Fitbit-collected sleep metrics between patients with cervical and lumbar spine diseases and explore correlations between these metrics and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and self-reported sleep.

Summary Of Background Data: Pain, fatigue, and postural problems often lead to sleep disturbances in patients with spine disease.

Patterns of maternal and child health services utilization and associated socioeconomic disparities in sub-Saharan Africa.

Under-five mortality remains a global health issue, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where preventable conditions largely drive the high mortality rates. Understanding the heterogeneity in utilization of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health services is crucial for reducing under-five mortality. Here we show that among 9307 under-five mortality cases across 31 sub-Saharan African countries (2014-2024), maternal and child health service utilization falls into three distinct patterns-lowest, medium, and highest.

C-BIOPRED severe asthma clinical phenotypes: link to complement and coagulation pathways and galectin 10.

Background: Severe asthma is a heterogeneous airway inflammatory disease presenting with varying clinicophysiological characteristics and response to treatments. The objectives of the present study were to determine the clinical phenotypes of the Chinese C-BIOPRED cohort and their link to the sputum proteome.

Methods: Partition-around-medoids clustering was applied to a training set of 362 nonsmoking, smoking or ex-smoking severe asthma patients, and nonsmoking mild-moderate asthma patients using eight clinicophysiological variables, with validation performed in the remaining 181.

Association between preoperative activity levels and postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity surgery.

Purpose: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a condition associated with significant pain, disability, and high complication rates after surgery, reaching 38-71%. These complications significantly impact recovery, which often takes over a year. Efforts to mitigate complications have focused on preoperative risk stratification using factors such as frailty and patient demographics.

Deciphering the Role and Mechanism of Decidual Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infiltration in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome at Single-Cell Resolution.

Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by pathologic pregnancies and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Despite significant infiltration of decidual macrophages observed in OAPS patients, the underlying connections between decidual and peripheral immune cells remain unclear. In this study, an integrated single-cell atlas is constructed of the decidua and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from OAPS patients and HCs.

Establishing objective markers of physical activity to identify early improvement after lumbar spine surgery.

Objective: Despite growing interest in using biometric measures as objective tools to monitor recovery after spine surgery, there is sparse guidance on appropriate thresholds to evaluate perioperative changes in these domains. The authors defined thresholds of activity and heart rate (HR) measures that mark improved early recovery and evaluated their association with longer-term surgical outcomes.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study recruited patients undergoing elective surgery for lumbar degenerative spine disease at a single institution from February 2021 to June 2023.

Synergizing acid-base sites and lattice distortion of amorphous basic cobalt carbonate for transfer hydrogenation.

The amorphous basic cobalt carbonate synthesized a facile precipitation method exhibits much higher activity (97.1% conversion and 98.0% selectivity) in cinnamaldehyde transfer hydrogenation compared to cobalt oxide catalysts, due to the high-density acid-base sites and lattice distortion.

Spherical Covalent Organic Framework-like Material with a Vinylene Bridge for a Photothermal-Driven Suzuki Coupling Reaction.

Turning a traditional homogeneous reaction into a heterogeneous catalytic process has long been a crucial issue in the chemical industry because of favorable cost reduction from catalyst recycling. Modification of these heterogeneous catalysts could enable various functions that further benefit energy consumption and production efficiency. In this work, a spherical covalent organic framework like (COF-like) material () was developed, which possesses broad light absorption properties and efficient photothermal conversion capabilities, with the highest surface temperature increased by over 70 °C from room temperature under the simulated light irradiation (1 kW m, equal to one sun).

Integrating Nonindividual Patient Features in Machine Learning Models of Hospital-Onset Bacteremia.

Importance: Hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) are common and potentially preventable complications of hospital care.

Objective: To assess whether nonindividual patient features, which summarize interactions with other patients and health care workers (HCWs), can contribute to predictive and causal machine learning models for HOB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prognostic study included adult patients admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital, an academic hospital in St Louis, Missouri, in 2021.

A smart ultra-small near infrared persistent luminescence nanoprobe for non-invasive detection of early rheumatoid arthritis.

Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis (E-RA) is crucial for long-term patient health, but current methods lack precision. Overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxic and inflammatory synovium are early markers of RA, appearing years before significant radiological findings, making them attractive biomarkers for early detection. Here, an ultrasensitive ROS-responsive nanoprobe are developed based on glutathione (GSH) modified Cr doped ZnGaO ultra-small near-infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (denoted as ZnGaO:Cr-GSH).

A Novel Immunoprobe Strategy Integrating Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure and Protein A for Sensitivity Enhancement: Application in Lead Ion Detection.

Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has been extensively utilized for on-site detection to ensure food safety. However, maintaining the bioactivity of immunoprobes while achieving efficient antibody labeling remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel immunoprobe was developed by integrating tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) with protein A (PrA) and was subsequently applied in an ICA for the detection of lead ions.

Nonreciprocal Control of the Speed of Light Using Cavity Magnonics.

We demonstrate nonreciprocal control of the speed of light by sending a microwave pulse through a cavity magnonics device. In contrast to reciprocal group velocity controlled by conventional electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effects, incorporating a dissipative magnon-photon coupling establishes a nonreciprocal EIT effect, allowing slow and fast light propagation in opposite directions at the same frequency with comparable amplitude. Remarkably, reversing the magnetic field enables a directional switch between nonreciprocal fast and slow light.

Multidomain postoperative recovery trajectories after lumbar and thoracolumbar spine surgery.

Background Context: Understanding early postoperative recovery is crucial for improving perioperative care and long-term outcomes. Traditional recovery assessments relying primarily on cross-sectional patient-reported measures may not fully capture the complexity of the recovery process.

Purpose: Our study evaluates early postoperative recovery using mobile health assessment and explores the relationship between early recovery patterns, multidomain recovery, and long-term outcomes.

Residential greenness, genetic susceptibility, and asthma risk: Mediating roles of air pollution in UK and Chinese populations.

Background: The relationship between residential greenness and asthma remains a topic of interest, especially in understanding the pathways involved and how genetic factors might influence this association. This study aimed to explore the association between residential greenness and asthma incidence, while also examining potential mediating pathways and the role of genetic susceptibility.

Methods: Data were analyzed from two independent cohorts: the UK Biobank and the Chinese Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (C-BIOPRED) study.

Soluble CD13 is a potential mediator of neutrophil-induced thrombogenic inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The soluble variant of the ectopeptidase CD13 (sCD13), released from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator, displaying chemotactic, angiogenic, and arthritogenic properties through bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R). We revealed a link between sCD13 and amplified neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. sCD13 was markedly elevated in patients with COVID-19 and correlated with disease severity and variants, ethnicity, inflammation markers, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis).

Development and validation of a novel echocardiography-based nomogram for the streamlined classification of cardiac tumors in cancer patients.

Background: Differentiating cardiac tumors is crucial for treatment planning, but the specificity of echocardiography as a first-line screening tool is limited. This study aimed to develop a streamlined classification model for cardiac tumors in cancer patients using echocardiographic data.

Methods: A total of 215 echocardiographic clips representing cardiac tumors from 121 patients with extracardiac malignancies were selected and divided into training and testing cohorts.

High-Precision and High-Resolution X-ray Fluorescence Analysis System for Chlorine Elements Based on Double-Curved Crystal Technology.

In X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, specific elements, particularly neighboring elements, interfere with each other. A wavelength-dispersive optical system based on double-curved crystal (DCC) with multiple faces was designed. A Johann-type graphite curved crystal was used to focus the monochromatic excitation light, and a logarithmic spiral graphite curved crystal was used to collect the target fluorescence (Cl, 2.

Using machine learning to predict poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents with HIV in low resource settings.

Objectives: Achieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression is still insufficient for attaining the UNAIDS 95-95-95 target of 2030, especially among adolescents with HIV (AWHIV). This study sought to develop a model to predict poor adherence risk among AWHIV and identify associated risk factors.

Design: We utilized machine learning to predict future ART adherence among AWHIV leveraging its ability to analyze complex, multidimensional data.

Cyclic Peptide Natural Product Inspired Inhibitors of the Free-Living Amoeba .

is a pathogenic free-living amoeba (pFLA) that can cause infection of the central nervous system (CNS), called amoebic encephalitis (BAE), as well as cutaneous and systemic diseases. Patients infected with have a high mortality rate due to a lack of effective treatments. A nonoptimized antimicrobial drug regimen is typically recommended; however, it has poor antiparasitic activity and can cause various and severe side effects.

The foundational capabilities of large language models in predicting postoperative risks using clinical notes.

Clinical notes recorded during a patient's perioperative journey holds immense informational value. Advances in large language models (LLMs) offer opportunities for bridging this gap. Using 84,875 preoperative notes and its associated surgical cases from 2018 to 2021, we examine the performance of LLMs in predicting six postoperative risks using various fine-tuning strategies.

Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Three Presenting Phenotypes of Chiari Type-1 Malformation and Syringomyelia.

Background And Objectives: Chiari type-1 malformation (CM1) and syringomyelia (SM) are common related pediatric neurosurgical conditions with heterogeneous clinical and radiological presentations that offer challenges related to diagnosis and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been used in other fields of medicine to identify different phenotypic clusters that guide clinical care. In this study, we use a novel, combined data-driven and clinician input feature selection process and AI clustering to differentiate presenting phenotypes of CM1 + SM.

Multi-modal prediction of extracorporeal support-a resource intensive therapy, utilizing a large national database.

Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is among the most resource-intensive therapies in critical care. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the lack of ECMO resource allocation tools. We aimed to develop a continuous ECMO risk prediction model to enhance patient triage and resource allocation.

A novel generative multi-task representation learning approach for predicting postoperative complications in cardiac surgery patients.

Objective: Early detection of surgical complications allows for timely therapy and proactive risk mitigation. Machine learning (ML) can be leveraged to identify and predict patient risks for postoperative complications. We developed and validated the effectiveness of predicting postoperative complications using a novel surgical Variational Autoencoder (surgVAE) that uncovers intrinsic patterns via cross-task and cross-cohort presentation learning.